Yiyiphi imimiselo kunye nezikhokelo zokugcinwa kwe-sodium cyanide?

Sodium i-cyanide Yikhompawundi yekhemikhali eyityhefu kakhulu. Ngenxa yobungozi bayo obugqithisileyo, imimiselo engqongqo kunye nezikhokelo kufuneka zithotyelwe ngexesha lokugcinwa kwayo ukuthintela iingozi, ukukhusela impilo yabantu, kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo.

1. IiMfuno zeZiko

1.1 Indawo yokugcina

• ukwahlukanisa: I-sodium cyanide kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo yogcino oluzinikeleyo, oluzimeleyo olwahlukileyo kwezinye iikhemikhali, ngakumbi ezo zinokusabela ngayo. Oku kwahlula kunceda ukuthintela ukusabela kweekhemikhali ezinokukhokelela ekukhululweni kwegesi eyityhefu yehydrogen cyanide. Umzekelo, akufuneki ukuba igcinwe kufutshane neeasidi njengempendulo phakathi Isodium cyanide kunye neeasidi zinokuvelisa igesi eyityhefu kakhulu yehydrogen cyanide.

• Ukude ukusuka kwindawo ezihlala abantu: Indawo yokugcina ifanele ibe kude neendawo zokuhlala, izikolo, izibhedlele nezinye iindawo zikawonke-wonke. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokwenzakala kwinani elikhulu labantu kwimeko yokukhululwa ngengozi. Iindawo zemizi-mveliso ezinezithinteli ezifanelekileyo zokhuseleko ziindawo ezifanelekileyo zokugcina Isodium cyanide.

1.2 Ulwakhiwo lweZakhiwo

• Ulwakhiwo olomeleleyo: Isakhiwo sokugcina kufuneka sakhiwe ngezinto ezomeleleyo nezihlala ixesha elide. Kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana namandla angaphandle afana neentlekele zendalo (umzekelo, iinyikima, imimoya ebhudla ngamandla) ukunqanda umonakalo wesakhiwo onokuthi ukhokelele ekuvuzeni sodium cyanide. Izakhiwo zekhonkrithi ezomeleziweyo zihlala zikhethwa ngamandla kunye nokuzinza kwazo.

• Imigangatho eNgangenekiyo kunye neendonga: Imigangatho kunye neendonga zendawo yokugcina kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezingenakungena. Oku kuthintela ukuvuza kwesisombululo se-sodium cyanide kwimeko yokuchitheka kunye nokukhusela isakhiwo sesakhiwo kwimiphumo ephazamisayo yekhemikhali. I-Epoxy - imigangatho edibeneyo kunye neendonga zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiindawo zokugcina ezinjalo.

2. IMimiselo yeSikhongozeli sokuGcina

2.1 Izinto zesikhongozeli

• ukuhambelana: Izikhongozeli zokugcina i-sodium cyanide kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezihambelana nekhemikhali. Izikhongozeli zentsimbi zisoloko zisetyenziswa njengoko zinokuxhathisa kakuhle kubume bomhlwa besodium cyanide. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka zigqunywe ngokufanelekileyo okanye zifakwe emgceni ukuthintela ukurusa, okunokuthi kubeke esichengeni isidima sesikhongozeli ekuhambeni kwexesha.

• Yitywina Ingqibelelo: Izikhongozeli kufuneka zibeneziciko eziqinileyo okanye zivaleke ukuthintela ukungena kokufuma nomoya, njengoko isodium cyanide inehygroscopic kwaye inokusabelana nomphunga osemoyeni ukuvelisa ihydrogen cyanide. Izikhongozeli ezitywinwe kabini okanye ezo zinenkqubo yegasket ezikhethekileyo ziyacetyiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthembeka kokutywinwa okuphezulu.

2.2 Ukuleyibhile kwisikhongozeli

• Ukuchongwa okucacileyo: Zonke izitya ezigcina isodium cyanide kufuneka zibhalwe ngokucacileyo ngegama lekhemikhali, "Sodium Cyanide," ngoonobumba abakhulu, abafundekayo. Ileyibhile kufuneka ibandakanye inombolo ye-CAS (i-143 - 33 - 9 ye-sodium cyanide) ukuchongwa lula kunye ne-cross-reference in case of emergency.

• Izilumkiso zeNgozi: Izilumkiso zengozi ezibonakalayo kufuneka ziboniswe kwiileyibhile zesikhongozeli. Ezi zilumkiso kufuneka zibandakanye ulwazi malunga netyhefu egqithisileyo yomchiza, amandla okukhutshwa kwegesi xa udibana namanzi, kunye namanyathelo ayimfuneko okuphatha. Iipictogram ezimele ubutyhefu kunye nobungozi kufuneka zibandakanywe ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe efana naleyo ichazwe yiGlobal Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS).

3. Ulawulo lweeMeko zokusiNgqongileyo

3.1 Iqondo lobushushu kunye nokufuma

• Indawo epholileyo neyomileyo: I-sodium cyanide kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo enobushushu obulawulwayo kunye nokufuma. Uluhlu olufanelekileyo lobushushu lukholisa ukuba phakathi kwe-15 - 25°C, kwaye ukufuma okunxulumeneyo kufuneka kugcinwe ngaphantsi kwe-60%. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokunyusa umyinge wayo nayiphi na imichiza enokwenzeka, ngelixa ukufuma okuphezulu kunokubangela ukuba i-sodium cyanide ifunxe ukufuma kwaye iqalise ukukhupha igesi yehydrogen cyanide. Iinkqubo zokupholisa umoya kunye nokunciphisa umswakama unokufakwa kwindawo yokugcina ukugcina ezi meko.

• komoya: Ukungena komoya okwaneleyo kubalulekile kwindawo yokugcina. Ukungenisa umoya kunceda ukususa nayiphi na igesi yehydrogen cyanide enokuthi ivuze kwaye ithintele ukuqokelelana kwayo ukuya kumaqondo ayingozi. Isixokelelwano sokungenisa umoya kufuneka siyilwe ukukhupha umoya kwindawo ekhuselekileyo kude neendawo ezihlala abantu kunye nezinye izibonelelo ezibuthathaka.

3.2 Ukukhuselwa ekukhanyeni

• Ukukhanya - UGcino oluxhathisayo: Nangona i-sodium cyanide ayinayo i-photosensitive ephezulu, kusacetyiswa ukuba igcinwe kwindawo ekhuselweyo ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Ukuba sesichengeni selanga ixesha elide kunokubangela ukuthotywa kwekhemikhali ngokuhamba kwexesha, nto leyo enokuchaphazela ukuzinza kwayo kwaye yandise umngcipheko wokusabela okungafunwayo. Ukusebenzisa izikhongozeli zokugcinwa kwe-opaque okanye ukugcina imichiza kwigumbi elinombala omnyama kunokuncedisa ukunciphisa impembelelo yokukhanya.

4. Amanyathelo oKhuseleko kunye noKhuseleko

4.1 Iinkqubo zoKhuseleko

• Ulawulo lokufikelela: Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ibe nemilinganiselo engqongqo yolawulo lokufikelela kwindawo. Abasebenzi abagunyazisiweyo kuphela abaye baqeqeshelwa ukuphatha kakuhle kunye nokugcinwa kwe-sodium cyanide kufuneka bavunyelwe ukufikelela kwindawo. Iisistim zamakhadi angundoqo, ulawulo lofikelelo lwebhayometriki, okanye oonogada bangasetyenziswa ukunyanzelisa oku.

• Iikhamera zoPhononongo: Ukufaka iikhamera zokujonga kwindawo yokugcina kunceda ekubekeni iliso kuyo nayiphi na imisebenzi engagunyaziswanga. Iikhamera kufuneka zifake zonke iindawo zokungena kunye nokuphuma kunye neendawo apho i-sodium cyanide igcinwe khona. Imifanekiso erekhodiweyo kufuneka igcinwe ixesha elaneleyo (umzekelo, ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-30) ukuze zisetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo xa kukho naziphi na iziganeko.

4.2 Isixhobo sokuPhendula ngokuNgxamisekileyo

• Izixhobo Ezikhuselayo (i-PPE): Ubonelelo olwaneleyo lwePPE efanelekileyo kufuneka lufumaneke lula kufutshane nendawo yokugcina. Oku kubandakanya iikhemikhali - iisuti ezixhathisayo, iiglavu, iibhutsi, kunye nezixhobo zokuphefumla ezizimeleyo (SCBA). I-PPE kufuneka ibe kumgangatho ophezulu kwaye ihambelane nemigangatho yokhuseleko efanelekileyo. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwePPE kuyimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwayo.

• Iikhithi zokuphendula ezichithekileyo: Iikiti zokuphendula zokuchitheka kufuneka zibekho kwindawo yokugcina. Ezi zixhobo kufuneka ziqulathe izinto ezithathayo, i-neutraizing agents (ezifana nesisombululo se-sodium hypochlorite engasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuchithwa okuncinci kwe-sodium cyanide), kunye nezixhobo zokucoca ukuchithwa. Iikhithi kufuneka zihlolwe rhoqo kwaye zizaliswe kwakhona ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisebenza kakuhle.

5. Ukuthotyelwa koMgaqo

5.1 IMimiselo yeNgingqi, yeSizwe kunye neyamazwe ngamazwe

• Ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho: Ukugcinwa kwe-sodium cyanide kufuneka ihambelane nayo yonke imimiselo yasekhaya, yelizwe kunye neyamazwe ngamazwe. E-United States, umzekelo, i-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) inemimiselo ethile malunga nokugcinwa kunye nokuphathwa kweekhemikhali ezinobuthi kakhulu njenge-sodium cyanide. Le migaqo ibandakanya imiba efana noqeqesho lokhuseleko kubasebenzi, ukuleyibhile ngokufanelekileyo kwezikhongozeli, kunye nokufakelwa kwezixhobo zokhuseleko.

• Ukwenza iiMfuno: Izibonelelo ezigcina i-sodium cyanide zingafuneka ukuba zichaze amanqanaba oluhlu lwazo, iimeko zokugcina, kunye naziphi na iziganeko ezinxulumene nekhemikhali kumagunya alawulayo afanelekileyo. Le ngxelo inceda abasemagunyeni ukuba babeke iliso kwaye baqinisekise ukugcinwa okukhuselekileyo kunye nokuphathwa kwe-sodium cyanide kuwo wonke ummandla.

5.2 UPhicotho lwarhoqo kunye noHlolo

• Uphicotho-zincwadi lwangaphakathi: Amaziko ogcino kufuneka enze uphicotho lwangaphakathi rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izenzo zogcino ziyahambelana nemigaqo nezikhokelo ezisekiweyo. Olu phicotho lunokwenziwa liqela lokhuseleko lweziko kwaye kufuneka lubandakanye imiba efana nentembeko yesikhongozeli, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, kunye nokufumaneka kwezixhobo zokusabela kwimeko kaxakeka.

• Uhlolo lwangaphandle: Abasemagunyeni olawulo banokuqhuba uhlolo lwangaphandle ngamaxesha athile kwindawo yokugcina. Olu hlolo kukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa komthetho kunye nokuchonga nayiphi na imingcipheko yokhuseleko enokwenzeka. Ukungathobeli kungakhokelela kwisohlwayo esibalulekileyo kunye nezinye iziphumo zomthetho kwiziko.