Yeyiphi ikhemikhali eyonakalisa kakhulu?

Kwishishini leekhemikhali, ukwazi ukuba zeziphi iikhemikhali ezingcolisa kakhulu kubalulekile kwimveliso ekhuselekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo. Eli nqaku liza kugxila kumbuzo othi "zeziphi iikhemikhali ezingcolisa kakhulu", hlalutya iikhemikhali ezininzi ezingcolisa kakhulu kunye neempawu zazo, kwaye zikuncede uqonde ngcono ulwazi olufanelekileyo.

1. Hydrofluoric Acid

I-Hydrofluoric acid yenye yeekhemikhali ezidume kakhulu ezibola kakhulu. Ayinyibilikisi nje iglasi kuphela, kodwa ikwahlasela phantse zonke iintsimbi. Ukubola kwe- Hydrofluoric Acid kuvela kumsebenzi ophezulu kakhulu wee-ion ze-fluoride (F⁻), ezikwaziyo ukwaphula iibhondi zeekhemikhali zezinto ze-silicate, nto leyo ebangela ukubola kweglasi kunye neeminerali ezininzi. I-Hydrofluoric acid ibola kakhulu kulusu nakwizicwili zabantu, kwaye ukudibana kwayo kunokubangela ukutsha okukhulu kweekhemikhali kwaye kube nemiphumo etshabalalisayo emathanjeni.

2. Iasidi yeSulfuri

I-asidi ye-sulfuric yikhemikhali eqhelekileyo kodwa enokubola kakhulu esetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso. I-asidi ye-sulfuric exineneyo inokufunxa amanzi ngokukhawuleza kwaye ikhuphe amanzi kakhulu kwizinto eziphilayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe nokubola kakhulu kwizinto ezininzi eziphilayo. I-asidi ye-sulfuric isenokusabela kwiintsimbi ezininzi ukuvelisa i-hydrogen kunye neetyuwa zesinyithi, nto leyo ekhawulezisa inkqubo yokubola. I-asidi ye-sulfuric iyingozi kakhulu kwizixhobo xa kushushu kakhulu, ngoko ke kufuneka kuthathwe ukhuseleko olukhethekileyo xa uyisebenzisa.

3. Igesi yeKlorini

I-Chlorine yigesi enobuthi etyheli-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kubushushu begumbi kunye noxinzelelo, kwaye iyatshisa kakhulu. I-Chlorine ingatshintshana namanzi ivelise i-hydrochloric acid kunye ne-hypochlorous acid, zombini ezi zinto zitshisa kakhulu, ingakumbi i-hydrochloric acid, enefuthe elinamandla lokutsha kwisinyithi. I-Chlorine ingatshintshana ngokuthe ngqo neesinyithi ezininzi ivelise ii-chloride zesinyithi, ngaloo ndlela inyusa umonakalo wokutsha kwezixhobo. KwiMveliso yeeKhemikhali , ukuvuza kwe- Chlorine kuyingozi enkulu yokhuseleko, kwaye kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo angqongqo okukhusela.

4. I-Nitric Acid

Iasidi ye-nitric yenye imichiza eyonakalisa kakhulu, ngakumbi kwifom egxininisiweyo. Yi-agent eyomeleleyo ene-oxidizing kwaye isabela kunye neentsimbi ezininzi ukwenza i-nitrate kwaye ikhuphe igesi eyityhefu yenitrogen dioxide. I-asidi ye-nitric iphinda ihlasele izinto ezininzi eziphilayo, ngakumbi iiprotheyini kunye neekhabhohayidrethi, ziyenza ibe yingozi kakhulu kwizicubu zebhayoloji. Iasidi ye-nitric inokubangela ukusabela kweekhemikhali ezinobundlobongela xa idibana nezinto ezithile, idala umngcipheko wokudubula.

5. ISodium Hydroxide

Nangona iSodium Hydroxide iyi-alkali, ukubola kwayo akufuneki kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Inokubola kakhulu iintsimbi, ingakumbi i-aluminium kunye ne-zinc, kwaye inokubola izinto ezininzi eziphilayo ezifana neeproteni kunye namafutha, nto leyo ebangela ukutsha okukhulu kweekhemikhali. I-Sodium hydroxide ikwanefuthe elithile lokubola kwiglasi kunye neeseramikhi kwiindawo eziphezulu, ngoko ke kufuneka izinto ezikhethekileyo ezimelana ne-alkali ukuze zigcinwe kwaye ziphathwe.

isishwankathelo

Kwimibuzo yokuba "yeyiphi ikhemikhali eyona irhabaxa kakhulu", singabona ukuba i-hydrofluoric acid, i-sulfuric acid, i-chlorine, i-Nitric Acid kunye ne-sodium hydroxide zonke ziikhemikhali ezirhabaxa kakhulu. Iindlela zazo zokurhabaxa kunye neethagethi zazo zahlukile, kodwa ingongoma efanayo kukuba zinokuba yingozi enkulu emzimbeni womntu, kwizixhobo nakwindalo esingqongileyo. Kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kweekhemikhali kunye nokucubungula, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo angqongqo okukhusela ukuthintela iingozi zokhuseleko ezibangelwa ziikhemikhali ezirhabaxa.