Loluphi uHlelo oluNgcono oluLungileyo lweSodium Cyanide yokuLeaching yeGolide?

Kwishishini lemigodi yegolide, ukucocwa kwe -cyanide kusasele yenye yezona ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekukhupheni igolide kwi-ore. I-sodium cyanide, ngakumbi, ithandwa ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kakuhle, uzinzo, kunye nexabiso layo eliphantsi. Ukuchonga ubuninzi be -sodium cyanide obufanelekileyo kubalulekile njengoko kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhupha igolide, iindleko zokusebenza, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwendalo.

Iingqwalasela zethiyori

Ngokwethiyori, ukunyibilika kwegolide kwisisombululo se-cyanide kulandela impendulo ethile yeekhemikhali. Kwigram nganye yegolide enyibilikayo, kufuneka malunga ne-0.92 grams ye -Sodium Cyanide ngokusekelwe kwiimpendulo ze-electrochemical. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko zokwenyani, ukusetyenziswa kwe -Sodium cyanide kuphezulu kakhulu, kudla ngokuphindwe ka-50 - 100 kunomlinganiselo wethiyori.

Imiba echaphazela ukuzikisa ingqondo okuLungileyo

Iimpawu zeOre

1. I-Gold Mineralogy : Uhlobo lweeminerali zegolide ezikhoyo kwi-ore ludlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ukuba igolide ikwimo entle yokusila, ikhululekile, iya kufuna uxinzelelo lwe-cyanide olwahlukileyo xa kuthelekiswa negolide enxulunyaniswa neeminerali ze-sulfide okanye ezinye izinto ezichaseneyo. Umzekelo, kwezinye imithambo ye-quartz ethwele igolide, apho igolide ikhululekile khona - ukusila, uxinano oluphantsi lwe-cyanide lunokwanela.

2. Ubungakanani beenxalenye kunye nokuNgangeni kweengceba : Iintsimbi ezicoliweyo zinommandla ophezulu, nto leyo evumela unxibelelwano olusebenzayo phakathi kwesisombululo se-sodium cyanide kunye neengceba zegolide. Ngenxa yoko, uxinano oluphantsi lwe-cyanide lunokusebenza. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iintsimbi ezicoliweyo zinokufuna uxinano oluphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuvuza okupheleleyo. Ukongeza, ukungenwa kweengceba zentsimbi kuchaphazela ukuhamba kwesisombululo se-cyanide kwi-ore, nto leyo echaphazela uxinano olufunekayo.

3. Ubukho bezinye iiMetals : I-Copper, ngakumbi, isabela ngamandla kwi-sodium cyanide. Ingatya isixa esikhulu se-cyanide ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhluza. Kwigram nganye yobhedu enyibilikisiweyo, kufuneka iigram eziyi-2.3 ukuya kweziyi-3.4 ze-cyanide. Kwii-ore ezinomxholo ophezulu wobhedu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-sodium cyanide lunokufuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho i-cyanide eyaneleyo ekhoyo yokunyibilikisa igolide. Ezinye iimetals ezifana ne-zinc, i-lead, kunye ne-iron nazo zinokuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide, nangona kuncinci.

Iimeko zeNkqubo

1. Inqanaba le-pH : I-pH yesisombululo sokukhuhla ityuwa yinto ebalulekileyo. I-sodium cyanide ikhuhla ityuwa kwisisombululo, ivelise i-hydrocyanic acid (HCN), eyigesi enobuthi kakhulu. Ubungakanani be-hydrolysis buxhomekeke kwi-pH yesisombululo. Kwi-pH ye-10.5, yi-6.1% kuphela ye-hydrocyanic acid eveliswayo, ngelixa kwi-pH ye-9.0. 67.1% eveliswayo. Ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwe-cyanide nge-hydrolysis nokuqinisekisa uzinzo lwesisombululo se-cyanide, i-pH ihlala igcinwa phakathi kwe-11 kunye ne-12 kwizityalo ze-gold CIP (Carbon-in-Pulp). Oku kukwanefuthe kuxinzelelo lwe-sodium cyanide olufanelekileyo, njengoko imeko-bume ye-alkaline ngakumbi inokufuna uxinzelelo oluphezulu kancinci ukuze kukhuhle igolide ngempumelelo.

2. Uxinzelelo lweOksijini enyibilikisiweyo : Ioksijini ibalulekile ekunyibilikeni kwegolide kwisisombululo se-cyanide. Le mpendulo ifuna zombini i-ion ze-cyanide (CN⁻) kunye neoksijini (O₂). Ukunyibilika okuphezulu kweoksijini kubushushu begumbi kunye noxinzelelo yi-8.2 mg/L. Ukuba uxinzelelo lweoksijini enyibilikisiweyo kwi-slurry lungaphantsi kwe-4 mg/L, lunokunciphisa izinga lokunyibilika kwegolide. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, umoya unokufakwa kwi-slurry okanye i-hydrogen peroxide ingongezwa ukwandisa uxinzelelo lweoksijini. Umlinganiselo weoksijini kwi-cyanide ubalulekile; ukungalingani kunokukhokelela ekwehleni kwesantya sokuphuma kweoksijini. Njengoko uxinzelelo lweoksijini luchaphazela i-kinetics yokusabela, lukwachaphazela uxinzelelo lwe-sodium cyanide olufanelekileyo. Uxinzelelo lweoksijini oluphezulu lunokuvumela uxinzelelo lwe-cyanide oluphantsi kancinci, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo.

Uluhlu lweeNgcebiso eziQhelekileyo kwiZenzo

1. Kwiinkqubo ze-CIP kunye ne-CIL (Carbon-in-Leach) : Kwisekethe eqhelekileyo ye-CIP okanye ye-CIL, apho i-ore ephethe igolide ikwimo ye-slurry kwaye iCarbon isetyenziselwa ukufunxa igolide enyibilikisiweyo, uxinzelelo lwe-sodium cyanide luhlala lugcinwa kuluhlu lwe-0.3 - 0.4 grams ngelitha (0.03 - 0.04%). Olu luhlu loxinzelelo lufunyenwe lusebenza kwiintlobo ngeentlobo ze-ore phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, kwii-ore ezintsonkothileyo okanye ezo zinamanqanaba aphezulu okungcola, uxinzelelo lunokulungiswa phezulu, ngamanye amaxesha lufikelele kwi-0.6 - 0.8 grams ngelitha (0.06 - 0.08%).

2. Kwi-Vat Leaching : I-Vat leaching idla ngokusetyenziswa kwi-ore eziqinileyo okanye xa i-ore icutshungulwa ngamaqamza. Kule nkqubo, uxinaniso lwe-sodium cyanide ludla ngokuba phezulu, malunga ne-1.0 gram ngelitha (0.1%). Uxinaniso oluphezulu luhlawulela indawo engaphantsi yomphezulu wee-ore eziqinileyo kwaye lunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba isisombululo se-cyanide sinokungena kwi-ore size sinyibilikise igolide ngokufanelekileyo.

3. Kwi-Tailings Cyanidation : Xa kucutshungulwa i-cyanide kwiintsalela ze-tailings ukusuka kumanyathelo okucubungula angaphambili (njengoko kwahlulwa komxhuzulane), uxinano lwe-cyanide lunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo wegolide oseleyo kunye nohlobo lweentsalela ze-tailings. Ngokubanzi, uxinano lwe-cyanide lunokwahluka ukusuka kwi-0.5 - 2 kg/t ye-ore, ethi xa iguqulwa ibe luxinano lwesisombululo, ibe phakathi kwe-0.05 - 0.2 grams ngelitha (0.005 - 0.02%). Uxinano oluphantsi ludla ngokwanela njengoko iintsalela zisenokuba sele zilungisiwe, kwaye igolide eseleyo ifikeleleka lula.

Iimpembelelo zokusiNgqongileyo noKhuseleko

Ngelixa umisela eyona nto iphezulu yesodium cyanide yoxinaniso lwegolide, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imiba yokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko. I-Cyanide yinto enetyhefu kakhulu, kwaye nakuphi na ukukhutshelwa kwendalo kunokuba neziphumo ezibi. Ukugcina ugxininiso olululo akuncedi kuphela ekutsalweni kwegolide ngokufanelekileyo kodwa kucutha isixa se-cyanide enokubakho kwimisinga yenkunkuma. Ukongezelela, ukuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwe-sodium cyanide kubalulekile ukukhusela ukuchithwa okanye ukukhutshwa ngengozi.

isiphelo

Uluhlu olufanelekileyo lwe-sodium cyanide yokutsalwa kwegolide luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka iimpawu ze-ore kunye neemeko zenkqubo. Ngokubanzi, kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo yokutsalwa kwegolide efana ne-CIP, i-CIL, kunye nokutsalwa kwe-vat , uxinaniso luqala kwi-0.03% - 0.1% (0.3 - 1.0 grams ngelitha). Nangona kunjalo, kwi-ore nganye ethile, kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo oluneenkcukacha zelebhu, olufana novavanyo lwebhotile kunye neekholamu, ukuze kuchongwe ngokuchanekileyo uxinaniso lwe-sodium cyanide olufanelekileyo. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukubuyiswa kwegolide okuphezulu ngelixa kunciphisa iindleko kunye nempembelelo yokusingqongileyo.