Ii-Reagents ze-20 eziBalulekileyo kwi-Mineral Processing

Ukucubungula izimbiwa kuquka iinkqubo ezintathu: ukuhlamba, ukutyumza, kunye nokuphucula. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokugxininisa izinyithi ezixabisekileyo ukusuka kwii-ore ze-polymetallic ezikumgangatho ophantsi ukuya kwii-concentrates ezikumgangatho ophezulu, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabaqokeleli, ii-frothers, ii-inhibitors, kunye nee-flocculants kufuneka zongezwe. Uninzi lwezi zinto zizinto ezinobuthi nezinobungozi, ezifana ne -cyanides , ii-arsenides, ii-chromates, ii-alkyl xanthates ezahlukeneyo, ii-phenols ezitshintshiweyo, ii-anilines, ii-pyridines, ii-hydro Carbon s, ii-alkenes, ii-ethers, ii-ketones, ii-aldehydes, ii-esters, njalo njalo. Ezi zinto zinokungena kwindalo ngokukhupha amanzi amdaka okucubungula izimbiwa okanye ngokusebenzisa amachibi angasemva, okukhokelela kungcoliseko lwesibini kwaye kubangele umonakalo omkhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ii-reagents zokucubungula izimbiwa zibhekisa kakhulu kubaqokeleli, ii-frothers, ii-inhibitors, ii-flocculants, ii-modifiers, kunye nee-extracting agents, i-extractant matrix improvers, kunye nee-diluents ezisetyenziswa kwi-hydrometallurgy, ezibandakanya amakhulu ee-inorganic okanye ii-organic synthetic compounds ezahlukeneyo.

Zeziphi ezona zixhobo zibalulekileyo kuLungiselelo lweziMbiwa?

Phakathi kwezinto ezingama-68 ezingcolisayo ezikuluhlu olumnyama lolawulo longcoliseko oluphambili eTshayina, kukho izinto ezingama-24 ezisetyenziswa ekucubunguleni izimbiwa (kuquka i-arsenic, i-beryllium, i-cadmium, i-chromium, i-MERCURY , i-nickel, i-thallium, i-copper, i-lead, kunye neekhompawundi zazo). Izinto ezinobungozi kwindalo esingqongileyo ziquka i-Cyanides , i-hydrogen sulfide, i-phosphine, i-fluorides, i-arsenides, i-chromates, i-copper sulfate, i-zinc sulfate, i-carbon disulfide, i-sulfites, i-alkyl xanthates ezahlukeneyo, iikhompawundi ze-organophosphorus, ii-fatty alcohols, ii-anilines, ii-pyridines, ii-hydrocarbons, ii-alkenes, ii-ethers, ii-ketones, ii-aldehydes, ii-esters, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Sikhethe ii-reagents ezingama-20 ezibalulekileyo onokuzisebenzisa. Makhe sijonge!

I-Sodium Ethyl Xanthate

• Ifomula yeMolekyuli: C2H5OCSSNa

• Iipropati: Umgubo otyheli kancinci (okanye i-granule) onevumba elicaphukisayo, onyibilikayo emanzini, kwi-alcohol, njl.njl., okwaziyo ukwenza iikhompawundi ezinganyibilikiyo ngee-ion zesinyithi ezifana ne-cobalt, i-copper, kunye ne-nickel.

• Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: I-sodium ethyl xanthate ngumqokeleli onokukhetha kakuhle phakathi kweemveliso zothotho lwe-xanthate. Ingasetyenziswa kakhulu ekujikelezeni okukhethekileyo kwee-sulfide ores ezithambileyo okanye ezintsonkothileyo zeemetal ezingezizo i-ferrous. Ingasetyenziswa kunye nee-sulfide agents ekujikelezeni kwee-copper kunye ne-lead oxide ores. Ikwasetyenziswa njenge-precipitation agent kwi-hydrometallurgy (umz., ukucocwa kwe-zinc electrolyte) kunye ne-vulcanization accelerator kwirabha.

Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate

• Ifomula yeMolekyuli: (CH3)2CHOCSSNa

• Iimpawu: Umgubo otyheli kancinci (okanye i-granule) onevumba elicaphukisayo, onyibilikayo emanzini.

• Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: I-sodium isopropyl xanthate inamandla okuqokelelwa kwe-sulfide ores yeentsimbi ezingezizo i-ferrous kune-sodium ethyl xanthate. Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengesixhobo sokuqokelela ii-ores ezahlukeneyo ze-non-ferrous metal sulfide kwaye ingasebenza njenge-precipitation agent kwi-hydrometallurgy; ikwasetyenziswa njenge-vulcanization accelerator kwirabha.

Isodium Butyl Xanthate (iPotassium)

• Ifomula yeMolekyuli: C4H9OCSSNa(K)

• Iimpawu: Umgubo otyheli okanye ongwevu-mhlophe (okanye i-granule) onevumba elicaphukisayo, onyibilikayo emanzini nasetywala, okwaziyo ukwenza iikhompawundi ezinganyibilikiyo ngee-ion zesinyithi ezahlukeneyo.

• Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: I-Sodium butyl xanthate (potassium) ngumqokeleli onamandla okudada kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu ekudadaneni okuxutyiweyo kwee-ore ze-sulfide zesinyithi ezingezizo i-ferrous. Le reagent ifanelekile ngokukodwa ekudadaneni kwe-chalcopyrite, i-sphalerite, kunye ne-pyrite. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ingasetyenziselwa ukudadana okukhethiweyo kwee-ore ze-copper ze-sulfide ezivela kwii-ore ze-iron sulfide.

Isodium Isobutyl Xanthate (iPotassium)

• Ifomula yeMolekyuli: (CH3)2CHCH2OCSSNa(K)

• Iipropati: Umgubo otyheli kancinci (okanye i-granule) onevumba elicaphukisayo, onyibilika lula emanzini, okwaziyo ukwenza iikhompawundi ezinganyibilikiyo ngee-ion ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi.

• Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: I-Sodium isobutyl xanthate (potassium) ikwangumqokeleli onamandla ekujikelezeni kwee-ore zesinyithi ezingezizo i-ferrous metal sulfide. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekujikelezeni kwee-ore zesinyithi, i-lead, kunye ne-zinc sulfide, kwaye ibonakalise ukusebenza kakuhle kwii-ore zesinyithi ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-pyrite ezidadayo ngokwendalo.

Sodium Isopentyl Xanthate

• Ifomula yeMolekyuli: (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OCSSNa

• Iimpawu: Umgubo otyheli onevumba elicaphukisayo, onyibilikayo emanzini.

• Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: I-sodium isopentyl xanthate ngumqokeleli onamandla osetyenziswa kakhulu ekujikelezeni kweentsimbi zesinyithi ezingenayo i-ferrous ezifuna amandla aqinileyo okuqokelela kodwa kungekhona ukukhetha. Umzekelo, ngumqokeleli obalaseleyo weentsimbi ze-sulfide ezixutyiweyo okanye iintsimbi ze-copper ezixutyiweyo kunye ne-lead (emva kokuxuba nge-sodium sulfide okanye i-sodium hydrosulfide). Le reagent inokufumana ukwahlulwa okuhle ekujikelezeni kweentsimbi ze-copper-nickel sulfide kunye ne-gold-containing pyrite.

I-Sodium Pentyl Xanthate (iPotassium)

• Ifomula yeMolekyuli: C5H11OCSSNa(K)

• Iimpawu: Umgubo otyheli okanye ongwevu-mhlophe (okanye i-granule) onevumba elicaphukisayo, onyibilikayo emanzini.

• Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: I-Sodium pentyl xanthate (i-potassium) ngumqokeleli onamandla osetyenziswa kakhulu ekujikelezeni kweentsimbi zesinyithi ezingenayo i-ferrous ezifuna amandla aqinileyo okuqokelela kodwa kungekhona ukukhetha. Umzekelo, isebenza njengomqokeleli obalaseleyo weentsimbi ze-sulfide ezixutyiweyo okanye iintsimbi ze-copper ezixutyiweyo kunye ne-lead (emva kokuxuba nge-sodium sulfide okanye i-sodium hydrosulfide). Ingafumana ukwahlulwa okuhle ekujikelezeni kweentsimbi ze-copper-nickel sulfide kunye ne-gold-containing pyrite.

No. 25 Black Drug

• Icandelo eliPhambili: iDimethylphenol Disulfide

• Ifomula yeMolekyuli: (C7H7O)2PSSH

• Iimpawu: Ulwelo olunamafutha olumdaka-mnyama olunevumba elicaphukisayo kunye nokubola; luyatsha, lunyibilika kancinci emanzini.

• Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: I-No. 25 black drug ineempawu zokuqokelela kunye nokukhupha igwebu. Yindlela esebenzayo yokuqokelela i-sulfide ores ye-lead, i-copper, kunye nesilivere, esetyenziswa rhoqo ekuhlukaniseni i-lead kunye ne-zinc xa iqhagamshelwa. Le reagent inamandla okuqokelela i-pyrite kunye nezinye i-sulfide ores kwi-alkaline circuits, kodwa yi-collector enamandla engakhethiyo kuzo zonke i-sulfide ores kwi-neutral okanye kwi-acidic media. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ikwanawo amandla athile okuqokelela i-heavy metal oxide ores. Ekubeni le reagent inyibilika kancinci emanzini, kufuneka yongezwe kwimo yayo yokuqala kwi-conditioning tank okanye kwi-ball mill.

Isodium Butyl Black Ichiza

• Icandelo eliPhambili: iDibutyl Disulfide Sodium

• Ifomula yeMolekyuli: (C4H9O)2PSSNa

• Iimpawu: Isisombululo samanzi esimthubi-mdaka esingenavumba licaphukisayo kunye neempawu zeekhemikhali ezizinzileyo.

• Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: I-sodium butyl black drug ingumqokeleli osebenzayo wegolide kunye ne-sulfide ores zesilivere, i-copper, kunye ne-zinc. Inamandla okuqokelela i-pyrite kwiisekethe ze-alkaline. Le reagent ibonisa kuphela iimpawu ezibuthathaka kakhulu zokukhupha igwebu.

I-Sodium No. 25 Iziyobisi eziMnyama

• Icandelo eliPhambili: iDimethylphenol Disulfide Sodium

• Ifomula yeMolekyuli: (C7H7O)2PSSNa

• Iimpawu: Isisombululo samanzi esimdaka okanye esimnyama, esingenavumba.

• Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: I-Sodium No. 25 black drug ingumqokeleli osebenzayo we-copper kunye ne-lead sulfide ores. Ngenxa yokuba ibuthathaka ekuqokeleleni i-zinc sulfide ores, idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukwahlukanisa ngokukhethekileyo i-copper kunye ne-lead sulfide ores kwi-zinc sulfide ores. Le reagent ingongezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-flotation circuit.

Ammonium Butyl Black Ichiza

• Icandelo eliphambili: iDibutyl Disulfide Ammonium

• Ifomula yeMolekyuli: (C4H9O)2PSSNH4

• Iimpawu: Umgubo omhlophe ukuya kongwevu-mhlophe ongenancasa, othambileyo emoyeni, onyibilikayo emanzini, kwaye uzinzile ngokweekhemikhali.

• Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: I-Ammonium butyl black drug ingumqokeleli obalaseleyo kwaye ikhupha i-frother kwii-ore zesinyithi ezingenayo i-ferrous. Inamandla okwahlula ii-ore ze-sulfide ze-copper, i-lead, isilivere, kunye ne-zinc, kunye nee-ore ze-polymetallic ezintsonkothileyo. Inamandla okuqokelela abuthathaka kwi-pyrite kunye ne-magnetic pyrite kwi-weakly alkaline pulp kodwa inamandla okuqokelela i-galena. Ingasetyenziswa nakwi-flotation yee-ore ze-nickel kunye ne-antimony sulfide, ngakumbi isebenza kwii-ore ze-nickel sulfide ezinzima ukuzifumana, ii-ore ze-nickel ezixutyiweyo ze-sulfide-oxidized, kunye ne-middlings ye-ore ze-sulfide kunye ne-gangue. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa i-ammonium butyl black drug kuluncedo ekubuyiselweni kweplatinum, igolide, kunye nesilivere.

I-Ethylthioamine (SN-9#)

• Icandelo eliPhambili: I-N,N-Diethyl Dithiocarbamate Sodium

• Ifomula yeMolekyuli: (C2H5)2NCSSNa·3H2O

• Iimpawu: Ikristale emhlophe ukuya kwengwevu-mhlophe engenavumba licaphukisayo, enyibilikayo lula emanzini. Le reagent iyabola ibe yi-carbon disulfide, i-diethylamine, njl.njl., xa kukho

• lobushushu okanye iasidi.

• Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: I-Ethylthioamine (SN-9#) isetyenziswa kakhulu njengomqokeleli weentsimbi ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi ezingeyo-ferrous. Ibonisa amandla amakhulu okuqokelela iintsimbi ze-copper, lead, zinc, kunye ne-nickel sulfide. Le reagent isebenza ngokukodwa ekujikelezeni kweentsimbi ezintsonkothileyo kwaye yamkelwe kakhulu kushishino lokucubungula izimbiwa. Ukongeza, inokunceda ukuphucula amazinga okubuyisela iintsimbi kwiinkqubo zokuqengqeleka.

Flotation Frothers

I-Frothers idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusetyenzweni kwezimbiwa ngokuququzelela ukusekwa kwamagwebu azinzileyo avumela ukwahlulwa okukhethiweyo kweeminerali ezixabisekileyo. Iifrothers eziqhelekileyo zokudada ziquka:

• IMethyl Isobutyl Carbinol (MIBC)

• Iimpawu: Ulwelo olungenambala, oluvuthayo olunevumba elingaqhelekanga, olunganyibiliki emanzini.

• Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: I-MIBC isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-frother ekujikelezeni kwee-ore ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ubhedu, igolide kunye ne-nickel. Iphucula uzinzo lwe-froth, iphucula amazinga okubuyiselwa kweeminerali ezifunekayo.

• Ipropylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether

• Iimpawu: Ulwelo olungenambala olunevumba eliphantsi, olunyibilikayo emanzini nakwizinto eziphilayo.

• Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: Le frother iyasebenza ekuphuculeni iipropati zefrothing zeenkqubo zeflotation, ngakumbi kwi-sulfide ores. Inceda ekudaleni ifroth ezinzileyo evumela ukwahlulwa ngcono kweeminerali ezixabisekileyo.

• Polyglycol Ether

• Iimpawu: Ulwelo oluqinileyo olunyibilikayo emanzini kwaye lunetyhefu encinci.

• Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: I-Polyglycol ether isebenza njenge-frother kwaye inokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-flotation yeeminerali ezahlukeneyo, ingakumbi kwi-flotation yee-particles ezincinci nezincinci kakhulu.

Izithinteli

Ii-inhibitors zii-agent zeekhemikhali ezinqanda ngokukhethekileyo ukujikeleza kweeminerali ezithile. Zibalulekile ekulawuleni ukukhethwa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zokudada. Ii-inhibitors eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Isodium cyanide

• Iimpawu: I-crystalline eqinileyo emhlophe, enyibilikayo kakhulu emanzini, kwaye inetyhefu kakhulu.

• Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: I-sodium cyanide isetyenziswa kakhulu ukuthomalalisa iiminerali ezingafunekiyo ngexesha lokuntywila, nto leyo evumela ukufunyanwa kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo, ingakumbi igolide nesilivere. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kwegolide, ingakumbi kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-cyanidation.

• sodium emanzini

• Iimpawu: Iqinile elimhlophe ukuya kwelityheli, elinyibilikayo emanzini, elinevumba elibi.

• Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: I-sodium sulfide idla ngokusetyenziswa ukwenza ii-ion zesinyithi ezithile zicinezeleke kwaye zicinezele ezinye kwinkqubo yokuntywila. Isebenza ngakumbi ekuntywileni kwee-oxidized ores, ezifana nezo ziqulethe i-copper kunye ne-lead.

• I-Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)

• Iimpawu: Umgubo omhlophe onyibilikayo emanzini, ongenatyhefu, kwaye obolayo.

• Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: I-CMC sisithinteli sepolymeric esisebenzayo esisetyenziswa ekujikelezeni kweeminerali ezahlukeneyo. Inceda ukulawula ukukhetha kwenkqubo yokujikajika ngokuthintela ukujika kweeminerali ezithile ze-gangue.

Umgxobhozo

I-flocculants isetyenziselwa ukunyusa ukuhlaliswa kunye nokukhutshwa kwamanzi kwiiminerali kunye neentsalela. Iiflocculants eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• IPolyacrylamide

• Iimpawu: Umgubo omhlophe ukuya kotyheli onyibilikayo kakhulu emanzini, awunatyhefu.

• Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: I-Polyacrylamide isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-flocculant ekucutshungulweni kwezimbiwa ukuphucula amazinga okuhlala kwe-slurries kunye nokuphucula ukufuma kwamanzi kwi-tailings.

• I-aluminium Sulfate

• Iipropati: Yinto emhlophe ecwebezelayo enyibilikayo emanzini.

• Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: I-aluminium sulfate idla ngokusetyenziswa njenge-coagulant kunye ne-flocculant ekucutshungulweni kwezimbiwa ukunceda ekucacisweni nasekuqineni kwe-slurries.