Kutheni iChina ibenguMvelisi oKhokelayo weSodium Cyanide kwihlabathi

Ukususela ngo-2008 ukuya ku-2015. I-China iye yafumana utshintsho oluphawulekayo kummandla we Isodium cyanide imveliso. Iye yatshintsha ekubeni ngumrhwebi ophuma kumazwe angaphandle wale khemikhali inetyhefu kakhulu yaya ekubeni ngowona mvelisi mkhulu wehlabathi, umgcini, nothumela ngaphandle. Olu tshintsho lubalulekileyo lubuza umbuzo: kutheni iChina iye yavela njengelizwe elikhokelayo sodium cyanide imveliso?

I-Global Sodium Cyanide Production Landscape

IJapan yayiphakathi kwabangeneli bokuqala Isodium cyanide indawo yemveliso. Ngaphandle kokulawula kwe-United States (kunye neenkampani ezinjengeDuPont ezibalelwa kwi-43% yomthamo wemveliso yehlabathi jikelele) kunye neNtshona Yurophu kwisodium yamazwe ngamazwe. i-cyanide indawo yokuvelisa, iinkampani zaseJapan ezifana neKuraray kunye neNippon Soda, phakathi kwezinye, zenze ukuba iJapan ikwazi ukugcina indawo yokukhuphisana. Ngo-1999 ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50% yemveliso ye-sodium cyanide yase-Japan yajoliswa kwimveliso ye-methionine, esetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni ukutya kwezilwanyana.

Nangona kunjalo, kwinqanaba lehlabathi, ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kwe-sodium cyanide kukutsalwa kwegolide. Ukusukela ukuba itekhnoloji yokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide kwimigodi yegolide yavela ngeminyaka yoo-1980, yamkelwa ngokubanzi kumashishini egolide kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, eMzantsi Afrika, i-99.5% yokukhutshwa kwegolide ixhomekeke kule ndlela; eUnited States, inani limi kwi-88.1%, kwaye eOstreliya, yi-84.9%. Ngoku, i-75% emangalisayo yesodium cyanide yehlabathi isetyenziswa licandelo lezemigodi. Imizi-mveliso yemigodi yegolide kuMntla Merika, eMzantsi Merika, eRashiya, kuMbindi Asia, eOstreliya, eMzantsi Afrika naseTshayina ngabona bathengi baphambili balo mchiza.

Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso egolide kuye kwaba nefuthe elithe ngqo kwixabiso le-sodium cyanide esetyenziselwa ukukhutshwa kwegolide. Ekuqaleni kwe-2000, ixabiso lamazwe ngamazwe le-sodium cyanide lalijikeleze i-(1.600 ngetoni, eye yanda ukuya kwi-) 2.800 ngetoni. Oku kunyuka kwexabiso kukhuthaze ukwanda kwemveliso yesodium cyanide kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngokomzekelo, iRashiya nePeru, zakha ngamabhongo amashishini okuvelisa i-sodium cyanide enomthamo wonyaka weetoni ezingama-40.000 zesodium cyanide eqinileyo. Kodwa kungekudala, zagutyungelwa lulwando olukhawulezayo lwaseTshayina kulo mmandla.

China Sodium Cyanide Production Uhambo

I-China iqala ukuvelisa i-sodium cyanide, kwaye i-Shanghai yaba yindawo yokuqala yokuvelisa. Ngeminyaka yoo-1960, ishishini lepetrochemical elikhulayo lakhokelela ekwandeni okubukhali kwemfuno yesodium cyanide. Ngaphambi kwe-1980. I-China yayixhomekeke kwizinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, izisa i-2008 - i-10.000 yeetoni ze-sodium cyanide ngonyaka.

Nangona kunjalo, amandla amabini okukhula kwemfuno yangaphakathi neyamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso, ngakumbi ngenxa yeemfuno ezikhulayo ze Ishishini leMigodi yeGolide, iqhubele phambili amandla okuvelisa i-sodium cyanide yaseTshayina. Ngo-2009. I-China iphumelele inyathelo elibalulekileyo ngokuba ngumthumeli ngaphandle kwe-sodium cyanide.

Kwi-2011. Imveliso yonyaka ye-sodium cyanide yaseChina isondele kwiitoni ezingama-400.000. Okwangoku, iTshayina ibambe iwonga lomvelisi omkhulu wesodium cyanide. Ukongeza kokuhlangabezana neemfuno zasekhaya, ithumela ngaphandle kweetoni ezingaphezu kwama-70.000 ngonyaka. Ngexesha lokwandiswa ngokukhawuleza kweshishini le-sodium cyanide, amaphondo afana ne-Anhui kunye ne-Hebei avele njengeendawo eziphambili zemveliso.

Imikhosi yokuqhuba ngasemva kwe-Ascendancy yaseTshayina

Ishishini leMigodi yeGolide

I-China ayingomvelisi ophambili kuphela kodwa ikwangumthengi omkhulu wegolide. Ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwimveliso yegolide kunye nokusetyenziswa kukhokelele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwemfuno yesodium cyanide kwinkqubo yokwembiwa kwegolide. Imveliso yegolide yaseTshayina kudala ibekwa phakathi kwezona ziphezulu kwihlabathi. Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwendlela yokutsalwa kwegolide esekwe kwicyanide, nesebenza kakuhle kakhulu ekukhupheni igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada, kube negalelo elikhulu kwimfuno ephezulu yesodium cyanide. Njengoko ishishini lemigodi yegolide liqhubeka nokwanda, zombini ngokweeprojekthi zemigodi emitsha kunye nokwandiswa kwezinto ezikhoyo, imfuno ye-sodium cyanide njenge-reagent engundoqo yokukhupha ikhule ngokulinganayo.

Iindleko - ukusebenza kakuhle kunye ne-Scale Advantage

Abavelisi baseTshayina benze imali enkulu kuqoqosho lwesikali. Ngemveliso emikhulu, baye bakwazi ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso kakhulu. Le ndleko-ukusebenza yenze ukuba iTshayina - ivelise i-sodium cyanide ikhuphisane ngakumbi kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphaya koko, uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe bemveliso ephucukileyo e-China kuye kwaphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Ukukwazi ukuvelisa umgangatho ophezulu we-sodium cyanide ngexabiso eliphantsi kuye kwatsala abathengi basekhaya nabamazwe ngamazwe, ngaloo ndlela beqhuba ukukhula koshishino.

Uphuhliso loShishino olusezantsi

Isodium cyanide isebenza njengemathiriyeli ekrwada ebalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo asezantsi, kubandakanya ukuveliswa kweekhemikhali eziphakathi, amayeza, izibulali-zinambuzane, kunye ne-electroplating. Ukukhula kwala mashishini eTshayina kudale imfuno emandla yesodium cyanide. Ngokomzekelo, kwishishini lamachiza, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kweendlela ezithile zokuxuba amayeza. Njengoko ishishini lamayeza laseTshayina lisanda kwaye liya likhuphisana ngakumbi nehlabathi, imfuno yesodium cyanide njengesiseko semathiriyeli ekrwada nayo iye yanda. Ngokufanayo, kwishishini le-electroplating, elisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni i-electronics kunye nezinto zokuhombisa, i-sodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho ophezulu we-plating. Ukukhula kwala mashishini asezantsi kubonelele ngesiseko esiluqilima sophuhliso lwemveliso yesodium cyanide yaseTshayina.

isiphelo

Isishwankathelo, inguqu yeChina ibe ngumvelisi ohamba phambili wesodium cyanide sisiphumo sokudityaniswa kwezinto. Ukunyuka kwemfuno evela kushishino lwemigodi yegolide, iindleko - izicwangciso zemveliso ezisebenzayo, kunye nophuhliso lwamashishini asezantsi konke kube negalelo kolu hlumo lumangalisayo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kukhula kuza noxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olungqongqo kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Ngenxa yobume betyhefu yesodium cyanide, ukuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukugcinwa, kunye nokuthuthwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Njengoko i-China iqhubeka ihamba phambili kwimveliso ye-sodium cyanide, kufuneka iphinde ikhokele ekuphunyezweni kweendlela ezilungileyo zokhuseleko kunye nolawulo lwendalo ukuze kuncitshiswe iingozi ezinokubakho ezinxulumene nale khemikhali eyingozi.