Unyango lweCyanide kuMgodi weGolide iintsalela zezimbiwa ngeFerrous Sulfate

intshayelelo

Iintsalela zemigodi yegolide zihlala ziqulathe amanqanaba aphezulu e- cyanide , enobuthi kakhulu kwaye ibeka umngcipheko omkhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwimpilo yabantu. Ukulahlwa ngokungafanelekanga kwezi ntsalela kunokukhokelela ekungcolisweni komhlaba, imithombo yamanzi, nomoya. Ke ngoko, iindlela zonyango ezisebenzayo zokususa i-cyanide kwiintsalela zemigodi yegolide zibalulekile. Phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango, i-ferrous sulfate ivele njenge-reagent esetyenziswa rhoqo kwaye engabizi kakhulu. Eli nqaku liza kujonga ukusetyenziswa kwe-ferrous sulfate ekunyangeni i-cyanide kwiintsalela zemigodi yegolide, ligubungela imiba efana neendlela zokusabela, iimeko zokusebenza, ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo, kunye neenzuzo.

Iindlela zokusabela

Ukwenziwa kweFerrocyanide Complexes

I-Ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄) iqulethe ii-ion ze-ferrous (Fe²⁺). Xa i-ferrous sulfate yongezwa kwiintsila zemigodi yegolide equlethe i-cyanide, ii-ion ze-ferrous zisabela nge-ioni ye-cyanide yamahhala (CN⁻) kwiimbilini. Eyona ndlela yokusabela kukwenziwa kwe-ferrocyanide complexes, enokumelwa yikhemikhali equation: Fe²⁺ + 6CN⁻ → Fe(CN)₆⁴⁻. Oku kusabela linyathelo lokuqala kwinkqubo yokusebenzisa i-ferrous sulfate ukunyanga i-cyanide-equlethe iintsalela.

Isizukulwana sePrussian Blue

Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezithile, xa ukugqithisa kwe-ferrous sulfate yongezwa kwi-cyanide - enesisombululo, ukusabela okungaphezulu kwenzeka. I-Cyanide iguqulwa ibe yimvula enganyibilikiyo eyaziwa ngokuba yiferric ferrocyanide, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yiPrussian blue. Ukuphendulwa kweekhemikhali ekubunjweni kwe-Prussian eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuyinkimbinkimbi kwaye ingenziwa lula ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: emva kokuqulunqwa kwe-ferrocyanide complexes, i-ion ezongezelelweyo ze-ferrous zisabela nge-Fe (CN)₆⁴⁻ ukwenza i-Fe₄ (Fe (CN)₆)₃. Le precipitate enganyibilikiyo iluncedo njengoko inciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuxinana kwe-cyanide yasimahla kwiintsalela zezimbiwa, isenza ukuba iintsalela zibe netyhefu encinci.

Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba impendulo ayisoloko ingqalileyo. I-Prussian eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka inokubakho ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zesisombululo. Enye ifom enjalo "yi-soluble Prussian blue," emelwe yi-MFeⅢ(FeⅡ(CN)₆) (M = K okanye i-Na), eyenza isisombululo se-colloidal ngamanzi. Ukongeza, imvula kunye neempendulo ze-oxidation ezibandakanya i-ferrous hydroxide nazo zidlala indima kwinkqubo iyonke.

Imiqathango yokuSebenza

Ixabiso le-pH

Ixabiso le-pH yesisombululo lichaphazela kakhulu ukusabela phakathi kwe-ferrous sulfate kunye ne-cyanide. Olona luhlu lwe-pH lwempendulo luqhelekile phakathi kwe-5.5 kunye ne-6.5. Kolu luhlu lwe-pH, ukusabela phakathi kwe-ion ye-ferrous kunye ne-cyanide yeyona nto ikhawulezayo kwaye icokisekileyo. Xa i-pH iphantsi kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-4), ii-ion ze-ferrocyanide aziqinisekanga. Zinokusabela zenze i-pentacyano - i-iron (II) iikhompleksi (Fe(CN)₅H₂O)³⁻, ezithi ke zifakwe kwi-oxidized ngokukhawuleza kwii-ion ze-ferricyanide (Fe(CN)₆³⁻). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, xa i-pH iphezulu kune-7. i-Prussian eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enganyibilikiyo inokubola, yenze i-ion ye-ferrocyanide kunye ne-iron oxides ezahlukeneyo ezinganyibilikiyo, ezingathandekiyo ukususwa kwe-cyanide.

Umthamo weFerrous sulfate

Idosi ye-ferrous sulfate kufuneka ilawulwe ngononophelo. Kufuneka kumiselwe ngokomxholo we-cyanide kwimisila kunye nomgangatho wamanzi. Ukuba idosi iphantsi kakhulu, akunakwenzeka ukususa ngokupheleleyo i-cyanide. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba idosi iphezulu kakhulu, ayizukubangela inkcitho kuphela kodwa inokwazisa nongcoliseko olutsha. Ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo, kufunyenwe ukuba umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo we-molar we-Fe ukuya kwi-CN⁻ ngu-0.5. Lo mlinganiselo uqinisekisa ukususwa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-cyanide ngelixa unciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-ferrous sulfate.

Ixesha lokuxuba kunye ne-Sedimentation

Ukuxuba okwaneleyo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-ion ye-ferrous kunye ne-cyanide inokuqhagamshelana ngokupheleleyo kunye nokusabela. Ixesha elaneleyo lokuxuba livumela ukusabalalisa okulinganayo kwe-reactants kwisisombululo, ukukhuthaza izinga lokuphendula. Emva kokusabela, ixesha elifanelekileyo le-sedimentation liyafuneka. Eli xesha liluncedo ekwenzeni i-precipitates ezinzile kunye nokunciphisa i-cyanide concentration kumanzi amdaka. Amaxesha athile okuxuba kunye ne-sedimentation anokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yangempela, njengokugxilwa kwe-cyanide kwi-tailings kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa unyango.

Izicelo eziSebenzayo

Uphononongo olungumzekelo lweProjekthi yoNyango lweMisalela yeGolide

Kwiprojekthi ethile yokunyanga iintsalela zezimbiwa zegolide, inkqubo edibeneyo ye-ferrous sulfate nekalika yamkelwa. Okokuqala, isixa esifanelekileyo se-lime songezwa kumanzi e-tailings ukulungisa ixabiso le-pH kuluhlu olufanelekileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo 5.5 - 6.5). Eli nyathelo linceda ukukhuthaza inguqu kunye nemvula ye-cyanide. Emva koko, i-ferrous sulfate yongezwa emanzini, kwaye ngokuvuselela, ii-ion ze-ferrous zasabela ngokupheleleyo kunye ne-cyanide ukuze zenze i-Prussian blue kunye nezinye iimvula. Ekugqibeleni, emva kwemvula kunye namanyathelo okucoca, amanzi amdaka ahlambulukileyo afunyenwe. Iimisila eziphathwayo zidibene nemigangatho efanelekileyo yokusingqongileyo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokusingqongileyo kakhulu.

Ukudityaniswa nezinye iiReagents

I-Ferrous sulfate isoloko isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa nezinye ii-reagents ukuphucula umphumo wonyango. Umzekelo, isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kunye ne-high-molecular flocculants njenge-polyacrylamide. I-Polyacrylamide inokuphucula ukudityaniswa kwemvula, yenze inkqubo yentlenga isebenze ngakumbi. Le nkqubo yonyango edibeneyo ayisusi kuphela ngokufanelekileyo izinto ezinobungozi kwi-tailings kodwa inciphisa iindleko zonyango kunye nokuphucula unyango olusebenzayo. Ngokwandisa idosi kunye nolandelelwano lokongezwa kweerejenti ezahlukeneyo, iziphumo ezingcono zonyango zinokufezekiswa.

Izinto eziluncedo zokusebenzisa iFerrous sulfate

Iindleko - ukusebenza kakuhle

I-Ferrous sulfate ayibizi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye ii-reagents ezisetyenziselwa unyango lwecyanide. Ukufumaneka kwayo ngokubanzi kwiimarike kwenza kube yinto ekhangayo kwiinkampani zemigodi yegolide. Ukusebenzisa i-ferrous sulfate kunokwehlisa kakhulu iindleko zonyango lweentsalela zezimbiwa, ingakumbi kwimigodi yegolide emikhulu evelisa isixa esikhulu seentsalela zezimbiwa. Ezi ndleko - ukusebenza ngempumelelo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokuzinzileyo kwamashishini okomba igolide.

Inkqubo yoNyango oluLula

Inkqubo yonyango usebenzisa i-ferrous sulfate ilula. Emva kokongeza i-sulfate ye-ferrous kwi-tailings kunye nokulungelelanisa iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuphendula, ukuhlukana okulandelayo kunye namanyathelo okumisa imvula ngokuthe ngqo. Kwezinye iimeko, amanzi amdaka aphathwa nge-ferrous sulfate ayifuni amanyathelo antsonkothileyo okwahlula ngaphambi kokuba adlulele kwinkqubo elandelayo yonyango, egcina iiyunithi zokusabela kwaye yenza lula inkqubo yonyango iyonke. Oku kulula kwakhona kwenza kube lula kubaqhubi ukulawula nokulawula inkqubo yonyango.

Imingeni kunye neeNjongo zexesha elizayo

Impembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo yeemveliso

Nangona unyango lwe-ferrous sulfate lunokususa ngokusebenzayo icyanide kwiintsalela zezimbiwa zegolide, iimveliso eziveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo, ezifana nentsimbi ethile - equlathe imvula, zinokuba neempembelelo ezinokuthi zibe kho kokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba azilahlwanga ngokufanelekileyo, ezi zimvula zinokukhupha ii-iron okanye ezinye izinto kwindalo esingqongileyo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Uphando lwexesha elizayo luyafuneka ukuphonononga iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuphatha ezi mveliso ukunciphisa isiseko sendalo esingqongileyo.

UkuPhuculwa kweeMeko zoNyango kwiiTailings ezahlukeneyo

Iintsalela zezimbiwa zegolide zinokwahluka kakhulu ekubunjweni kunye neepropathi ukusuka komnye umgodi ukuya kwenye. Iimeko zangoku zonyango ezilolona ziphezulu ze-ferrous sulfate, ezifana nexabiso le-pH, idosi, kunye nexesha lokusabela, kunokufuna ukuphuculwa ngakumbi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsalela. Uphando olunzulu oluthe kratya luyafuneka ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yonyango ebhetyebhetye ngakumbi neguquguqukayo enokuthi isetyenziswe kuluhlu olubanzi lweentsalela zezimbiwa zegolide, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza konyango lwecyanide.

Ukuqukumbela, i-ferrous sulfate sisixhobo esixabisekileyo sokunyanga i-cyanide kwiintsalela zezimbiwa zegolide. Ngokuqonda iindlela zayo zokusabela, ukulungelelanisa iimeko zokusebenza, kunye nokuphonononga usetyenziso olusebenzayo, inokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yemisebenzi yokomba igolide. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuculo lusafuneka ukujongana nemingeni ehambelana nale ndlela yonyango kunye nokwenza ishishini lemigodi yegolide lizinze ngakumbi.