IMercury (Hg) iMveliso, iMithombo kunye neSishwankathelo soShishino | United Chemical

intshayelelo

IMercury (Hg) yintsimbi enzima ngokwembali kodwa eyingozi kakhulu. Iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo - ulwelo kwindawo yobushushu begumbi, ukuhanjiswa kombane okuphezulu kunye nobuchule bokusebenzisa i-alloying - kukhokelela kusetyenziso olubanzi lwemizi-mveliso ngaphambili. Ukwanda kolwazi malunga nobungozi bokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo ehambelana nayo mercury kuye kwakhokelela kwizenzo zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana neNgqungquthela yaseMinamata ukukhawulela okanye ukuphelisa ezininzi I-MERCURY ukusetyenziswa nokukhuthaza ukurisayikilishwa kunye nolawulo longcoliseko.

Eli nqaku leendaba lenkampani ngu United Chemical inikeza isishwankathelo esicacileyo, sobuchule Mercury imithombo kunye neendlela zokubuyisela, iimpawu zomgangatho wemveliso kunye nothelekiso ngomthombo, ikhonkco lexabiso leshishini, imimandla yolawulo kunye norhwebo, kunye nokuthotyelwa koshishino olusebenzayo kunye neengcebiso zolawulo lomngcipheko.

Inqaku lokhuseleko: I-Mercury kunye neekhompawundi zayo ziyi-neurotoxic kwaye iyaqhubeka nokusingqongileyo. Nakuphi na ukuphatha, ukubuyisela, ukuthuthwa okanye ukusetyenziswa kufuneka kulandele imithetho yelizwe, izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemimiselo yezinto ezinobungozi. 

1. Yintoni imekyuri? (mfutshane)

I-Elemental mercury (Hg) yintsimbi eshinyeneyo elulwelo kwiimeko ezingqongileyo kwaye inokumka ibe ngumphunga kwaye isasazeke kwimo engqongileyo. I-Mercury ivela kwiintlobo ezininzi:

• Elemental mercury (Hg⁰) - isinyithi, i-volatile;

• Iityuwa zemercury ezingaphiliyo — umzekelo, i-mercuric chloride (HgCl₂);

• I-mercury ephilayo - njenge-methylmercury, edibanisa i-bioaccumulates kumatyathanga okutya kwaye ibeka ingozi enkulu yempilo.

I-Mercury ekhutshwe emoyeni nasemanzini inokuguqulwa kwaye i-bioaccumulated, ibangele iimpembelelo zexesha elide ze-ikholoji kunye nempilo yabantu.

2. Imithombo ephambili kunye neendidi zokubuyisela (umbono ophezulu wezinga eliphezulu)

Ubonelelo lwemercury yehlabathi lufumaneka ikakhulu kwi imigodi yokuqala (cinnabar/HgS) kwaye imisinga esetyenzisiweyo (imveliso yemveliso kunye nenkunkuma eqokelelweyo). Iindidi zomthombo ongundoqo zezi:

1. Imigodi yokuqala kunye nokunyibilikiswa (i-cinnabar)

• isishwankathelo: I-cinnabar yembali (HgS) yemigodi kunye nezivuno zokunyibilikisa i-mercury yokuqala ngokufudumeza kunye nokujiya. Izibonelelo zangoku ezithobelayo zinokuvelisa imekyuri ephezulu yococeko emva konyango olwaneleyo.

• Ixhalaba: Ukunyibilikiswa komyinge omncinci okungalawulwayo kubangela ungcoliseko olumandla kunye nobungozi empilweni; amazwe amaninzi ayayinciphisa okanye ayithintele imisebenzi enjalo.

2. Ukubuyiswa kwemveliso yemveliso kunye nokulawulwa ngokutsha

• isishwankathelo: I-Mercury ikhula ngokunyuka kwimijelo yenkunkuma eqokelelweyo-izibane ze-fluorescent, iiswitshi kunye neelayidi, izixhobo zonyango, i-electronics kunye ne-lab wastes-emva koko ihlanjululwe kwiindawo ezilawulwayo.

• uncedo: Ukurisayikilisha kunciphisa umthwalo wokusingqongileyo kwaye kuphucula ukulandeleka nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho.

3. Ukumbiwa kwegolide kwezobuGcisa kunye nakwizinga elincinci (ASGM)

• isishwankathelo: Kwimimandla ethile i-ASGM isebenzisa imekyuri ukwenza i-amalgams ukufunyanwa kwegolide. 

• Policy: Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ASGM ye-mercury yinjongo ephambili yokunciphisa phantsi kweNgqungquthela yaseMinamata kunye neenkqubo zelizwe ezikhuthaza ezinye iindlela.

4. Izitokhwe zembali kunye nokudilizwa kwezixhobo

• isishwankathelo: Ukupheliswa kwezixhobo ezidala kunye nokulahlwa kwemveliso yelifa nako kuvelisa imekyuri efumanekayo, kodwa umgangatho kunye neeprofayili zongcoliseko ziyahluka ngokubanzi kwaye zifuna ukusetyenzwa ngononophelo.

3. Umgangatho womthombo/uthelekiso lomgangatho wemveliso kunye neemetriki eziphambili

Amaqela okuthenga kunye nokuthotyelwa kufuneka abeke phambili ezi metrics zilandelayo kwiZatifikethi zoHlahlelo (COA):

• Umxholo weHg / ukucoceka okusisiseko (%);

• Organic mercury (methylmercury) iintsalela;

• Ukuguquguquka kunye neparameters zokhuseleko olunxulumene nomphunga;

• Ukungcola okungaphiliyo (Njenge, Pb, S iikhompawundi, iinxalenye);

• Ukufuma kunye nongcoliseko lomatshini;

• Ifom kunye nokupakishwa (i-elemental liquid Hg, iityuwa, i-alloys; iinkcukacha zemathiriyeli yesikhongozeli).

Umgangatho ophezulu wokuthelekisa ngomthombo:

• Imigodi ephambili (izityalo ezithobelayo): Ucoceko oluphezulu luyafezekiswa ukuba ukukhutshwa kunye nokuphathwa kwenkunkuma kuyalawulwa; uthotyelo lolawulo lubalulekile.

• Ukurisayikilisha okumiselweyo: Ngokusulungekiswa kwale mihla, i-mercury esetyenzisiweyo inokuhlangabezana nemilinganiselo yococeko oluphezulu kwaye ikhethwa ngenxa yezizathu zokusingqongileyo.

• Imithombo yembali/yokudilizwa: Umgangatho oguquguqukayo; ngokufuthi kufuna ukusulungekiswa okongezelelekileyo.

• Imithombo ye-ASGM: Ingcoliseke kakhulu kwaye ayimkelekanga kumakhonkco obonelelo asemthethweni.

4. Ikhonkco lexabiso leshishini (phezulu - phakathi - ezantsi)

Umsinga - imithombo kunye nezixhobo

• imithombo: i-cinnabar ores, inkunkuma yamashishini (izibane, izitshixo, izixhobo zonyango), ii-stocks zembali.

• Izixhobo kunye neenkonzo: iisistim ezivaliweyo ze-condensation / catching, i-adsorption / absorption units, izixhobo zokusulungekisa, iilebhu zokuvavanya eziqinisekisiweyo, ukupakishwa kwempahla enobungozi kunye nolungiselelo.

Midstream — ukucokiswa, uvavanyo kunye norhwebo

• imisebenzi: ukunyibilikiswa/ukucokiswa, uvavanyo lwaselabhoratri (COA/MSDS), ukupakishwa nokuleyibhile, ukuthotyelwa kwemiqathango yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kunye nolungiselelo.

• Izinto ezibalulekileyo: amaphepha-mvume, ulawulo lokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo, ulawulo lwezempilo emsebenzini kunye nokuthotyelwa kwezothutho.

Umsinga - izicelo kunye neendlela zokutshintsha

• izicelo: izixhobo ezichanekileyo ze-niche eziphezulu, i-catalysts ethile yeekhemikhali, uphando; ngokwembali ekukhanyeni kunye nokutshintsha (ngoku ubukhulu becala indawo).

• utyekelo: Ukwamkelwa ngokukhawuleza kobuchwepheshe obungenayo i-mercury-free (i-LED, i-slid-state switches, enye i-catalysts) kunye ne-phase-drive-driven phase-out kwiindlela ezininzi zokusetyenziswa.

5. Ubume bolawulo kunye norhwebo (ushwankathelo)

• Ingqungquthela yaseMinamata: isikhokelo somthetho esiphambili samazwe ngamazwe esifuna imilinganiselo yokunciphisa kunye nokuphelisa ukukhutshwa kwe-mercury, ukukhuthaza ukurisayikilishwa nokulawula izitokhwe.

• Intsingiselo yemarike: imfuno ehlayo yemercury yokuqala kunye nokunyuka kokuthembela kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo, ethobelayo; urhwebo olungekho semthethweni lwemekyuri kunye neASGM engekho sikweni zihlala ziyimiba ephambili yonyanzeliso.

• Isilumkiso sorhwebo: ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kufuneka kuhlangabezane neemfuno zelizwe lokusingwa, imithetho yothutho lwempahla enobungozi (IATA/IMDG), kunye nokulandeleka kwemvelaphi.

6. Imingcipheko yoshishino, izinto eziphambili ngothotyelo kunye neengcebiso

1. ukuthobela: gcina ulungelelwaniso olupheleleyo kunye neNgqungquthela yaseMinamata kunye nemimiselo yendawo-ebhaliweyo yokulandelela imithombo ye-mercury kunye neendawo.

2. Khuthaza ukurisayikilisha: utyalo-mali kuqokelelo olulawulwayo kunye nokusulungekiswa kweziseko ezingundoqo ukuze kubonelelwe ngemekyuri ethobelayo esetyenzisiweyo.

3. Khusela impilo kunye nokusingqongileyo: ukunyanzelisa ukubeka iliso emsebenzini, ukuthintela ukuvuza, impendulo kaxakeka kunye nokuzibandakanya noluntu.

4. Inkxaso endaweni: sebenza nabaxumi ukuba bamkele itekhnoloji engenametyhuri kwaye babonelele ngenkxaso yokuphelisa/ukubuyisela izinto.

5. Ulawulo lomgangatho kunye nokulandeleka: Ukubonelela nge-COA / MSDS ngokuthunyelwa nganye kunye nokuqinisekisa ukulandelwa kwebhetshi.

6. Ukudluliselwa komngcipheko: phumeza i-inshurensi yoxanduva lokusingqongileyo efanelekileyo kunye ne-inshurensi yezothutho.

Isiphelo - United Chemical's ukuzibophelela

United Chemical uzibophelele kunxibelelwano olunenkathalo, oluthobelayo kunye nokuqonda kokusingqongileyo ngezinto ezinxulumene nemekyuri. Izinto zethu eziphambili ziquka:

• ukubeka phambili ukurisayikilishwa okulawulwayo kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kwimveliso yokuqala;

• ukugcina ulawulo olungqongqo lomgangatho, ukubhalwa kwamaxwebhu kunye nokulandeleka;

• ukubonelela abathengi ngamaxwebhu okuthotyelwa, iingcebiso zobugcisa kunye noqeqesho lokuphatha ngokukhuselekileyo;

• ukusebenzisana ukuqhubela phambili ezinye iindlela kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wemekyuri kumashishini asezantsi.