IMercury (Hg) iMveliso, iMithombo kunye neSishwankathelo soShishino | United Chemical

intshayelelo

I-Mercury (Hg) yintsimbi enzima ebalulekileyo ngokwembali kodwa enobungozi kakhulu. Iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo - ulwelo kubushushu begumbi, umbane ophezulu kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukuxuba - kukhokelele ekusetyenzisweni ngokubanzi kwimizi-mveliso kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ukwanda kolwazi malunga neengozi zokusingqongileyo nempilo ezinxulumene ne -mercury kukhokelele kwizenzo zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana neSivumelwano saseMinamata sokuthintela okanye ukuphelisa ukusetyenziswa okuninzi kwe-MERCURY kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nokulawula ungcoliseko.

Eli nqaku leendaba lenkampani ngu United Chemical inikeza isishwankathelo esicacileyo, sobuchule Mercury imithombo kunye neendlela zokubuyisela, iimpawu zomgangatho wemveliso kunye nothelekiso ngomthombo, ikhonkco lexabiso leshishini, imimandla yolawulo kunye norhwebo, kunye nokuthotyelwa koshishino olusebenzayo kunye neengcebiso zolawulo lomngcipheko.

Inqaku lokhuseleko : I-Mercury kunye neekhompawundi zayo zinobungozi kwimithambo-luvo kwaye zihlala zikho kwindalo. Nakuphi na ukuphathwa, ukubuyiswa, ukuthuthwa okanye ukusetyenziswa kufuneka kulandele imithetho yesizwe, izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemigaqo yempahla eyingozi.

1. Yintoni imekyuri? (mfutshane)

I-Elemental mercury (Hg) yintsimbi eshinyeneyo elulwelo kwiimeko ezingqongileyo kwaye inokumka ibe ngumphunga kwaye isasazeke kwimo engqongileyo. I-Mercury ivela kwiintlobo ezininzi:

• I-mercury ye-elemental (Hg⁰) — yesinyithi, eguquguqukayo;

• Iityuwa zemercury ezingaphiliyo — umz., i-mercuric chloride (HgCl₂);

• I-mercury yendalo — efana ne-methylmercury, eqokelelana kwimixokelelwane yokutya kwaye ibeka iingozi ezinkulu kwimpilo.

I-Mercury ekhutshwe emoyeni nasemanzini inokuguqulwa kwaye i-bioaccumulated, ibangele iimpembelelo zexesha elide ze-ikholoji kunye nempilo yabantu.

2. Imithombo ephambili kunye neendidi zokubuyisela (umbono ophezulu wezinga eliphezulu)

Ubonelelo lwe-mercury kwihlabathi liphela luvela kakhulu kwimigodi yokuqala (i-cinnabar/HgS) kunye nemijelo ephinda isetyenziswe (iimveliso eziphuma kwimizi-mveliso kunye nenkunkuma eqokelelweyo) . Iindidi zemithombo ephambili zezi:

1. Imigodi yokuqala kunye nokunyibilikiswa (i-cinnabar)

• Isishwankathelo : Ukwembiwa kwe-cinnabar (HgS) kunye nokunyibilikisa i-cinnabar yakudala kuvelisa i-elemental mercury ngokufudumeza kunye nokufuma. Izixhobo zanamhlanje ezihambelanayo zinokuvelisa i-mercury ecocekileyo kakhulu emva konyango olufanelekileyo.

• Iingxaki : Ukunyibilikisa izinto ezincinci ngokungalawulwayo kubangela ungcoliseko olukhulu kunye neengozi zempilo; amazwe amaninzi ayayithintela okanye ayayithintela imisebenzi enjalo.

2. Ukubuyiswa kwemveliso yemveliso kunye nokulawulwa ngokutsha

• Isishwankathelo : I-Mercury ifunyanwa ngakumbi kwimithombo yenkunkuma eqokelelweyo—izibane ze-fluorescent, iiswitshi kunye neerelayini, izixhobo zonyango, inkunkuma ye-elektroniki kunye nenkunkuma yelebhu—ize iphuculwe kwiindawo ezilawulwayo.

• Inzuzo : Ukuphinda usebenzise izinto kunciphisa umthwalo wokusingqongileyo kwaye kuphucula ukulandeleka kunye nokuthobela imithetho.

3. Ukumbiwa kwegolide kwezobuGcisa kunye nakwizinga elincinci (ASGM)

• Isishwankathelo : Kwiindawo ezithile i-ASGM isebenzisa i-mercury ukwenza i-amalgams ukuze kubuyiselwe igolide.

• Umgaqo-nkqubo : Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ASGM mercury yeyona nto iphambili ekujoliswe kuyo ekunciphiseni phantsi kweSivumelwano saseMinamata kunye neenkqubo zesizwe ezikhuthaza ezinye iindlela.

4. Izitokhwe zembali kunye nokudilizwa kwezixhobo

• Isishwankathelo : Ukususwa kwezixhobo ezindala kunye nokulahlwa kweemveliso ezindala nako kuvelisa i-mercury enokufunyanwa, kodwa umgangatho kunye neeprofayili zongcoliseko ziyahluka kakhulu kwaye zifuna ukucutshungulwa ngononophelo.

3. Umgangatho womthombo/uthelekiso lomgangatho wemveliso kunye neemetriki eziphambili

Amaqela okuthenga kunye nokuthotyelwa kufuneka abeke phambili ezi metrics zilandelayo kwiZatifikethi zoHlahlelo (COA):

• Umxholo weHg / ubumsulwa bezinto ezisisiseko (%) ;

• Iintsalela zemercury yendalo (methylmercury) ;

• Iiparamitha zokhuseleko ezinxulumene nokuguquguquka kunye noxinzelelo lomphunga ;

• ukungcola okungaphiliyo (iikhompawundi ze-As, Pb, S, ii-particles) ;

• Ukufuma kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo zoomatshini ;

• Ifomu kunye nokupakishwa (i-elemental liquid Hg, iityuwa, ii-alloys; iinkcukacha zezinto zesikhongozeli).

Uthelekiso oluphezulu ngokwemvelaphi :

• Ukwembiwa kwemigodi okuphambili (izityalo ezithobela imithetho) : Ubumsulwa obuphezulu bunokufezekiswa ukuba ukukhutshwa kwenkunkuma kunye nonyango lwenkunkuma kulawulwa; ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kubalulekile.

• Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ngendlela elawulwayo : Ngokucocwa kwanamhlanje, i-mercury ephinda isetyenziswe inokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezicocekileyo kakhulu kwaye ikhethwa ngenxa yezizathu zokusingqongileyo.

• Imithombo yembali/yokudiliza : Umgangatho oguqukayo; idla ngokufuna ukucocwa okongeziweyo.

• Imithombo ye-ASGM : Ingcoliseke kakhulu kwaye ayamkelekanga kwiindlela zokubonelela ezisemthethweni.

4. Ikhonkco lexabiso leshishini (phezulu - phakathi - ezantsi)

Umsinga - imithombo kunye nezixhobo

• Imithombo : iintsimbi ze-cinnabar, inkunkuma yemizi-mveliso (izibane, iiswitshi, izixhobo zonyango), amasheya embali.

• Izixhobo kunye neenkonzo : iinkqubo zokufunxa/zokubamba ezivaliweyo, iiyunithi zokufunxa/zokufunxa, izixhobo zokucoca, iilebhu zokuvavanya eziqinisekisiweyo, ukupakishwa kweempahla ezinobungozi kunye nothutho.

Midstream — ukucokiswa, uvavanyo kunye norhwebo

• Imisebenzi : ukunyibilikisa/ukucoca, uvavanyo lwelebhu (COA/MSDS), ukupakisha kunye nokubhala iilebheli, ukuthotyelwa komthetho wokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nokuhambisa izinto.

• Izinto ezibalulekileyo : iimvume, ulawulo lokukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo, ulawulo lwempilo emsebenzini kunye nokuthobela imithetho yezothutho.

Umsinga - izicelo kunye neendlela zokutshintsha

• Izicelo : izixhobo ezichanekileyo kakhulu, ii-catalysts ezithile zeekhemikhali, uphando; ngokwembali kwizibane kunye neeswitshi (ngoku zithathelwe indawo kakhulu).

• I-Trend : ukwamkelwa ngokukhawuleza kobuchwepheshe obungenazo iimercury (ii-LED, ii-switches ze-solid-state, ii-catalysts ezizezinye) kunye nokupheliswa okuqhutywa ngumthetho kwiindawo ezininzi.

5. Ubume bolawulo kunye norhwebo (ushwankathelo)

• Isivumelwano saseMinamata : umgaqo-nkqubo oyintloko wezomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ofuna amanyathelo okunciphisa nokuphelisa ukukhutshwa kwemercury ekugqibeleni, ukukhuthaza ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nokulawula izitokhwe.

• Imeko yemarike : ukwehla kwemfuno yemercury ephambili kunye nokuxhomekeka okukhulu kwimithombo esetyenzisiweyo nethobela imithetho; urhwebo lwemercury olungekho mthethweni kunye ne-ASGM engekho sesikweni kusaqhubeka nokuba zizinto eziphambili ekunyanzelisweni komthetho.

• Isilumkiso sorhwebo : ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kufuneka kuhlangabezane neemfuno zelizwe ekuyiwa kulo, imithetho yokuthutha impahla enobungozi (IATA/IMDG), kunye nokulandeleka kwemvelaphi.

6. Imingcipheko yoshishino, izinto eziphambili ngothotyelo kunye neengcebiso

1. Ukuthobela imithetho : gcina ulungelelwaniso olupheleleyo neSivumelwano saseMinamata kunye nemigaqo yasekuhlaleni—ukulandelela okubhaliweyo kwemithombo yemercury kunye neendawo ekuya kuzo.

2. Khuthaza ukuphinda kusetyenziswe : tyala imali kwiziseko zoqokelelo nokucoca ezilawulwayo ukuze kubonelelwe ngemercury ephinda isetyenzisiwe ehambelanayo.

3. Khusela impilo nokusingqongileyo : qinisekisa ukuba kukho ukubekwa esweni emsebenzini, ukuthintela ukuvuza kwamanzi, impendulo engxamisekileyo kunye nokubandakanyeka koluntu.

4. Ukuxhasa ukutshintshwa : ukusebenzisana nabathengi ukuze bamkele ubuchwepheshe obungenazo iimercury kwaye banikezele ngenkxaso yokuphelisa ukusebenza/yokubuyisela izinto.

5. Ulawulo lomgangatho kunye nokulandeleka : bonelela nge-COA/MSDS kwimpahla nganye ethunyelwayo kwaye uqinisekise ukulandeleka kwebhetshi.

6. Ukudluliselwa komngcipheko : misela i-inshurensi efanelekileyo yoxanduva lokusingqongileyo kunye ne-inshurensi yezothutho.

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United Chemical uzibophelele kunxibelelwano olunenkathalo, oluthobelayo kunye nokuqonda kokusingqongileyo ngezinto ezinxulumene nemekyuri. Izinto zethu eziphambili ziquka:

• ukubeka phambili ukurisayikilishwa okulawulwayo kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kwimveliso yokuqala;

• ukugcina ulawulo olungqongqo lomgangatho, ukubhalwa kwamaxwebhu kunye nokulandeleka;

• ukubonelela abathengi ngamaxwebhu okuthotyelwa, iingcebiso zobugcisa kunye noqeqesho lokuphatha ngokukhuselekileyo;

• ukusebenzisana ukuqhubela phambili ezinye iindlela kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wemekyuri kumashishini asezantsi.