Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweGold Cyanide Leaching: Amaqhinga kunye nokuqonda

intshayelelo

igolide i-cyanide i-leaching ime njengelitye lembombo kushishino lwemigodi yegolide, idume ngokusebenza kwayo ekukhupheni igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada. Ngokusebenzisa izisombululo ze-cyanide, le nkqubo inyibilika igolide, iququzelela ukubuyiswa okulandelayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo ixesha elide kunye nerekhodi eqinisekisiweyo yenze ukuba ibe yinto ekhethwayo kwimisebenzi emininzi yemigodi. Nangona kunjalo, kwishishini eliqhutywa kukusebenza kunye nokuzinza, ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo ye-cyanide leaching kubalulekile. Esi sithuba sebhlog sijonga kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe Igolide cyanide leaching, ukuphonononga zombini ukulungelelaniswa kwemveli kunye nobuchule bokusika.

Ukuqonda iNkqubo yeGold Cyanide Leaching

Iziseko zeCyanide Leaching

Kwigolide yecyanide leaching, i-cyanide ion (CN⁻) isabela ngegolide xa kukho ioksijini ukuze yenze igolide enyibilikayo - iicomplexes zecyanide. Ukusabela ngokubanzi kunokwenziwa lula ngolu hlobo:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Oku kusabela kwenzeka ngamanyathelo amabini aphambili. Okokuqala, igolide ifakwa ioksijini, emva koko igolide ene-oxidized idibana ne-cyanide ion ukuze yenze into enyibilikayo. Inkqubo yokuvuza inokuqhutywa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, njengakwiitanki ezinkulu zokuvuza -i-tanki evuzayo (esetyenziselwa i-ores yodidi oluphezulu okanye i-concentrate) okanye kwiimfumba zokuvuza kweemfumba (ezifanele i-ores yomgangatho ophantsi).

IiParameters eziphambili ezichaphazela ukuSebenza ngokuSebenzayo

1. Ugxininiso lweCyanide: Ukugcina ugxininiso lwe-cyanide olufanelekileyo lubalulekile. Ukuba ugxininiso luphantsi kakhulu, ukuchithwa kwegolide kunokungaphelelanga. Ngokwahlukileyo, ugxininiso oluphezulu alunyusi nje ixabiso le-cyanide kodwa lubeka nemingcipheko yokusingqongileyo. Kwii-ores ezininzi, i-cyanide concentration kuluhlu lwe-0.05 - 0.1% lusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, kodwa oku kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwiimpawu ze-ore.

2. Ukufumaneka kweoksijini: Ioksijini yinto ephambili yokusabela kwigolide-cyanide reaction. Ukubonelelwa ngeoksijini okwaneleyo kunokukhawulezisa kakhulu izinga le-leaching. Xa iitanki ivuza, umoya okanye ioksijini ecocekileyo ingangeniswa kwiitanki ezivuzayo. Umlinganiselo we-cyanide kwi-oksijini (CN⁻/O₂) nayo ichaphazela indlela yokusabela. Xa i-CN⁻/O₂ > 6. ukusabela kulawulwa ikakhulu yi-oxygen diffusion, ngelixa i-CN⁻/O₂ < 6. ilawulwa yi-cyanide diffusion.

3. Inqanaba le-pH: I-pH yesisombululo se-leaching idlala indima ebalulekileyo. Indawo ephezulu ye-alkaline (ngokuqhelekileyo i-pH 10 - 11) igcinwa ukukhusela i-hydrolysis ye-cyanide kwi-hydrogen cyanide (HCN), igesi enetyhefu kunye ne-volatile. Ikalika (CaO) isoloko yongezwa ukulungisa nokugcina i-pH.

4. iqondo lobushushu: Ukunyusa ubushushu kunokunyusa izinga lokusabela. Nangona kunjalo, iqondo lokushisa lihlala lilinganiselwe malunga ne-25 - 40 ° C. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni okwandisiweyo kwecyanide ngenxa yokusabela kwamacala kunye nokuphuma komphunga.

Izicwangciso-qhinga zokuphucula ukuSebenza ngokuGunyazileyo

Ukuphucula Iiparamitha zeNkqubo

1. UkuSila kunye noLawulo lweSizinzi seNcam: Ukuqinisekisa ukucolwa ngokufanelekileyo kwentsimbi ngundoqo. Ubungakanani bamasuntswana acocekileyo aveza indawo engaphezulu yegolide-ethwele iiminerali kwisisombululo secyanide, iququzelela ukuvuza ngokukhawuleza nangokupheleleyo. Umzekelo, kumgodi wegolide eMzantsi Afrika, ukunciphisa ubungakanani besuntswana lentsimbi ekrwada ukusuka kwi-75μm ukuya kwi-53μm kunyuse izinga lokubuyiswa kwegolide nge-8% kwinkqubo yokuvuza kwecyanide.

2. Ukuvuselela kunye nokuphazamiseka: Kwi-tank leaching, ukuvuselela okusebenzayo kuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okufanayo kwee-particle ore, isisombululo se-cyanide, kunye ne-oksijini kwitanki. Oku kuphucula uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwee-reactants kunye nokwandisa izinga lokuvuza. Iisistim ezikwinqanaba eliphambili leentshukumo ezinoguquguquko - iinjini zesantya zinokuhlengahlengiswa ngokweemfuno ezithile zentsimbi ekrwada kunye neemeko zokuvuza.

3. Leaching Time Optimization: Ukumisela ixesha elifanelekileyo leaching liyibhalansi. Ukukhutshwa kwexesha elide kunokunyusa ukubuyiswa kwegolide kodwa kukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni okuphezulu kwecyanide kunye neendleko zokusebenza. Ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo zaselabhorethri kunye nenkqubo yokwenza imodeli, elona xesha lilungileyo lokucoca linokumiselwa kwiindidi zeore ezahlukeneyo. Kwezinye ii-ore zodidi oluphezulu, ixesha lokuvuza eliziiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48 linokwanela, lo gama kwii-ore ezintsonkothileyo, linokwandiswa ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-72 nangaphezulu.

Ukusebenzisa izongezo kunye nabakhuthazi

1. Iiarhente zeOxidizing: Ukongezwa kwee-oxidizing agents ezifana ne-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), i-sodium peroxide (Na₂O₂), okanye i-calcium peroxide (i-CaO₂) inokuphucula ukuchithwa kwegolide. Ezi oxidants zonyusa umxholo weoksijini onyibilikisiweyo kwi-slurry kwaye zikhawulezisa i-oxidation yegolide. Ngokomzekelo, kuphononongo kwi-ore yegolide e-refractory e-Australia, ukongeza i-H₂O₂ kwi-concentration ye-2 kg / t ye-ore yonyusa izinga legolide le-leaching ukusuka kwi-70% ukuya kwi-85% ngexesha elifanayo le-leaching.

2. Iityuwa zeMetal enzima: Ezinye iityuwa zetsimbi ezinzima, ezifana neetyuwa ezikhokelayo (umzekelo, i-Pb (NO₃) ₂), zinokusebenza njengabakhuthazi kwinkqubo ye-cyanide leaching. Benza iiseli ze-galvanic zendawo ngegolide, ukukhawuleza ukuchithwa kwegolide. Kwisityalo saseCanada se-cyanide, ukongeza i-Pb (NO₃) ₂ incede ukugcina i-oksijini edibeneyo edibeneyo kwisiphaluka se-cyanide kwaye yoyisa imiphumo emibi ye-sulfide minerals kwi-cyanidation.

3. Iiarhente ezintsonkothileyo: Ii-ejenti eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana ne-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) zingasetyenziselwa ukucoca ngokungcola kwi-ore, njengobhedu, i-zinc, kunye ne-iron ions. Oku kunciphisa ukukhuphisana kobu kungcola ngegolide kwiiyoni ze-cyanide, ukuphucula igolide Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching.

Ubuchwephesha bokuLeaching obuPhambili

1. Ioksijini-Etyetyisiweyo Leaching: Eyaziwa nangokuthi yiCIG (iCarbon - in - Gold) inkqubo ye-oxygenation, le ndlela ibandakanya ukuzalisa i-oksijini ecocekileyo kwi-tank leaching endaweni yomoya oxinyiweyo. Ukonyuka komxholo we-oksijini onyibilikileyo kwi-slurry kukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza isantya sokuvuza. Ioksijini - i-leaching ephuculweyo inokunciphisa ixesha lokuvuza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50% xa kuthelekiswa nomoya wesintu - iindlela zokuvuza kunye nokuphucula izinga legolide le-leaching nge-10 - 20%.

2. UkuLeaching ngoxinzelelo: Uxinzelelo lwe-cyanide leaching lwenziwa kwisitya soxinzelelo. Ukwandisa uxinzelelo kwandisa ukunyibilika kweoksijini kunye ne-cyanide kwisisombululo kwaye kukhawulezise izinga lokuphendula. Ngoxinzelelo lwe-2 × 10⁵ Pa, izinga lokuchithwa kwegolide linokuba ngama-10 - amaxesha angama-20 phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo. Le teknoloji isebenza ngokukodwa kwiintsimbi zegolide ezikhanyelayo.

3. I-Ultrasonic-iNcediswa yokuLeaching: Amaza e-Ultrasonic angangeniswa ngexesha lenkqubo ye-leaching. Amandla e-ultrasonic adala ama-bubbles e-cavitation kwisigaba se-liquid, esiwa kwaye sivelise i-high-pressure kunye ne-high-high-high-temperature micro - environments. Oku kunceda ukucoca umphezulu wamasuntswana egolide, ukwaphula umaleko we-diffusion ejikeleze amasuntswana, kunye nokukhuthaza ukungena kwesisombululo se-cyanide kwi-ore, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhupha.

Inkqubo yokuJonga noLawulo

1. Abahlalutyi be-Intanethi: Ukusebenzisa abahlalutyi be-intanethi kwiiparameters ezifana nokugxininiswa kwe-cyanide, umxholo we-oksijini, i-pH, kunye nogxininiso lwegolide kwi-leachate ivumela ukubeka iliso ngexesha lokwenyani lenkqubo yokucoca. Ngokomzekelo, i-analyzer ye-cyanide ye-intanethi inokubona utshintsho kwi-concentration ye-cyanide ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana, ivumela abaqhubi ukuba bahlengahlengise isantya sokongeza i-cyanide ngokukhawuleza.

2. Iinkqubo zolawulo oluzenzekelayo: Iinkqubo zokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo zingasetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuguquguquka kwenkqubo ngokusekelwe kwidatha evela kubahlalutyi be-intanethi. Ngokomzekelo, ukongezwa kwe-cyanide, i-lime, kunye ne-oxidizing agents kunokuhlengahlengiswa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokwexabiso elisetyenzisiweyo lokugxilwa kwe-cyanide kunye ne-pH. Oku kunciphisa impazamo yomntu kwaye kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwenkqubo yokucoca.

isiphelo

Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-cyanide leaching yegolide ngumsebenzi oneenkalo ezininzi obandakanya ukuphuculwa kweeparamitha zenkqubo yemveli, usebenzisa izongezo kunye nabakhuthazi, ukwamkela. Itekhnoloji yokufundisa ekwinqanaba eliphezulu, kunye nokuphumeza inkqubo esebenzayo yokubeka iliso nokulawula iinkqubo. Ngokuphumeza ezi zicwangciso, imisebenzi yemigodi inokuphucula amazinga okubuyisela igolide, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide, kunye nokuphucula uqoqosho kunye nokuzinza ngokubanzi. Njengoko ishishini lemigodi yegolide liqhubeka nokuvela, uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kwitekhnoloji ye-cyanide leaching kuya kubaluleka ukuhlangabezana nemingeni yobunzima bentsimbi kunye nemithetho yokusingqongileyo.