Yiyiphi imimiselo kunye nezikhokelo zokugcinwa kwe-sodium cyanide?

I-sodium cyanide yikhemikhali enobungozi kakhulu. Ngenxa yengozi yayo enkulu, kufuneka kulandelwe imigaqo nezikhokelo ezingqongqo ngexesha lokugcina kwayo ukuthintela iingozi, ukukhusela impilo yabantu, kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo.

1. IiMfuno zeZiko

1.1 Indawo yokugcina

• Ukuzahlula : I-sodium cyanide kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo yokugcina ebekelwe bucala, eyahlukileyo kwezinye iikhemikhali, ingakumbi ezo zinokusabela kuyo. Oku kuzahlula kunceda ekuthinteleni iimpembelelo ezinokubakho zeekhemikhali ezinokukhokelela ekukhutshweni kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enobuthi. Umzekelo, akufuneki igcinwe kufutshane nee-asidi njengoko impendulo phakathi kwe -sodium cyanide kunye nee-asidi inokuvelisa igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enobuthi kakhulu.

• Kude neMimandla enabantu : Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ibe kude nemimandla yokuhlala, izikolo, izibhedlele, kunye nezinye iindawo zikawonke-wonke. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokwenzakala kubantu abaninzi xa kuthe kwakhutshwa ngengozi. Iindawo zoshishino ezinee-buffers zokhuseleko ezifanelekileyo ziindawo ezifanelekileyo zokugcina i-Sodium Cyanide.

1.2 Ulwakhiwo lweZakhiwo

• Ulwakhiwo Oluqinileyo : Isakhiwo sokugcina izinto kufuneka sakhiwe ngezinto ezomeleleyo nezihlala ixesha elide. Kufuneka sikwazi ukumelana namandla angaphandle afana neentlekele zemvelo (umz., iinyikima, imimoya enamandla) ukuthintela umonakalo wesakhiwo onokubangela ukuvuza kwe- sodium cyanide . Izakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziqinisiweyo zihlala zikhethwa ngenxa yokuqina kwazo nokuzinza kwazo.

• Imigangatho neendonga ezingangeni manzi : Imigangatho neendonga zendawo yokugcina kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezingangeni manzi. Oku kuthintela ukuvuza kwesisombululo se-sodium cyanide xa kuchitheka kwaye kukhusela nesakhiwo kwimiphumo yokutsha yekhemikhali. Imigangatho neendonga ezigqunywe nge-epoxy zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zokugcina ezinjalo.

2. IMimiselo yeSikhongozeli sokuGcina

2.1 Izinto zesikhongozeli

• Ukuhambelana : Izikhongozeli zokugcina i-sodium cyanide kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezihambelanayo nekhemikhali. Izikhongozeli zentsimbi zihlala zisetyenziswa kuba zinokumelana okuhle nokubola kwe-sodium cyanide. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka zigqunywe okanye zifakwe imicu efanelekileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukugqwala, okunokubeka emngciphekweni ukuthembeka kwesikhongozeli ngokuhamba kwexesha.

• Ukunyaniseka kweSeal : Izikhongozeli kufuneka zibe nezivalo eziqinileyo okanye ezivaliweyo ukuthintela ukungena komswakama nomoya, njengoko i-sodium cyanide ingena kwi-hygroscopic kwaye inokusabela kumphunga wamanzi emoyeni ukuvelisa i-hydrogen cyanide. Izikhongozeli ezivalwe kabini okanye ezo zineenkqubo ze-gasket ezikhethekileyo ziyacetyiswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuphezulu kweseal.

2.2 Ukuleyibhile kwisikhongozeli

• Ukuchonga Okucacileyo : Zonke izikhongozeli ezigcina i-sodium cyanide kufuneka zibhalwe ngokucacileyo igama lekhemikhali elithi, "Sodium Cyanide," ngoonobumba abakhulu nabafundekayo. Ileyibhile kufuneka ibandakanye nenombolo ye-CAS (143 - 33 - 9 ye-sodium cyanide) ukuze kube lula ukuyiqonda kunye nokubhekisa kuyo xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.

• Izilumkiso zeNgozi : Izilumkiso zengozi ezibalulekileyo maziboniswe kwiileyibhile zesikhongozeli. Ezi zilumkiso mazibandakanye ulwazi malunga nobutyhefu obugqithisileyo bekhemikhali, amathuba okukhululwa kwegesi xa idibana namanzi, kunye nezilumkiso ezifunekayo zokuphatha. Iifotogramu ezimele ubutyhefu kunye nengozi nazo mazifakwe ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe efana naleyo ichazwe yiNkqubo yeHlabathi yokuHlela kunye nokuLayibha iiKhemikhali (GHS).

3. Ulawulo lweeMeko zokusiNgqongileyo

3.1 Iqondo lobushushu kunye nokufuma

• Indawo Epholileyo Neyomileyo : I-Sodium cyanide kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo enobushushu obulawulwayo kunye nokufuma. Ubushushu obufanelekileyo buhlala buphakathi kwe-15 - 25°C, kwaye ukufuma kufuneka kugcinwe ngaphantsi kwe-60%. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokunyusa izinga lazo naziphi na iimpembelelo zeekhemikhali ezinokubakho, ngelixa ukufuma okuphezulu kunokubangela i-sodium cyanide ukuba ifunxe ukufuma kwaye iqale ukukhupha igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Iinkqubo zomoya kunye nokukhupha ukufuma zinokufakwa kwindawo yokugcina ukuze kugcinwe ezi meko.

• Umoya : Umoya owaneleyo ubalulekile kwindawo yokugcina. Umoya unceda ukususa nayiphi na igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enokuvuza kwaye uthintele ukuqokelelana kwayo ukuya kumanqanaba ayingozi. Inkqubo yomoya kufuneka yenzelwe ukukhupha umoya uye kwindawo ekhuselekileyo kude neendawo ezinabantu kunye nezinye iindawo ezinobuthathaka.

3.2 Ukukhuselwa ekukhanyeni

• Ugcino Olungangenisi Ukukhanya : Nangona i-sodium cyanide ingenawo ubushushu obuphezulu kwilanga, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyigcine kwindawo ekhuselekileyo elangeni ngqo. Ukuvezwa elangeni ixesha elide kunokubangela ukonakala kwekhemikhali ngokuhamba kwexesha, oku kunokuchaphazela ukuzinza kwayo kwaye kwandise umngcipheko weempendulo ezingafunekiyo. Ukusebenzisa izikhongozeli zokugcina izinto ezingacacanga okanye ukugcina ikhemikhali kwigumbi elimnyama kunokunceda ukunciphisa impembelelo yokukhanya.

4. Amanyathelo oKhuseleko kunye noKhuseleko

4.1 Iinkqubo zoKhuseleko

• Ulawulo Lokufikelela : Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ibe namanyathelo angqongqo okulawula ukufikelela. Ngabasebenzi abagunyazisiweyo kuphela abaqeqeshwe ekuphatheni nasekugcineni i-sodium cyanide abafanele bavunyelwe ukufikelela kuloo ndawo. Iinkqubo zekhadi ezingundoqo, ulawulo lokufikelela lwebhayomethrikhi, okanye oonogada bokhuseleko banokusetyenziswa ukunyanzelisa oku.

• Iikhamera zokujonga : Ukufaka iikhamera zokujonga kwindawo yokugcina izinto kunceda ekujonganeni nayo nayiphi na imisebenzi engagunyaziswanga. Iikhamera kufuneka zigubungele zonke iindawo zokungena nezokuphuma kunye neendawo apho i-sodium cyanide igcinwa khona. Imifanekiso erekhodiweyo kufuneka igcinwe ixesha elaneleyo (umz., ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-30) ukuze isetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo xa kukho naziphi na iziganeko.

4.2 Isixhobo sokuPhendula ngokuNgxamisekileyo

• Izixhobo zokuzikhusela zobuqu (i-PPE) : Kufuneka kubekho unikezelo olwaneleyo lwe-PPE efanelekileyo kufutshane nendawo yokugcina. Oku kuquka iisuti ezingangeni khemikhali, iiglavu, izihlangu, kunye nezixhobo zokuphefumla ezizimeleyo (i-SCBA). I-PPE kufuneka ibe semgangathweni ophezulu kwaye ihambelane nemigangatho yokhuseleko efanelekileyo. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwe-PPE kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo.

• Iikiti Zokuphendula Ukuchitheka : Iikiti zokuphendula ukuchitheka kufuneka zibekho kwindawo yokugcina. Ezi kiti kufuneka zibe nezinto ezifunxayo, izinto ezithintela ukuchitheka (ezifana nesisombululo se-sodium hypochlorite esinokusetyenziselwa ukuphelisa ukuchitheka okuncinci kwe-sodium cyanide), kunye nezixhobo zokucoca ukuchitheka. Ezi kiti kufuneka zihlolwe rhoqo kwaye zizaliswe kwakhona ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisebenza kakuhle.

5. Ukuthotyelwa koMgaqo

5.1 IMimiselo yeNgingqi, yeSizwe kunye neyamazwe ngamazwe

• Ukuthobela Imithetho : Ukugcinwa kwe-sodium cyanide kufuneka kuhambelane nayo yonke imithetho yasekuhlaleni, yesizwe, neyehlabathi. E-United States, umzekelo, i-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) inemithetho ethile malunga nokugcinwa nokuphathwa kweekhemikhali ezinobungozi kakhulu ezifana ne-sodium cyanide. Le mithetho igubungela imiba efana noqeqesho lokhuseleko lwabasebenzi, ukulebhelisha ngokufanelekileyo kwezikhongozeli, kunye nokufakwa kwezixhobo zokhuseleko.

• Iimfuneko zeNgxelo : Iindawo ezigcina i-sodium cyanide zinokufuneka ukuze zibike amanqanaba azo empahla, iimeko zokugcina, kunye nazo naziphi na iziganeko ezinxulumene nekhemikhali kwiigunya ezifanelekileyo zolawulo. Le ngxelo inceda amagunya ukuba abeke esweni kwaye aqinisekise ukugcinwa nokuphathwa kwe-sodium cyanide ngokukhuselekileyo kulo lonke ummandla.

5.2 UPhicotho lwarhoqo kunye noHlolo

• Uhlolo Lwangaphakathi : Iindawo zokugcina izinto kufuneka zenze uhlolo lwangaphakathi rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iindlela zokugcina izinto ziyahambelana nemigaqo nezikhokelo ezimiselweyo. Olu hlolo lunokwenziwa liqela lokhuseleko lendawo kwaye kufuneka lugubungele iinkalo ezifana nokugcinwa kweekhonteyina, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, kunye nokufumaneka kwezixhobo zokuphendula ngexesha likaxakeka.

• Uhlolo Lwangaphandle : Amagunya olawulo angenza uhlolo lwangaphandle rhoqo kwiindawo zokugcina izinto. Olu hlolo lokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa komthetho kunye nokuchonga naziphi na iingozi zokhuseleko ezinokubakho. Ukungathobeli imithetho kunokubangela izohlwayo ezinkulu kunye neminye imiphumo esemthethweni kwiziko.