Ngaba uyazi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide?

I-Sodium cyanide , enefomyula yekhemikhali i-NaCN, yikhompawundi efumene ingqwalasela enkulu ngenxa yobuthi bayo obuphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Eli nqaku liza kujonga ukusetyenziswa kwe -Sodium cyanide ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo.

1. Icandelo lezemigodi

Ukutsalwa kwegolide kunye neSilivere

Enye yezona ndlela zidumileyo zokusebenzisa iSodium Cyanide kukukhupha igolide nesilivere kwiiore zazo. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cyanidation, ixhomekeke kubuchule bee-ion ze-cyanide ukwenza ii-complex ezizinzileyo ngegolide nesilivere. Xa kukho ioksijini namanzi, isinyithi segolide siyanyibilika kwaye sinyibilike kwisisombululo se-cyanide, nto leyo ebangela ukwenziwa kwe-complex ye-cyanide yegolide. Le ndlela isebenza kakuhle kwaye ibisoloko isetyenziswa kakhulu ekumbeni igolide nesilivere kangangeminyaka emininzi. Ivumela ukufunyanwa kweesinyithi ezixabisekileyo kwiiore ezikumgangatho ophantsi, ezinokuthi zingasebenzi kakuhle ngokwezoqoqosho xa zicutshungulwa kusetyenziswa ezinye iindlela. Umzekelo, kwimigodi yegolide emikhulu kwihlabathi liphela, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziswa ngobuninzi ukukhupha igolide. Kweminye imigodi yaseAfrika naseMzantsi Melika, amawaka eetoni zeore aphathwa ngezisombululo ze-cyanide imihla ngemihla ukuze kufunyanwe amanani amancinci egolide.

Okunye Ukwenziwa Kwesinyithi

I-sodium cyanide ikwasetyenziswa ekwahlukaniseni nasekucoceni ezinye iintsimbi ezifana ne-copper, i-zinc, kunye ne-nickel. Ngexesha lezi nkqubo, i-cyanide inokubopha ngokukhetha iintsimbi ezithile, okuvumela ukuba zahlulwe kwizinto ezingcolileyo okanye ezinye iintsimbi kwi-ore. Umzekelo, kwishishini le-copper- Mining , i-cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukwahlula i-copper kwezinye iintsimbi ezinxulumene nayo emzimbeni we-ore. Oku kufezekiswa ngokulungisa i-pH kunye noxinzelelo lwesisombululo se-cyanide ukuze kujoliswe kwi-metal-cyanide complex formations ethile.

2. Ukuchongwa kombane

Kwishishini le-Electroplating , i-sodium cyanide yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwi-plating bath. Inceda ekufakweni kweentsimbi ezifana nobhedu, isilivere, i-cadmium, kunye ne-zinc kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ii-ion ze-Cyanide kwisisombululo se-plating zisebenza njengee-complexing agents. Zenza ii-complexes ezinee-ion zesinyithi, ezinceda ekulawuleni izinga lokufakwa kwesinyithi. Ngenxa yoko, ukufakelwa kwesinyithi okufanayo nokunamathelayo kufezekiswa kumphezulu wento efakwe isinyithi. Umzekelo, ekuvelisweni kwezinto zokuhombisa ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ukufakelwa kwesinyithi ngesilivere okanye igolide kudla ngokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezisombululo ze-plating ezisekelwe kwi-cyanide. Ubukho be-sodium cyanide buqinisekisa ukuba isinyithi esixabisekileyo sibekwe ngokulinganayo, sinike ubucwebe ukugqiba okugudileyo nokukhazimlayo. Kwishishini leemoto, iindawo ezifana nee-bumpers kunye ne-trims zokuhombisa zihlala zifakwe i-electroplated kusetyenziswa izisombululo ze-cyanide - eziqulethe izisombululo zokuphucula inkangeleko yazo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.

3. Ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali

Ukuveliswa kwezinto eziphilayo

I-sodium cyanide i-reagent ebalulekileyo kwi-organic synthesis. Ingasetyenziselwa ukwazisa iqela lecyano (-CN) kwiimolekyuli eziphilayo. Eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekudityanisweni kwezinto ezininzi eziphilayo, kuquka i-nitriles, eziyibhloko zokwakha eziguquguqukayo kwi-organic chemistry. Ngokomzekelo, kwimveliso ye-acrylonitrile, esetyenziselwa ukwenza iifayili zokwenziwa ezifana ne-acrylic kunye ne-modacrylic, i-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziswa kwelinye lamanyathelo okuphendula. Ukusabela phakathi kwe-organic halide efanelekileyo kunye ne-sodium cyanide kukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwe-nitrile ngokusebenzisa i-nucleophilic substitution reaction.

I-Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals and Agrochemicals

Kwishishini lamachiza, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwamachiza amaninzi. Ngokomzekelo, ibandakanyeka ekuveliseni amayeza athile okubulala iintsholongwane, iivithamin namayeza alwa nokudumba. Kwi-synthesis ye-vitamin B12. I-cyanide isetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kweekhompawundi eziphambili eziphakathi. Kwintsimi ye-agrochemical, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kunye ne-herbicides. Amanye amayeza okubulala izinambuzane kunye nemichiza yokungunda anezakhiwo eziphuma kwiintshukumo ezibandakanya isodium cyanide. Le michiza inceda ekukhuseleni izityalo kwizitshabalalisi nakwizifo, ngaloo ndlela yandisa imveliso yezolimo.

4. Ezinye iZicelo

Ulawulo lweempuku

Ngenxa yobutyhefu bayo obugqithisileyo, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziswe njenge-rodenticide. Ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula iimpuku, iimpuku kunye nezinye iimpuku. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kulo mxholo kulawulwa kakhulu ngenxa yemingcipheko enokuthi ibeke kwiintlobo ezingajoliswanga kunye nokusingqongileyo. Kwezinye iindawo apho uhlaselo lweempuku lubukhali kwaye ezinye iindlela zokulawula zingqineke zingasebenzi, izithiyelo ezisekwe kwisodium cyanide zinokusetyenziswa phantsi kweliso elibukhali. Iimpuku zidla isithiyelo, kwaye i-cyanide ikhawuleza isebenze kwiinkqubo zabo zemithambo-luvo, ekhokelela ekufeni.

Ukucocwa kweNsimbi kunye nokuPholisha

I-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukucoca isinyithi kunye nemisebenzi yokupolisha. Inceda ekususeni iioksidi kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisa umphezulu kwisinyithi. Kwimeko yesinyithi esithile, i-cyanide inokusabela kunye nokungcola okungaphezulu, yenze iikhompleksi ezinyibilikayo ezinokukhukuliseka ngokulula. Le nkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu ekulungiseleleni iindawo zetsimbi zokuqhubela phambili, ezifana nokupeyinta okanye ukudibanisa. Ngokomzekelo, kwishishini le-aerospace, ngaphambi kokuba amacandelo athile esinyithi apeyintwe okanye adityaniswe kunye, anokuphathwa ngezisombululo ezine-sodium cyanide ukuqinisekisa indawo ecocekileyo negudileyo.

Ukuqukumbela, i-sodium cyanide, nangona inetyhefu, inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukususela ekutsalweni kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo emigodini ukuya ekudityanisweni kwamayeza abalulekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwawo kuyahluka kwaye kubalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobume bayo obunobungozi, ukhuseleko olungqongqo kunye nemithetho yokusingqongileyo ikhona ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa kwayo ngokufanelekileyo, ukugcinwa kunye nokulahlwa kwayo.