Umahluko phakathi kwePotassium Hydroxide kunye neSodium Hydroxide

Kwicandelo lekhemistri, zombini iPotassium hydroxide (KOH) kunye neSodium hydroxide (NaOH), ezaziwa ngokuba yi-caustic potash kunye ne-caustic soda ngokwahlukeneyo, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Nangona zifana njengeziseko eziqinileyo, zineempawu ezahlukileyo ezizihlukanisayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Eli nqaku lijolise ekunikezeni umbono opheleleyo womahluko phakathi kwe-potassium hydroxide kunye ne-sodium hydroxide.

Iipropati zeMichiza kunye nezoMzimba

Ulwakhiwo kunye noBume beMolekyuli

I-potassium hydroxide iqulethe i-athomu ye-potassium (K) enye, i-athomu ye-oxygen (O) enye, kunye ne-athomu ye-hydrogen (H) enye, kunye nefomula yekhemikhali ye-KOH. I-sodium hydroxide, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yenziwe nge-athomu enye ye-sodium (Na), enye i-athomu ye-oksijini, kunye ne-athomu enye ye-hydrogen, echazwe njenge-NaOH. Umahluko kwi-metal cation (i-potassium vs. sodium) isisiseko kwaye inegalelo kwizinto ezininzi ezihlukeneyo.

Imbonakalo yoMzimba kunye nokunyibilika

Zombini iikhompawundi zimhlophe, i-hygroscopic solids kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, zifunxa lula ukufuma emoyeni. Nangona kunjalo, babonisa umahluko kwi-solubility. I-Potassium hydroxide i-soluble kakhulu emanzini, ikhupha ubushushu obukhulu ngexesha lokuchithwa, oku kunokubangela ukuba isisombululo sishushu kakhulu. Ikwanyibilika kwi-ethanol kunye ne-methanol. Isodium hydroxide inyibilika ngokulinganayo emanzini, ikhatshwa kukusabela okuphawulekayo kwe-exothermic. Kodwa ngokuthelekisa, i-potassium hydroxide ngokubanzi ine-solubility ephezulu kwi-solvents ethile ye-organic, iyenza ibe yinto ekhethwayo kwiinkqubo ezithile zeekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo.

Amanqaku anyibilikayo kunye nokubilisa

I-potassium hydroxide inendawo yokunyibilika emalunga ne-360 °C (680 °F) kwaye ibilisa malunga ne-1.324 °C (2.415 °F). I-sodium hydroxide, ngokuchaseneyo, inendawo yokunyibilika engaphezulu kancinane malunga ne-318 °C (604 °F) kwaye ibilisa kwi-1.388 °C (2.530 °F). Ezi zintlukwano kwiindawo zokunyibilika kunye nokubilisa zinokuphembelela ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwizicelo eziphezulu zokushisa, kwaye nganye ikhethiweyo ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile zokushisa zenkqubo.

Iindlela Zokulungiselela

Imveliso yeShishini yePotassium Hydroxide

Kumashishini, i-potassium hydroxide iveliswa ikakhulu nge-electrolysis ye-potassium chloride (KCl) izisombululo, inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yinkqubo ye-chloralkali. Kule ndlela, umbane wombane ugqithiswa kwisisombululo se-potassium chloride kwiseli ye-electrolytic. Kwi-anode, i-chloride ion i-oxidized ukwenza igesi ye-chlorine, ngelixa kwi-cathode, amanzi ayancipha, avelise igesi ye-hydrogen kunye ne-hydroxide ions. I-ion ye-potassium idibanisa kunye neeoni ze-hydroxide ukwenza i-potassium hydroxide.

Imveliso yeShishini yeSodium Hydroxide

I-sodium hydroxide nayo iveliswa ngenkqubo ye-chloralkali, kodwa isebenzisa i-sodium chloride (NaCl) njengento yokuqala. Ngokufana nokuveliswa kwe-potassium hydroxide, i-electrolysis yesisombululo se-sodium chloride ikhokelela ekwakhiweni kwe-sodium hydroxide kwi-cathode, kunye nesizukulwana segesi ye-chlorine kwi-anode kunye negesi ye-hydrogen kwi-cathode. Umahluko omkhulu ekulungiseleleni ulele kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nemveliso ye-potassium hydroxide exhomekeke kwi-potassium - equkethe iityuwa kunye nemveliso ye-sodium hydroxide kwi-sodium - equkethe iityuwa.

izicelo

KwiMveliso yeMichiza

Kwimveliso yeekhemikhali, i-potassium hydroxide isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yeekhemikhali ezisekelwe kwi-potassium ezifana ne-potassium phosphates, ezizichumisi ezibalulekileyo. Ikwasetyenziswa ekudityanisweni kweepholima ezithile nanjengecatalyst kwezinye ii-organic reactions. I-sodium hydroxide, kwelinye icala, isithako esiphambili kwimveliso yeesepha kunye nezokucoca. Ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-saponification, iphendula ngamafutha kunye namafutha ukuvelisa iimolekyuli zesepha kunye ne-glycerol. Ukongezelela, isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwephepha, apho inceda kwinkqubo ye-pulping ukuphula i-lignin, ukwahlula iifayili ze-cellulose zokuvelisa iphepha.

Kwi-Electroplating kunye neMetal Processing

I-Potassium hydroxide ifumana ukusetyenziswa kwiibhafu ze-electroplating, ngakumbi ukufakwa kweentsimbi ezithile njenge-zinc. Ukukwazi kwayo ukunyibilikisa i-oxides yesinyithi kunye nokugcina indawo yealkaline kunenzuzo ekufezekiseni i-coating yentsimbi egudileyo kunye nefanayo. I-sodium hydroxide isetyenziselwa ukucocwa kwetsimbi kunye neenkqubo zokunyanga komhlaba. Inokususa igrisi, i-oyile, kunye nomhlwa kumphezulu wesinyithi, izilungiselele ukusetyenzwa ngakumbi okunje ngokupeyinta okanye ukucakwa.

Kukutya kunye neeMveliso zabaThengi

I-potassium hydroxide inomda kodwa usetyenziso oluthile kwishishini lokutya. Ngokomzekelo, ingasetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-cocoa ukulungisa i-pH, echaphazela i-flavour kunye nombala wemveliso yokugqibela. Ikwasetyenziswa kwimveliso yeepretzels ezithambileyo ukwenza uphawu lwe-chewy texture. I-sodium hydroxide, kwelinye icala, isetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kweminquma ukususa ubukrakra bayo. Ikwasetyenziswa ekuveliseni ukutya okuthile - izityebi zebakala kunye nezinzinzi.

Ukhuseleko nokusingatha

Zombini i-potassium hydroxide kunye nesodium hydroxide zizinto ezonakalisa kakhulu. Zinokubangela ukutshisa okukhulu eluswini, emehlweni, nakwindlela yokuphefumla xa zidibene. Xa uphatha le michiza, izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela (PPE) ezinjengeeglavu, iiglasi, kunye needyasi zaselabhu kufuneka zinxitywe. Kwimeko yokudibana nolusu okanye amehlo, ukugungxulwa kwangoko kunye nexesha elide ngamanzi amaninzi kubalulekile. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yomahluko kwi-reactivity yabo kunye nokunyibilika, ubume beengozi ezinokubakho zinokwahluka kancinci. Umzekelo, ukunyibilika okuphezulu kwe-potassium hydroxide kwezinye izinyibilikisi kuthetha ukuba inokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezithile, inyusa umngcipheko wokuvezwa ngengozi kwezinye iimeko.

Ukuqukumbela, ngelixa i-potassium hydroxide kunye ne-sodium hydroxide yabelana ngeempawu eziqhelekileyo zokuba ziziseko eziqinileyo, ukungafani kwazo kwiikhemikhali kunye neempawu zomzimba, iindlela zokulungiselela, izicelo, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kokhuseleko kwenza ukuba zilungele iinjongo ezihlukeneyo. Ukuqonda lo mahluko kubalulekile kwiikhemisti, iinjineli, kunye nabasebenzi befektri ukuba basebenzise ezi khemikhali ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.