Inkosi yokusetyenziswa kwee-reagents ezijikelezayo: phucula ukuchaneka kokufunyanwa kokwakheka kwamaminerali

Kwimiba yokucubungula izimbiwa kunye nohlalutyo lwejoloji, ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwee -reagents ze-Flotation kubalulekile ekufumaneni ngokuchanekileyo ukwakheka kwezimbiwa. I-Flotation yinkqubo ye-physicochemical esetyenziswa kakhulu yokwahlulahlula izimbiwa kunye nokutyebisa, ixhomekeke kumahluko kwiipropati ze-physicochemical zeendawo zezimbiwa. Ngokongeza ii-reagents, i-hydrophilicity okanye i-hydrophobicity yeendawo zezimbiwa inokulungiswa, okuvumela ukwahlula kwezimbiwa ekujoliswe kuzo kwi-gangue.

Eli nqaku liza kwazisa uluhlu lweengcebiso ezisebenzayo zokunceda amagcisa aselabhoratri kunye neenjineli zemigodi ukuba ziphucule inkqubo yokudada, ukuphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokuphindaphindwa kweziphumo zovavanyo.

Okokuqala, masiqale ngeentlobo ezisisiseko zee-reagents ze-flotation— IiCollectors , iiFrothers , kunye neeModifiers . I-reagent nganye idlala indima ekhethekileyo kwinkqubo ye-flotation. IiCollectors ziphucula i-hydrophobicity yeeminerali, zikhuthaza ukunamathela kwazo kwiibhamuza zomoya; iiFrothers zinceda ukuzinzisa umaleko we-foam, zivumela iiminerali ezityebileyo ukuba zahlulwe lula kwi-slurry; ii-modifiers zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa i-pH okanye amandla e-ionic e-slurry, zidala iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuflotation kweeminerali.

Ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe okuqhubekayo, iintlobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-reagents zokudada nazo ziyanda. Ukukhethwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezi reagents akunakuphucula kuphela amazinga okubuyiselwa kwezimbiwa kunye namanqanaba kodwa kuzisa neenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nolawulo lweendleko.

Uzisebenzisa njani iiReagent zeFlotation ngokuchanekileyo?

Iintlobo zeeReagents

Iindidi ze-reagents ezisetyenziswa kwizityalo ezijikelezayo zixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana neempawu ze-ore, ukuhamba kwenkqubo, kunye nenani leemveliso zezimbiwa ezifunwayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, zimiselwa ngovavanyo lokukhetha i-ore okanye iimvavanyo ze-semi-industrial.

Ii-reagents zinokuhlelwa ngokubanzi kwiintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi yazo:

1. IiFrothers: Ii-surfactants zendalo ezisasazwa kwindawo ephakathi kwamanzi nomoya. Zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umaleko wefroth onokudada iiminerali. Iifrothers eziqhelekileyo ziquka ioyile yephayini, i-cresylic acid, kunye ne-alcohols.

2. Abaqokeleli: Umsebenzi wabo kukubamba iiminerali ekujoliswe kuzo, ukutshintsha ukunganyangeki kwamanzi kwiindawo zeeminerali ukuze kuvumeleke ukuba amasuntswana eminerali antantayo anamathele kumaqamza omoya. Ngokusekelwe kubume bawo, abaqokeleli banokwahlulwa babe ngabaqokeleli abangengabo be-polar, abaqokeleli be-anionic, kunye nabaqokeleli be-cationic. Abaqokeleli abasetyenziswa rhoqo baquka amayeza amnyama, amayeza atyheli, amayeza amhlophe, ii-fatty acids, ii-fatty amines, kunye neeoyile zeminerali.

3. Izilungisi: Izilungisi ziquka iziqalisi kunye nezithinteli, ezitshintsha iipropati zomphezulu weeminerali, zichaphazela ukusebenzisana phakathi kweeminerali kunye nabaqokeleli. Izilungisi ziquka neearhente ezisetyenziselwa ukutshintsha iipropati zeekhemikhali okanye ze-electrochemical ze-aqueous medium, ezifana nezilungisi ze-pH kunye nemeko yabaqokeleli. Iintlobo zezilungisi ziquka:

• Izilungisi ze-pH: Ilayimu, i-sodium carbonate, i-sulfuric acid, i-sulfur dioxide.

• Izinto ezivuselelayo: I-Copper sulfate, i-sodium sulfide.

• Izithinteli: Ilayimu, ityuwa yegazi etyheli, i-sodium sulfide, i-sulfur dioxide, i-sodium cyanide, i-zinc sulfate, i-potassium dichromate, iglasi yamanzi, i-tannin, ii-colloids ezinyibilikayo, istatshi, ii-polymers ezenziwe ngokwenziwa, njl.

• Ezinye: Izinto zokumanzisa, izinto zokudada, izinto zokunyibilikisa, njl.

Umthamo weReagent

Idosi yee-reagents ngexesha le-flotation kufuneka ichaneke; izixa ezingonelanga okanye ezigqithisileyo zinokuchaphazela izikhombisi zokusetyenzwa kwezimbiwa. Ukusetyenziswa okugqithisileyo kunokonyusa iindleko zokusetyenzwa.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kweSithamo seReagent kunye neZalathi zeFlotation:

• Umlinganiselo ongonelanga wokuqokelela izinto unokukhokelela ekungangeni kakuhle kwamanzi kwiiminerali, nto leyo enciphisa amazinga okubuyiselwa kwezinto. Kwelinye icala, ubuninzi obugqithisileyo bunokunciphisa umgangatho we-concentrate kwaye bubangele ubunzima ekuqhekekeni kwe-separation flotation.

• Ukungabikho komthamo owaneleyo wokukhupha igwebu kunokubangela ukuba igwebu lingaqini kakuhle, ngelixa ubuninzi obugqithisileyo bunokubangela ukuba igwebu "ligcwale kakhulu".

• Idosi encinci kakhulu ye-activator inokubangela ukuba ingasebenzi kakuhle, ngelixa ininzi kakhulu inokuphazamisa ukukhetha kwenkqubo ye-flotation.

• Umlinganiselo ongonelanga we-inhibitor unganciphisa umgangatho we-concentrate, ngelixa ubuninzi obugqithisileyo bunokunciphisa iiminerali ezifanele ukudada, nto leyo enciphisa amazinga okubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo.

Ukulungiselela kwakhona

Ii-reagents eziqinileyo zixutywa zibe lulwelo ukuze kube lula ukudibanisa. Ama-reagents angenawo amanzi afana neyeza eliphuzi, iyeza elimnyama le-amine, iglasi yamanzi, i-sodium carbonate, i-copper sulfate, kunye ne-sodium sulfide kufuneka ilungiswe njengezisombululo ezinamanzi kunye nokugxininiswa ukusuka kwi-2% ukuya kwi-10%. Ama-reagents angenawo amanzi kufuneka ahlanjululwe kwi-solvent ngaphambi kokuba alungiswe njengesisombululo samanzi sokongeza, njengabaqokeleli be-amine abanokongezwa ngokuthe ngqo, njengeNombolo ye-2 yeoli, i-31 iyeza elimnyama, kunye ne-oleic acid. Kwii-reagents ezinyibilikayo kakhulu ezifuna ubuninzi obubalulekileyo, ukulungiswa kokulungiswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-10% ukuya kwi-20%, njenge-sodium sulfide, elungiselelwe kwi-15% ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Kwii-reagents ezinganyibiliki kakuhle, izinyibilikisi ze-organic zingasetyenziselwa ukuzinyibilikisa phambi kokuba zilungiswe njengezisombululo zokuxinana okuphantsi.

Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokulungiselela iReagent kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiimpawu zeereagent, indlela yokongeza, kunye nemisebenzi yazo. Ireagent efanayo inokuba nomahluko omkhulu kwidosi kunye nemiphumo ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungiselela. Ngokubanzi, iindlela zokulungiselela eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

1. Ukulungiselela isisombululo samanzi esisuka kwi-2% ukuya kwi-10%: Uninzi lwezinto ezinyibilikayo emanzini zilungiswa ngale ndlela (umz., amayeza atyheli, i-copper sulfate, iglasi yamanzi).

2. Ukunyibilika kwi-solvent: Ezinye ii-reagents ezinganyibiliki emanzini zinokunyibilika kwii-solvents ezikhethekileyo. Umzekelo, amayeza amhlophe awanyibiliki emanzini kodwa anokunyibilika kwisisombululo se-aniline esiyi-10% ukuya kwi-20%, kwaye kufuneka asetyenziswe emva kokulungiselela isisombululo esixutyiweyo se-aniline. Ngokufanayo, amayeza amnyama e-aniline awanyibiliki emanzini kodwa anokunyibilika kwisisombululo se-alkaline se-sodium hydroxide, ngoko ke isisombululo se-alkaline sodium hydroxide kufuneka silungiswe kuqala ngaphambi kokongeza i-reagent ukwenza isisombululo se-aniline black medicine sokuflotha.

3. Ukulungiselela njenge-suspension okanye i-emulsion: Kwezinye ii-reagents eziqinileyo ezinganyibilikiyo kakuhle, zingalungiswa njenge-emulsions zokusetyenziswa. Umzekelo, i-lime ayinakunyibilika kakhulu emanzini, ngoko ke ingacolwa kakuhle ibe yi-powder kwaye ixutywe namanzi ukwenza i-suspension efana nobisi (umz., ubisi lwe-lime), okanye ingongezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwimo ye-powder eyomileyo kwi-ball mill okanye kwi-stirging tank.

4. I-Saponification: Kwizinto eziqokelela amafutha, i-saponification yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo. Umzekelo, xa kukhethwa i-hematite, kusetyenziswa isepha ye-saponified yeparafini kunye neoyile ye-tar njengesiqokeleli. Ukufaka i-saponification kwioyile ye-tar, kufuneka kongezwe malunga ne-10% ye-sodium carbonate xa kulungiswa i-reagent, kwaye ifudunyezwe ukuze kwenziwe isisombululo sesepha esishushu sokongeza.

5. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Emulsification: Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Emulsification kunokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa i-ultrasonic emulsification okanye ukuxuba ngoomatshini. Emva kokuhlanganiswa kwe-emulsification, ii-fatty acids kunye ne-diesel zinokuphucula ukusasazeka kwazo kwi-slurry, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kwee-reagents. Ukongeza ezinye ii-emulsifying agents kunokuphucula ukusebenza kwazo ngakumbi.

6. Ukuqina kwe-asidi: Xa usebenzisa ii-cationic collectors, ngenxa yokunganyibiliki kakuhle kwazo, kufuneka zinyangwe kwangaphambili nge-hydrochloric acid okanye i-acetic acid ngaphambi kokuba zinyibilike emanzini ukuze zijikeleze.

7. Indlela ye-Aerosol: Le yindlela entsha yokulungiselela ephucula ukusebenza kwee-reagents. Ibandakanya ukusebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo sokutshiza ukuze kufakwe ii-reagents kwi-air medium ngaphambi kokuba zifakwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-flotation tank, nto leyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"aerosol flotation method." Le ndlela ayiphuculi nje kuphela ukudada kweeminerali eziluncedo kodwa ikwanciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwee-reagent. Umzekelo, umthamo wabaqokeleli unokuba yi-1/3 ukuya kwi-1/4 yesixa esiqhelekileyo, ngelixa umthamo we-frother unokuba yi-1/5 kuphela.

8. Unyango lwee-reagents nge-electrochemical: Umbane othe ngqo udlula kwisisombululo sokunyanga ii-reagents ze-flotation ngekhemikhali, nto leyo enokutshintsha imeko ye-reagent, ixabiso le-pH, kunye nekhono le-redox, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa uxinzelelo lwee-reagents ezisebenzayo kakhulu, kuphakamisa uxinzelelo olubalulekileyo lokwenza ii-colloids, kunye nokuphucula ukusasazeka kwee-reagents ezinganyibilikiyo kakuhle emanzini.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abaqokeleli kunye ne-frothers bashukunyiswa imizuzu eyi-1-2, ngelixa ezinye ii-reagents, ezifana ne-potassium dichromate esetyenziselwa ukucinezela i-lead ekuhlukaneni kwe-copper-lead, inokufuna ukuvuselela ixesha elide.

Indawo yokongezwa kweReagent

Ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwee-reagents ze-flotation, umkhuba jikelele kukongeza i-adjusting agents, inhibitors, kunye nabaqokeleli abathile (umzekelo, i-kerosene) kwi-ball mill ukudala indawo efanelekileyo yokudada ngokukhawuleza. Abaqokeleli kunye nee-frothers zongezwa kakhulu kwitanki yokuqala eshukumisayo yenkqubo yokudada. Ukuba kukho amatanki amabini ashukumisayo, i-activator kufuneka yongezwe kwitanki yokuqala, ngelixa umqokeleli kunye ne-frother kufuneka yongezwe kwi-tank yesibini. Amanqaku okongezwa ahluka ngokusekelwe kwiindima ze-reagents kumatshini ojikelezayo. Ngokomzekelo, icopper sulfate, iyeza elityheli, neoli yompayina ngokuqhelekileyo zongezwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: icopper sulfate igalelwa embindini wetanki yokuqala yokuzalisa, iyeza elityheli kumbindi wetanki lesibini, kunye neoli yompayina ekuphumeni kwetanki yesibini enyakazelayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izityalo ezijikelezayo zongeza kuqala izilungisi ze-pH ukuzisa i-slurry kwi-pH efanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuvumela umqokeleli kunye ne-inhibitor ukuba isebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Xa ufaka ii-reagents, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele umba wee-ion ezithile ezinobungozi ezibangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-reagent. Ngokomzekelo, ii-ion zobhedu eziphendula nge-hydride ion zingakhokelela ekungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-hydrides. Ekuhlukaneni kwe-copper-sulfur, ukuba kukho i-ion ezininzi zobhedu kwi-tank eshukumisayo, i-cyanide ayifanele ifakwe kwitanki evuselelayo kodwa kufuneka yongezwe ngokuthe ngqo ngexesha lenkqubo yokwahlukana.

Umyalelo wokongezwa kweReagent

Umyalelo oqhelekileyo wokongezwa kwe-reagent kwizityalo ezijikelezayo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukwenzela ukujikeleza kwe-ores ekrwada, kufuneka ibe yi-pH adjusters, inhibitors okanye i-activators, i-frothers, kunye nabaqokeleli; kwiiminerali eziye zavinjelwa ngexesha lokuhamba, i-odolo i-activators, abaqokeleli, kunye ne-frothers.

Iindlela zokongezwa kweReagent

Kukho iindlela ezimbini ngokubanzi zokongeza ii-reagents: ukudibanisa okuphakathi kunye nokudibanisa okuchithwayo. Ukhetho lwendlela yokudibanisa kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo zombini iintlobo ze-reagent kunye nezenzo ze-reagents.

1. Ukongezwa okuQhelekileyo: Uninzi lwee-reagents zongezwa phakathi; umzekelo, iziqokeleli, izinto ezivuselelayo, kunye nezithinteli zongezwa kwiitanki zokuxovula.

2. Ukongezwa Okusasazekayo: Ezinye ii-reagents zingongezwa ngqo kwi-flotation tank, edla ngokusetyenziswa kwii-reagents eziguquguqukayo okanye ezinobuthathaka kwezinye ii-reagents. Umzekelo, ukuba ii-reagents ze-flotation zibangela iziphumo ezinobungozi kwenye kwenye (umz., impembelelo embi ye-sodium sulfide engaphezulu kwi-activated flotation), ii-reagents zingongezwa ngqo kumatshini we-flotation.

isiphelo

Ngokhetho oluchanekileyo, ukulungiswa, ukulinganisa, kunye nokongezwa kwee-reagents ezijikelezayo, ukusetyenzwa kwezimbiwa kunye nohlalutyo lwejoloji lunokuphuculwa, luphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweemvavanyo kunye nohlalutyo. Ezi ngcebiso zokusebenza zijolise ekuncedeni amagcisa aselabhoratri kunye neenjineli zemigodi ekusebenziseni ngcono ii-reagents ezijikelezayo, ezikhokelela kuphuculo lokusebenza kunye neziphumo ezithembekileyo.