Yeyiphi ikhemikhali eyonakalisa kakhulu?

Kwishishini lemichiza, ukwazi ukuba zeziphi iikhemikhali ezizezona zikrwada kakhulu kubalulekile kwimveliso ekhuselekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga kumbuzo othi "yeyiphi imichiza eyona nto iyingozi", hlalutya uninzi Imichiza eNyolisayo kunye neempawu zabo, kwaye zikuncede ukwazi kakuhle ulwazi olufanelekileyo.

1. Hydrofluoric Acid

I-Hydrofluoric acid yenye yezona khemikhali zaziwayo kakhulu ezidlekayo. Ayinyibilikisi iglasi kuphela, kodwa iphinda ihlasele phantse zonke iintsimbi. Ukonakala kwe Ihydidluoric Acid ivela kwimisebenzi ephezulu kakhulu ye-fluoride ions (F⁻), ekwazi ukuphula iibhondi zekhemikhali zezinto ze-silicate, ezibangelwa ukubola kweglasi kunye neeminerali ezininzi. IHydrofluoric acid igqwesa kakhulu eluswini nakwizicubu zomntu, kwaye ukudibana kunokubangela ukutshisa okukhulu kweekhemikhali kwaye kube neziphumo eziyingozi emathanjeni.

2. Iasidi yeSulfuri

Iasidi ye-Sulphuric yikhemikhali eqhelekileyo kodwa eyonakalisa kakhulu esetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso. Igxininise Isalfure acid inokukhawuleza ukufunxa amanzi kwaye ikhuphe ngamandla izinto eziphilayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba idleke kakhulu kwizinto ezininzi eziphilayo. I-asidi ye-Sulphuric nayo inokusabela kunye neentsimbi ezininzi ukuvelisa i-hydrogen kunye neetyuwa zetsimbi, iqhubela phambili isantya somhlwa. I-asidi ye-Sulfuric igqwesa ngokukodwa kwizixhobo kumaqondo aphezulu, ngoko kufuneka kukhuselwe ngokukhethekileyo xa uyisebenzisa.

3. Igesi yeKlorini

I-Chlorine yigesi eyityhefu etyheli-luhlaza ekwiqondo lobushushu begumbi kunye noxinzelelo, kwaye idleka ngokugqithisileyo. I-Chlorine inokusabela emanzini ukuvelisa i-hydrochloric acid kunye ne-hypochlorous acid, zombini zizinto ezidliwayo kakhulu, ngakumbi i-hydrochloric acid, enefuthe elinamandla kwisinyithi. Iklorini inokusabela ngokuthe ngqo kunye neentsimbi ezininzi ukuvelisa iikloridi zentsimbi, ngaloo ndlela yenze mandundu ukonakala kwezixhobo zokusebenza. Kwi Ukuveliswa kweMichiza, ukuvuza kwe Chlorine yingozi enkulu yokhuseleko, kwaye kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko.

4. I-Nitric Acid

Iasidi ye-nitric yenye imichiza eyonakalisa kakhulu, ngakumbi kwifom egxininisiweyo. Yi-agent eyomeleleyo ene-oxidizing kwaye isabela kunye neentsimbi ezininzi ukwenza i-nitrate kwaye ikhuphe igesi eyityhefu yenitrogen dioxide. I-asidi ye-nitric iphinda ihlasele izinto ezininzi eziphilayo, ngakumbi iiprotheyini kunye neekhabhohayidrethi, ziyenza ibe yingozi kakhulu kwizicubu zebhayoloji. Iasidi ye-nitric inokubangela ukusabela kweekhemikhali ezinobundlobongela xa idibana nezinto ezithile, idala umngcipheko wokudubula.

5. ISodium Hydroxide

Nangona IHydroxide yesodium yialkali, ukubola kwayo makungajongelwa phantsi. Inokugqwesa ngamandla isinyithi, ngakumbi ialuminiyam kunye ne-zinc, kwaye inokubolisa izinto ezininzi eziphilayo ezifana neeproteni kunye namafutha, okubangela ukutsha okukhulu kweekhemikhali. I-sodium hydroxide nayo inempembelelo ethile eyingozi kwiglasi kunye neekeramics kwiindawo eziphezulu, ngoko ke izinto ezikhethekileyo ezichasene ne-alkali ziyafuneka ukuze zigcinwe kwaye ziphathwe.

isishwankathelo

Kumbuzo othi "yeyiphi imichiza eyona nto iyingozi", sinokubona ukuba i-hydrofluoric acid, i-sulfuric acid, i-chlorine, Inayididi Acid kunye nesodium hydroxide zonke ziikhemikhali ezonakalisa kakhulu. Iindlela zomhlwa ezahlukeneyo kunye neethagethi zazo zahlukile, kodwa eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kukuba zinokuba yingozi enkulu kumzimba womntu, izixhobo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kweekhemikhali kunye nokucubungula, amanyathelo okukhusela angqongqo kufuneka athathwe ukuphepha iingozi zokhuseleko ezibangelwa yimichiza enobungozi.