Leliphi elona Xabiso le-pH elona liPhakamileyo leCyanide Leaching?

I-Cyanide leaching ibe sisiseko sokukhutshwa kwegolide kunye nesilivere kwi-mineral ores ukususela ekuphunyezweni kwayo kwimizi-mveliso ngo-1887. Le nkqubo ixhomekeke kwibhalansi ethambileyo yezinto ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali kunye nezokusingqongileyo, kunye nexabiso le-pH lesisombululo livelele njengeparameter ebaluleke kakhulu.

Ingqiqo yeMichiza eNgemva kwe-pH kwiCyanide Leaching

I-Cyanide, ngokuqhelekileyo ikwimo ye Isodium cyanide (NaCN) okanye i-potassium i-cyanide (KCN), isebenza njenge-arhente ephambili yokuxhoma. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisana kwayo negolide kunye nesilivere kuphenjelelwa kakhulu yinqanaba le-pH. I-Cyanide ikhona kwi-equilibrium kunye ne-hydrogen cyanide (HCN), i-compound enetyhefu kakhulu kunye ne-volatile. Kwindawo eneasidi (i-pH ephantsi), ibhalansi yeekhemikhali itshintshela ekuyilweni kwegesi yeHCN. Oku akubeki kuphela imingcipheko enzima yokhuseleko kodwa kwakhona kunciphisa ukufumaneka kweeyoni ze-cyanide zamahhala, eziyimfuneko ekunyibilikiseni igolide nesilivere.

Ngegolide esebenzayo kunye Ukutsalwa kwesilivere, isisombululo kufuneka sigcinwe kwi-alkaline state. Xa i-pH iphezulu, i-cyanide ubukhulu becala ihlala ikwimo ye-ionic, eyivumela ukuba yenze izakhiwo ezizinzileyo ezinegolide nesilivere. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokucoca, i-ion hydroxide iveliswa, igalelo elingakumbi kwi-alkalinity yesisombululo.

Ukumisela uHlelo lwe-pH oluLungileyo

Izifundo ezininzi kunye nezenzo zemizi-mveliso zichonge uluhlu lwe-pH olufanelekileyo Ukukhutshwa kwe-cyanide. Ngokubanzi, ixabiso le-pH elingaphezulu kwe-10.5 libonwa liyimfuneko, kwaye uninzi lwemisebenzi lujolise ekugcineni i-pH phakathi kwe-11 kunye ne-12. Nasi isizathu:

• Ukwandisa ukuNcitshiswa kweGolide: Kwi-pH ngaphakathi kolu luhlu, izinga lokuchithwa kwegolide liphuculwe. Ukuphambuka kolu luhlu kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni okubonakalayo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokutsalwa. Umzekelo, ukuba i-pH yehla ngaphantsi kwe-10.5. ukubunjwa kwegesi yeHCN kunciphisa ukuxinwa kwee-ion ze-cyanide zamahhala, ukunciphisa ukusabela ngegolide.

• Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweCyanide: Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo kwinqanaba le-pH. Amaxabiso asezantsi e-pH anokubangela ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide njengoko i-cyanide isiya ingasebenzi kakuhle ekwenzeni ii-complexes. Ngokugcina i-pH ephezulu, ukuzinza kwe-cyanide complexes kuqinisekiswa, ukunciphisa okungadingekile Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide.

• Iingqwalaselo zoKhuseleko: Ukusuka kumbono wokhuseleko, ukugcina i-pH ngaphezu kwe-10.5 kubalulekile. Irhasi yeHCN inetyhefu egqithisileyo, kwaye nemilinganiselo emincinci inokubulala. Ngokulawula i-pH phakathi koluhlu olucetyiswayo, ukubunjwa kwale gesi iyingozi kuncitshiswa, ukukhusela impilo kunye nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi kwizibonelelo zemigodi kunye nezokukhutshwa.

Izinto eziPhembelela i-pH eNgcono

• Ukuqulunqwa kwentsimbi: Ii-ore ezahlukeneyo zinokuqulatha ukungcola okwahlukeneyo kunye neeminerali ezinokuchaphazela eyona pH ilungileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ii-ores ezinomxholo ophezulu wesulfure zinokufuna ukulungiswa kwe-pH eyahluke kancinane, njengoko isulfure equlethe iikhompawundi zinokusabela ngesisombululo secyanide kwaye zibe nefuthe kubume bemichiza jikelele.

• iqondo lobushushu: Ubushushu benkqubo yokukhupha amanzi bunokuchaphazela neyona pH ilungileyo. Njengoko iqondo lokushisa litshintsha, ukunyibilika kweoksijini kunye nesantya sokuphendula kweekhemikhali kuyatshintshwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, njengoko iqondo lokushisa lisanda, i-self-hydrolysis ye-cyanide iyanda, kunye ne-solubility ye-oksijini iyancipha. Oku kusenokufuna uhlengahlengiso oluncinane kwi-pH ukugcina ezona meko zilungileyo zokucoca. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweenkqubo zokuvuza kwecyanide zenziwa kumaqondo obushushu ahlala (malunga ne-15 - 30 °C) ukunqanda ukubola okugqithisileyo kwecyanide kunye nokulahleka kweoksijini.

Iindlela zoLawulo lwe-pH

• Ikalika (CaO) kunye neCaustic Soda (NaOH): Ezi zezona ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kunye nokugcina i-pH kwi-cyanide leaching. Ikalika, xa idityaniswe emanzini, yenza i-calcium hydroxide, ephendula kunye namalungu e-acidic kwisisombululo sokwandisa i-pH. I-Caustic soda (NaOH), isiseko esomeleleyo, singasetyenziselwa ukuphakamisa i-pH ngokukhawuleza. Ukhetho phakathi kwezi zimbini luxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana neendleko, ukufumaneka, kunye neemfuno ezithile zentsimbi ekrwada elungiswayo.

• Iinzwa ze-pH: Ukuqinisekisa ulawulo lwe-pH oluchanekileyo, imisebenzi yemigodi yanamhlanje ixhomekeke kwi-pH sensors. Ezi zinzwa zinokubeka iliso ngokuqhubekayo i-pH yesisombululo se-leaching kunye nokubonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela. Ngokusekelwe kule datha, abaqhubi banokuhlengahlengisa ukongezwa kwe-pH - ii-reagents zokulawula ukugcina uluhlu lwe-pH oluphezulu.

Elokuqukumbela, elona xabiso liphezulu le-pH ye-cyanide leaching likuluhlu lwe-11 - 12. Eli xabiso limiselwa yindibaniselwano yokusabela kweekhemikhali, iimfuno zokhuseleko, kunye nemfuneko yotsalo olusebenzayo lwegolide nesilivere. Ngokulawula ngononophelo i-pH kunye nezinye iiparamitha, iinkampani zemigodi zinokunyusa ukufunyanwa kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ngelixa zinciphisa umngcipheko wokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko.