Leliphi elona Xabiso le-pH elona liPhakamileyo leCyanide Leaching?

I-Cyanide leaching ibe sisiseko sokukhutshwa kwegolide kunye nesilivere kwi-mineral ores ukususela ekuphunyezweni kwayo kwimizi-mveliso ngo-1887. Le nkqubo ixhomekeke kwibhalansi ethambileyo yezinto ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali kunye nezokusingqongileyo, kunye nexabiso le-pH lesisombululo livelele njengeparameter ebaluleke kakhulu.

Ingqiqo yeMichiza eNgemva kwe-pH kwiCyanide Leaching

I-Cyanide, edla ngokuba yiSodium Cyanide (NaCN) okanye i-potassium cyanide (KCN), isebenza njengesixhobo esiphambili sokukhupha i-leaching. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisana kwayo negolide nesilivere kuchaphazeleka kakhulu linqanaba le-pH. I-Cyanide ikhona kwi-equilibrium ne-hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ikhompawundi enobuthi kakhulu neguquguqukayo. Kwimeko-bume ene-asidi (i-pH ephantsi), ibhalansi yeekhemikhali itshintshela ekwakhiweni kwegesi ye-HCN. Oku akubonisi nje kuphela umngcipheko omkhulu wokhuseleko kodwa kunciphisa nokufumaneka kwee-ion ze-cyanide zasimahla, ezifunekayo ekunyibilikiseni igolide nesilivere.

Ukuze igolide nesilivere zikhutshwe kakuhle , isisombululo kufuneka sigcinwe kwimeko ye-alkaline. Xa i-pH iphezulu, i-cyanide ihlala ikwimo yayo ye-ionic, ivumela ukuba yenze ii-complexes ezizinzileyo ngegolide nesilivere. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokutsalwa, ii-ion ze-hydroxide ziyaveliswa, nto leyo enegalelo ngakumbi kwi-alkaline yesisombululo.

Ukumisela uHlelo lwe-pH oluLungileyo

Izifundo ezininzi kunye neendlela zoshishino zichonge uluhlu olufanelekileyo lwe-pH yokutsalwa kweCyanide . Ngokubanzi, ixabiso le-pH elingaphezulu kwe-10.5 lithathwa njengelibalulekileyo, kwaye uninzi lwemisebenzi lujolise ekugcineni i-pH iphakathi kwe-11 kunye ne-12. Nasi isizathu:

• Ukwandisa iGolide enyibilikayo : Kwi-pH ngaphakathi kolu luhlu, izinga lokunyibilika kwegolide liyaphuculwa. Ukuphambuka kolu luhlu kunokukhokelela ekwehleni okukhulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokukhupha. Umzekelo, ukuba i-pH yehla ngaphantsi kwe-10.5, ukwakheka kwegesi ye-HCN kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwee-ion ze-cyanide zasimahla, okucothisa isantya sokuphendula ngegolide.

• Ukunciphisa Ukusetyenziswa kweCyanide : Ukusetyenziswa kweCyanide kunxulumene kakhulu nenqanaba le-pH. Amaxabiso aphantsi e-pH anokubangela ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide okwandisiweyo njengoko i-cyanide ingasebenzi kakuhle ekwenzeni ii-complexes. Ngokugcina i-pH ephezulu, uzinzo lwee-cyanide complexes luyaqinisekiswa, kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweCyanide okungeyomfuneko.

• Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kukhuseleko : Ngokwembono yokhuseleko, ukugcina i-pH ingaphezulu kwe-10.5 kubalulekile. Igesi ye-HCN iyingozi kakhulu, kwaye nokuba incinci kangakanani na inokuba yingozi. Ngokulawula i-pH ngaphakathi koluhlu olucetyiswayo, ukwakheka kwale gesi iyingozi kuyancitshiswa, kukhusela impilo nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi abasebenza kwimigodi nakwizakhiwo zokukhupha inkunkuma.

Izinto eziPhembelela i-pH eNgcono

• Ukwakhiwa kweOre : Iiore ezahlukeneyo zinokuba neendidi ezahlukeneyo zokungcola kunye neeminerali ezinokuchaphazela i-pH efanelekileyo. Umzekelo, iiore ezinomxholo ophezulu wesalfure zingafuna ukulungiswa kwe-pH eyahlukileyo kancinci, njengoko iikhompawundi ezinesalfure zinokusabela kwisisombululo se-cyanide kwaye zichaphazele imeko-bume yeekhemikhali iyonke.

• Ubushushu : Ubushushu benkqubo yokukhuhla bunokuchaphazela i-pH efanelekileyo. Njengoko ubushushu butshintsha, ukunyibilika kweoksijini kunye nesantya seempendulo zeekhemikhali ziyatshintsha. Ngokubanzi, njengoko ubushushu bukhula, i-hydrolysis ye-cyanide ngokwayo iyanda, kwaye ukunyibilika kweoksijini kuncipha. Oku kusenokufuna uhlengahlengiso oluncinci kwi-pH ukuze kugcinwe iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhuhla. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweenkqubo zokukhuhla i-cyanide zenziwa kumaqondo obushushu angqongileyo (malunga ne-15 - 30 °C) ukuze kuthintelwe ukubola kwe-cyanide kakhulu kunye nokulahleka kweoksijini.

Iindlela zoLawulo lwe-pH

• Ilayimu (CaO) kunye neCaustic Soda (NaOH) : Ezi zezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukulungisa nokugcina i-pH kwi-cyanide leaching. Ilayimu, xa yongezwa emanzini, yenza i-calcium hydroxide, ephendula kunye nezinto ezine-asidi kwisisombululo sokunyusa i-pH. I-Caustic soda (NaOH), isiseko esomeleleyo, ingasetyenziselwa ukunyusa i-pH ngokukhawuleza. Ukukhetha phakathi kwezi zimbini kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana neendleko, ukufumaneka, kunye neemfuno ezithile ze-ore ecutshungulwayo.

• IiSensors ze-pH : Ukuqinisekisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-pH, imisebenzi yokwemba yanamhlanje ixhomekeke kwiisensors ze-pH eziphambili. Ezi sensors zinokujonga rhoqo i-pH yesisombululo sokuntywila kwaye zibonelele ngedatha yexesha langempela. Ngokusekelwe kolu lwazi, abaqhubi banokulungisa ukongezwa kwee-reagents ezilawula i-pH ukuze kugcinwe uluhlu olufanelekileyo lwe-pH.

Elokuqukumbela, elona xabiso liphezulu le-pH ye-cyanide leaching likuluhlu lwe-11 - 12. Eli xabiso limiselwa yindibaniselwano yokusabela kweekhemikhali, iimfuno zokhuseleko, kunye nemfuneko yotsalo olusebenzayo lwegolide nesilivere. Ngokulawula ngononophelo i-pH kunye nezinye iiparamitha, iinkampani zemigodi zinokunyusa ukufunyanwa kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ngelixa zinciphisa umngcipheko wokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko.