Loluphi uHlelo oluNgcono oluLungileyo lweSodium Cyanide yokuLeaching yeGolide?

Kwishishini lemigodi yegolide, i-cyanide i-leaching iseyeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu yokukhupha igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada. I-sodium cyanide, ngakumbi, ithandwa ngokusebenza kwayo, ukuzinza, kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Ukumisela eyona ilungileyo sodium cyanide Ugxininiso lubalulekile njengoko luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwegolide, iindleko zokusebenza, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kokusingqongileyo.

Iingqwalasela zethiyori

Ngokwethiyori, ukunyibilika kwegolide kwisisombululo secyanide kulandela ukusabela kweekhemikhali ezithile. Ngegram nganye yegolide ekufuneka inyibilikiswe, malunga ne-0.92 grams ye Isodium cyanide zifunwa ngokusekelwe kwi-electrochemical reactions. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwenyani - iimeko zehlabathi, ukusetyenziswa kwangempela kwe Isodium cyanide iphezulu kakhulu, kaninzi 50 - 100 umphinda-phindene wexabiso lethiyori.

Imiba echaphazela ukuzikisa ingqondo okuLungileyo

Iimpawu zeOre

1. IMineraloji yeGolide: Uhlobo lwezimbiwa zegolide ezikhoyo kwintsimbi ekrwada zinendima ebalulekileyo. Ukuba igolide ikwimo ecolekileyo, ekhululekileyo-yokusila, iya kufuna i-concentration ye-cyanide eyahlukileyo xa kuthelekiswa negolide edibene ne-sulfide minerals okanye ezinye izinto eziphikisayo. Umzekelo, kwezinye igolide-ezithwele imithambo ye-quartz, apho igolide isimahla-ukusila, ukugxilwa kwe-cyanide esezantsi kunokwanela.

2. Ubungakanani beNcam kunye nokuGqibeleka: I-finer-grained ores ngokubanzi inommandla ophezulu, ovumela uqhagamshelwano olusebenzayo ngakumbi phakathi kwesisombululo se-sodium cyanide kunye namasuntswana egolide. Ngenxa yoko, ukugxilwa kwe-cyanide ephantsi kunokusebenza. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, intsimbi erhabaxa-ekhutshiweyo inokufuna ugxininiso oluphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukucwiliswa ngokupheleleyo. Ukongezelela, ukunyanzeliswa kweengqungquthela ze-ore kuchaphazela ukuhamba kwesisombululo se-cyanide nge-ore, echaphazela ukugxilwa okufunekayo.

3. Ubukho bezinye iintsimbi: Ubhedu, ngokukodwa, luphendula ngamandla kunye ne-sodium cyanide. Inokutya inani elikhulu le-cyanide ngexesha lenkqubo yokucoca. Ngegram nganye yobhedu enyityilisiweyo, i-2.3 ukuya kwi-3.4 grams ye-cyanide iyafuneka. Kwi-ores enomxholo ophezulu wobhedu, i-sodium cyanide concentration ephezulu inokufuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho i-cyanide eyaneleyo ekhoyo yokuchithwa kwegolide. Ezinye iintsimbi ezifana ne-zinc, ilothe, kunye nentsimbi zinokuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide, nangona kuncinci.

Iimeko zeNkqubo

1. Inqanaba le-pH: I-pH yesisombululo se-leaching yinto ebalulekileyo. I-sodium cyanide i-hydrolyzes kwisisombululo, ivelisa i-hydrocyanic acid (HCN), eyigesi enetyhefu kakhulu. Iqondo le-hydrolysis lixhomekeke kwi-pH yesisombululo. Kwi-pH ye-10.5. kuphela i-6.1% ye-hydrocyanic acid eveliswayo, ngelixa i-pH ye-9.0. I-67.1% iyaveliswa. Ukunciphisa ilahleko ye-cyanide nge-hydrolysis kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesisombululo se-cyanide, i-pH idla ngokugcinwa phakathi kwe-11 kunye ne-12 kwizityalo zegolide zeCIP (Carbon - in - Pulp). Oku kwakhona kunempembelelo kugxininiso lwesodium cyanide, njengoko indawo enealkaline ngakumbi inokufuna ugxininiso oluphezulu kancinane ukuze lusebenze. ukuvuza kwegolide.

2. I-Oxygen Concentration echithwe: I-oksijeni iyimfuneko yokuchithwa kwegolide kwisisombululo se-cyanide. Ukusabela kufuna zombini i-cyanide ion (CN⁻) kunye ne-oxygen (O₂). Ubuninzi be-solubility ye-oksijeni kwiqondo lokushisa kunye noxinzelelo ngu-8.2 mg / L. Ukuba inxinaniso ye-oksijini enyibilikileyo kwi-slurry ingaphantsi kwe-4 mg / L, inokunciphisa izinga lokuchithwa kwegolide. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, umoya unokujongwa kwi-slurry okanye i-hydrogen peroxide inokuthi ifakwe ukunyusa i-oxygen concentration. Umlinganiselo weoksijini kwicyanide ubalulekile; ukungalingani kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni izinga le-leaching. Njengoko ugxininiso lweoksijini luchaphazela i-reaction kinetics, ikwachaphazela eyona nto ilungileyo yesodium cyanide concentration. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lweoksijini lunokuvumela ukugxininiswa okuncinci kwecyanide, kwaye ngokuphambeneyo.

Uluhlu lweeNgcebiso eziQhelekileyo kwiZenzo

1. Kwi-CIP kunye ne-CIL (iCarbon - in - Leach) Iinkqubo: Kwisekethe eqhelekileyo ye-CIP okanye ye-CIL, apho i-ore ephethe igolide ikwimo yokulunywa kwaye ICarbon isetyenziselwa ukufunxa igolide enyibilikisiweyo, uxinaniso lwe-sodium cyanide luhlala luphakathi kwe-0.3 - 0.4 grams ngelitha (0.03 - 0.04%). Olu xinaniso lufunyenwe lusebenza kwiintlobo ngeentlobo ze-ore phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, kwii-ore ezintsonkothileyo okanye ezo zinamanqanaba aphezulu okungcola, uxinaniso lunokulungiswa lunyuke, ngamanye amaxesha lufikelele kwi-0.6 - 0.8 grams ngelitha (0.06 - 0.08%).

2. Kwi-Vat Leaching: Ukukhutshwa kwevat kudla ngokusetyenziswa kwizinto ezikrwada ezikrwada okanye xa intsimbi ilungiswa ngokweebhetshi. Kule nkqubo, i-concentration ye-sodium cyanide iphezulu, malunga ne-1.0 gram nganye ilitha (0.1%). Ugxininiso oluphezulu luhlawulela indawo enokuthi ibe sezantsi ye-ore particles kwaye inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba isisombululo se-cyanide sinokungena kwi-ore kwaye siyinyibilikise igolide ngokufanelekileyo.

3. Kuba iiTailings Cyanidation: Xa i-cyanide tailings esuka kumanyathelo okucubungula angaphambili (afana nasemva kokwahlulwa komxhuzulane), i-cyanide concentration inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisiqulatho segolide esishiyekileyo kunye nohlobo lweentsalela zezimbiwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-concentration ye-cyanide inokuvela kwi-0.5 - 2 kg / t ye-ore, ethi, xa iguqulelwe kwi-concentration concentration, ingaba kuluhlu lwe-0.05 - 0.2 grams ngelitha (0.005 - 0.02%). Ugxininiso olusezantsi ludla ngokwaneleyo njengoko iintsalela zezimbiwa zisenokuba sele zinyangwa kwangaphambili, kwaye igolide eseleyo ifikeleleka ngakumbi.

Iimpembelelo zokusiNgqongileyo noKhuseleko

Ngelixa umisela eyona nto iphezulu yesodium cyanide yoxinaniso lwegolide, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imiba yokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko. I-Cyanide yinto enetyhefu kakhulu, kwaye nakuphi na ukukhutshelwa kwendalo kunokuba neziphumo ezibi. Ukugcina ugxininiso olululo akuncedi kuphela ekutsalweni kwegolide ngokufanelekileyo kodwa kucutha isixa se-cyanide enokubakho kwimisinga yenkunkuma. Ukongezelela, ukuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwe-sodium cyanide kubalulekile ukukhusela ukuchithwa okanye ukukhutshwa ngengozi.

isiphelo

Olona luhlu lulungileyo lwesodium cyanide yoxinaniso lwegolide luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya iimpawu zentsimbi kunye neemeko zenkqubo. Ngokubanzi, kwigolide eqhelekileyo - imisebenzi leaching ezifana CIP, CIL, kunye ukukhutshwa kwe-vat, Uluhlu lokugxininiswa luvela kwi-0.03% - 0.1% (0.3 - 1.0 grams ngelitha). Nangona kunjalo, kumzimba ngamnye we-ore, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze iimvavanyo zelebhu eneenkcukacha, ezinje ngebhotile yebhotile kunye novavanyo lwekholomu, ukufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo eyona nto ifanelekileyo yesodium cyanide. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukufunyanwa kwegolide okuphezulu ngelixa kuncitshiswa iindleko kunye neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo.