Ukuphazamiseka okuqhelekileyo kwi-Sodium Cyanide Titration Analysis

intshayelelo

Uhlalutyo lwe-titration ye- sodium cyanide yindlela ebalulekileyo kwi-analytical chemistry, ngakumbi kumashishini afana nemigodi, i-electroplating, kunye ne-chemical manufacturing. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho bezinto ezahlukeneyo eziphazamisayo bunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kweziphumo ze-titration. Ukuqonda ezi ngxaki zixhaphakileyo kubalulekile ukuze kufunyanwe idatha echanekileyo nethembekileyo.

Ions zesinyithi njengezinto eziphazamisayo

I-Ions zentsimbi enzima

Ii-ion zesinyithi ezinzima ezifana ne-copper (Cu²⁺), i-zinc (Zn²⁺), kunye ne-nickel (Ni²⁺) zinokwenza ii-complexes ezizinzileyo ngee -ion ze-cyanide . Umzekelo, ii-ion ze-copper zisabela kunye ne-cyanide ukuze zenze ii-complexes ze-copper cyanide ezifana ne-[Cu(CN)₂]⁻ kunye ne-[Cu(CN)₄]³⁻. Ezi mpendulo zokwakheka okuntsonkothileyo zisebenzisa ii-ion ze-cyanide, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungaqikelelwani komxholo we-Sodium Cyanide ngexesha le-titration. Kwizisombululo ze-electroplating, ezihlala ziqulathe i-copper kunye ne-zinc kunye ne -Sodium cyanide , olu phazamiseko lunokugqama ngakumbi.

Iiyoni zentsimbi

Ii-ayoni (i-Fe³⁺ kunye ne-Fe²⁺) nazo zinokuphazamisana ne-sodium cyanide titration. Kwindawo eneasidi, iFe³⁺ inokusabela ngeeayoni zecyanide ukwenza ii-iron ezahlukeneyo - iicomplexes zecyanide, ezifana ne-Prussian blue eyaziwa kakhulu - njengeekhompawundi. Ezi mpendulo zinokutya i-ion ze-cyanide kwaye ziphazamise i-stoichiometry ye-titration reaction phakathi kwe-ion zesilivere (ehlala isetyenziswa kwi-cyanide titration) kunye ne-cyanide ion. Ukongeza, kubukho be-oxygen, i-Fe²⁺ inokuthi ifakwe i-oxidized ukuya kwi-Fe³⁺, iqhube nzima ngakumbi imeko yokuphazamiseka.

Ukuphazamiseka kweAnionic

Sulfidi Ions

Iiyoni zesulfide (S²⁻) zizinto eziqhelekileyo zokuphazamisana nesodium cyanide titration. Kwi-alkaline medium, ukuba i-sulfide ikhona, inokusabela kunye ne-hydrogen ion ukusuka kwiimeko ze-acidic ezisetyenziswa kwezinye iinkqubo ze-titration (okanye zenze igesi ye-hydrogen sulfide enokuthi iqhube ngakumbi). Okubaluleke ngakumbi, i-sulfide inokusabela nge-ion zesilivere (esetyenziswa kwisilivere-nitrate-based cyanide titrations) ukwenza i-silver sulfide (Ag₂S) precipitate. Oku akudli nje kuphela ii-ion zesilivere, kodwa kwakhona kufihla isiphelo se-titration, njengoko ukubunjwa kwe-Ag₂S emnyama kunokuphazamisa ukubonwa okubonakalayo kwesilivere - i-cyanide complex-based endpoint.

I-Thiocyanate Ions

I-Thiocyanate ions (SCN⁻) ingabakho njengokuphazamiseka, ngakumbi kwiisampuli apho kukho icala elithile - ukusabela okanye ukungcoliswa. I-Thiocyanate ions inokusabela kunye ne-ion zesilivere ukwenza i-silver thiocyanate (AgSCN) precipitate. Kwi-sodium cyanide titration apho i-nitrate yesilivere isetyenziswa njenge-titrant, ukubunjwa kwe-AgSCN kunokukhokelela ekuqikelweni okungaphezulu komxholo we-cyanide ukuba akubalwanga ngokufanelekileyo, njengoko i-ion zesilivere zichithwa ekubunjweni kwesilivere - i-cyanide complexes kunye nesilivere ye-thiocyanate precipitate.

Ezinye izinto eziphazamisayo

Izinto eziphilayo

Ezinye iikhompawundi ze-organic zinokuphazamisana ne-sodium cyanide titration. Umzekelo, ii-aldehydes kunye nee-ketone ezithile zinokusabela kunye nee-ion ze-cyanide kwi-nucleophilic addition reaction phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Le mpendulo idla ii-ion ze-cyanide kwaye ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela iziphumo ze-titration. Kwiisampuli ezivela kwiinkqubo zoshishino apho kukho izinto eziphilayo, njengakwizinye iinkunkuma ezivela kwizityalo zeekhemikhali ezinokuba ne-sodium cyanide kunye ne-organic pollutions, ukuphazamiseka kwezi khompawundi ze-organic kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngononophelo.

Ii-Agent zokuNciphisa kunye ne-Oxidizing

Ii-oxidizing agents zinokukhupha ii-ion ze-cyanide. Ngokomzekelo, i-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) inokusabela kunye ne-cyanide ions ukwenza i-cyanate ions (CNO⁻) okanye ezinye iimveliso ezine-oxidized. Le mpendulo ye-oxidation inciphisa inani le-cyanide ekhoyo kwi-titration, okukhokelela kumlinganiselo ongachanekanga womxholo we-sodium cyanide. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ii-agent zokunciphisa nazo zinokuphazamisa. Umzekelo, izinto ezifana ne-sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) inokusabela kunye ne-ion zesilivere kwisilivere - i-nitrate-based titration, inciphisa ukuba ibe yisilivere yesinyithi okanye i-oxidation - iintlobo zesilivere zelizwe, eziphazamisa inkqubo yesiqhelo ye-titration.

isiphelo

Kuhlalutyo lwe -sodium cyanide titration , ii-ion zesinyithi, ii-anions ezifana ne-sulfide kunye ne-thiocyanate, iikhompawundi ze-organic, kunye nee-oxidizing okanye ii-reducing agents zizinto eziphazamisayo eziqhelekileyo. Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezichanekileyo ze-titration, kuyimfuneko ukuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo okususa okanye ukunciphisa iziphumo zezi ziphazamiso. Oku kunokubandakanya iindlela zovavanyo lwangaphambi konyango ezifana nokucoca, ukukhupha, okanye ukusebenzisa ii-masking agents. Ukuqonda ezi ziphazamiso linyathelo lokuqala lokuphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kohlalutyo lwe-sodium cyanide titration kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zoshishino kunye nohlalutyo.