Ukuphazamiseka okuqhelekileyo kwi-Sodium Cyanide Titration Analysis

intshayelelo

Uhlalutyo lweTitration lwe sodium cyanide yeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo kwikhemistri yohlalutyo, ngakumbi kumashishini afana nemigodi, i-electroplating, kunye nokuveliswa kweekhemikhali. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho bezinto ezahlukeneyo eziphazamisayo zinokuchaphazela kakhulu ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kweziphumo ze-titration. Ukuqonda oku kuphazamiseka okuqhelekileyo kubalulekile ekufumaneni idatha echanekileyo nethembekileyo.

Ions zesinyithi njengezinto eziphazamisayo

I-Ions zentsimbi enzima

Iiyoni zentsimbi enzima njengobhedu (Cu²⁺), i-zinc (Zn²⁺), kunye ne-nickel (Ni²⁺) zinokwenza iikhompleksi ezizinzileyo nge i-cyanide iiyoni. Umzekelo, iiyoni zobhedu zidibana necyanide zenze iicomplexes zecopper cyanide ezifana ne [Cu(CN)₂]⁻ kunye [Cu(CN)₄]³⁻. Ezi mpendulo zintsonkothileyo zokwakheka zisebenzisa iiyoni ze-cyanide, ezikhokelela ekujongeni phantsi kweyona nto Isodium cyanide umxholo ngexesha letitration. Kwizisombululo ze-electroplating, ezihlala ziqulethe ubhedu kunye ne-zinc kunye Isodium cyanide, olu phazamiso lunokuchazwa ngokukodwa.

Iiyoni zentsimbi

Ii-ayoni (i-Fe³⁺ kunye ne-Fe²⁺) nazo zinokuphazamisana ne-sodium cyanide titration. Kwindawo eneasidi, iFe³⁺ inokusabela ngeeayoni zecyanide ukwenza ii-iron ezahlukeneyo - iicomplexes zecyanide, ezifana ne-Prussian blue eyaziwa kakhulu - njengeekhompawundi. Ezi mpendulo zinokutya i-ion ze-cyanide kwaye ziphazamise i-stoichiometry ye-titration reaction phakathi kwe-ion zesilivere (ehlala isetyenziswa kwi-cyanide titration) kunye ne-cyanide ion. Ukongeza, kubukho be-oxygen, i-Fe²⁺ inokuthi ifakwe i-oxidized ukuya kwi-Fe³⁺, iqhube nzima ngakumbi imeko yokuphazamiseka.

Ukuphazamiseka kweAnionic

Sulfidi Ions

Iiyoni zesulfide (S²⁻) zizinto eziqhelekileyo zokuphazamisana nesodium cyanide titration. Kwi-alkaline medium, ukuba i-sulfide ikhona, inokusabela kunye ne-hydrogen ion ukusuka kwiimeko ze-acidic ezisetyenziswa kwezinye iinkqubo ze-titration (okanye zenze igesi ye-hydrogen sulfide enokuthi iqhube ngakumbi). Okubaluleke ngakumbi, i-sulfide inokusabela nge-ion zesilivere (esetyenziswa kwisilivere-nitrate-based cyanide titrations) ukwenza i-silver sulfide (Ag₂S) precipitate. Oku akudli nje kuphela ii-ion zesilivere, kodwa kwakhona kufihla isiphelo se-titration, njengoko ukubunjwa kwe-Ag₂S emnyama kunokuphazamisa ukubonwa okubonakalayo kwesilivere - i-cyanide complex-based endpoint.

I-Thiocyanate Ions

I-Thiocyanate ions (SCN⁻) ingabakho njengokuphazamiseka, ngakumbi kwiisampuli apho kukho icala elithile - ukusabela okanye ukungcoliswa. I-Thiocyanate ions inokusabela kunye ne-ion zesilivere ukwenza i-silver thiocyanate (AgSCN) precipitate. Kwi-sodium cyanide titration apho i-nitrate yesilivere isetyenziswa njenge-titrant, ukubunjwa kwe-AgSCN kunokukhokelela ekuqikelweni okungaphezulu komxholo we-cyanide ukuba akubalwanga ngokufanelekileyo, njengoko i-ion zesilivere zichithwa ekubunjweni kwesilivere - i-cyanide complexes kunye nesilivere ye-thiocyanate precipitate.

Ezinye izinto eziphazamisayo

Izinto eziphilayo

ezinye iikhompawundi eziphilayo inokuphazamisa i-sodium cyanide titration. Ngokomzekelo, ii-aldehydes ezithile kunye neeketoni zinokusabela kunye ne-cyanide ion kwi-nucleophilic reaction reaction phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Le mpendulo idla iiyoni ze-cyanide kwaye ke ichaphazela iziphumo ze-titration. Kwiisampulu ezivela kwiinkqubo zoshishino apho izinto eziphilayo zikhona, njengamanzi amdaka avela kwizityalo zemichiza ezinokuthi ziqulethe zombini i-cyanide ye-sodium kunye nezingcolisi eziphilayo, ukuphazamiseka kwezi zixhobo eziphilayo kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngononophelo.

Ii-Agent zokuNciphisa kunye ne-Oxidizing

Ii-oxidizing agents zinokukhupha ii-ion ze-cyanide. Ngokomzekelo, i-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) inokusabela kunye ne-cyanide ions ukwenza i-cyanate ions (CNO⁻) okanye ezinye iimveliso ezine-oxidized. Le mpendulo ye-oxidation inciphisa inani le-cyanide ekhoyo kwi-titration, okukhokelela kumlinganiselo ongachanekanga womxholo we-sodium cyanide. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ii-agent zokunciphisa nazo zinokuphazamisa. Umzekelo, izinto ezifana ne-sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) inokusabela kunye ne-ion zesilivere kwisilivere - i-nitrate-based titration, inciphisa ukuba ibe yisilivere yesinyithi okanye i-oxidation - iintlobo zesilivere zelizwe, eziphazamisa inkqubo yesiqhelo ye-titration.

isiphelo

Kwi-sodium cyanide uhlalutyo lwetitration, i-ioni zetsimbi, i-anions ezifana ne-sulfide kunye ne-thiocyanate, i-organic compounds, kunye ne-oxidizing okanye i-agent yokunciphisa zizinto eziqhelekileyo eziphazamisayo. Ukufumana iziphumo ezichanekileyo ze-titration, kuyimfuneko ukuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa imiphumo yolu kuphazamiseka. Oku kunokubandakanya ubuchule besampulu sonyango lwangaphambili olunjengokuhluza, ukutsalwa, okanye ukusetyenziswa kweearhente zokufihla. Ukuqonda oku kuphazamiseka kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekuphuculeni ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kwe-sodium cyanide yohlalutyo lwe-titration kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino kunye nohlalutyo.