Zeziphi iindlela ezisebenzayo zonyango lwetyhefu yecyanide?

Sodium i-cyanide Yikhompawundi eyityhefu kakhulu ebeka imingcipheko ebalulekileyo yempilo xa usesichengeni. Inokungena emzimbeni ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukuphefumla, ukudibana kwesikhumba, okanye ukungeniswa. Ukuqonda uhlobo lwetyhefu ye-cyanide kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo lubalulekile kulawulo olusebenzayo kunye nokubuyisela. Eli nqaku lijolise ekunikezeni isishwankathelo esineenkcukacha Ityhefu yesodium cyanide, iimpawu zayo, kunye neendlela ezicetyiswayo zonyango.

Yintoni i Isodium cyanide?

Isodium cyanide yityuwa emhlophe, enyibilikayo emanzini esetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiinkqubo zoshishino ezifana nokumbiwa kwegolide kunye ne-electroplating. Ikwasetyenziswa nakwiinkqubo ezithile zokwenziwa kweekhemikhali. Ngenxa yobutyhefu bayo, sodium cyanide ihlelwa njengezinto ezinobungozi kwaye ukuvezwa kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezibi kakhulu zempilo, kubandakanya nokufa.

Ityhefu Mechanism

I-Cyanide isebenza ngokuthintela amandla omzimba okusebenzisa ioksijini. Ibophelela kwi-cytochrome c oxidase, i-enzyme ebalulekileyo kwikhonkco lokuthutha i-electron mitochondrial, ikhusela iiseli ekusebenziseni ioksijini ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kubangela i-hypoxia yeselula, ethi, ukuba ayiphathwa ngokukhawuleza, inokukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwelungu ngokukhawuleza kunye nokufa.

Iimpawu zo Isodium cyanide utyhefu

Iimpawu zetyhefu ye-sodium cyanide zinokuvela ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziquka:

• Uxinzelelo lokuphefumla: ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuphefumla okunzulu, okanye ukuyeka ukuphefumla.

• Iimpawu zeNeurological: Intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, ukudideka, ukuxhuzula, okanye ukulahlekelwa zingqondo.

• Iziphumo zentliziyo: Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, okanye ukubanjwa kwentliziyo.

• Iimpawu zesisu: isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, okanye intlungu yesisu.

• ULUSU KUNYE NOLUSU LWEMEHLO: Ububomvu, imvakalelo evuthayo okanye ukutshisa kweekhemikhali xa udibana.

Ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiCyanide Poisoning

Ukuba kukrokrelwa ityhefu ye-sodium cyanide, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo akhawulezileyo. Nanga amanyathelo ekufuneka uwalandele:

1. Susa izigulana kwindawo yokuvezwa: Ukukhupha izigulane ngokukhawuleza kwindawo engcolileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvezwa okungaphezulu.

2. UKUKHUTSHWA KWEENKONZO: Ukuba isigulane siye sadibana ne-sodium cyanide ngesikhumba okanye amehlo, susa zonke iimpahla ezingcolileyo kwaye uhlambe indawo echaphazelekayo ngamanzi amaninzi okanye i-saline ubuncinane imizuzu emi-5. Qinisekisa ukukhusela amehlo akho ngeli xesha.

3. Ukuhlamba isisu: Ukuba i-sodium cyanide ifakwe, ukuhlamba isisu kufuneka kwenziwe ngesisombululo se-oxidant (njenge-5% ye-sodium thiosulfate okanye i-0.02% ye-potassium permanganate). Ukuhlanjululwa kwesisu kufuneka kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza ukuze kuncitshiswe ukufunxa.

4. Ukhathalelo lweNkxaso: Ukuba isigulana sibonakalisa ukuphefumla ngokungekho nzulu okanye siyekile ukuphefumla, nikezela ngezivuseleli zokuphefumla okanye ukuphefumla okwenziwayo ngoko nangoko.

Unyango lweziyobisi lwetyhefu ye-cyanide

Emva kokuba isigulane sizinzile, amayeza athile angasetyenziselwa ukuchasana nemiphumo ye-cyanide:

1. I-Amyl nitrite: Gcoba i-amyl nitrite capsule kwitshefu kwaye isigulane siphefumle umphunga. Eli liyeza elikhawulezayo eliguqula i-hemoglobin ibe yi-methemoglobin, ebophelela kwi-cyanide kwaye yehlise ubuthi bayo.

2. Isodium nitrite: I-nitrite ye-sodium ichithwa kwisisombululo se-glucose, umthamo ngu-6-12 mg / kg, i-injection ye-intravenous. Isitofu kufuneka sicothe, singabi ngaphantsi kwemizuzu eyi-10. Ukubeka iliso kuxinzelelo lwegazi lwesigulana, kuba i-nitrite yesodium inokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi lwehla kakhulu, iyeza kufuneka liyekwe.

3. I-Sodium Thiosulfate: emva kokuba Inaliti yesodium nitrite, I-50% ye-sodium thiosulfate ifakwe kwizinga elifanayo. Le khompawundi isebenza njengomnikeli wesulfure, iququzelela ukuguqulwa kwe-cyanide ibe yi-thiocyanate, enetyhefu encinci kwaye inokukhutshwa ngeentso. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, isiqingatha okanye idosi epheleleyo inokuphinda iphindwe iyure enye kamva.

4. Ukuqwalaselwa: Kwizigulane ezinetyhefu encinci, i-sodium thiosulfate iyodwa inokwanela. Emva konyango lokuqala, isigulane kufuneka sibekwe esweni iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu aziphindi.

Amanqaku abalulekileyo

• Umngcipheko wokugqithiswa kwedosi: Zombini i-nitrite ye-sodium kunye ne-sodium thiosulfate inokubangela ubuthi xa ithathwa kwiidosi ezigqithisileyo. Ukudosa ngononophelo kunye nokubeka iliso kubalulekile ukuthintela ukusabela okungalunganga.

• Ukubeka iliso ixesha elide: Emva kokuba isigaba esinzima setyhefu siphantsi kolawulo, isigulane kufuneka sigcinwe kuzo naziphi na iimpawu zokulibaziseka okanye iingxaki. Oku kubandakanya ukubeka iliso kwiintsilelo zemithambo-luvo okanye iingxaki zokuphefumla.

• ULungelo oluNgxamisekileyo: Amaziko okhathalelo lwempilo kufuneka abe nemigaqo esebenzayo yokujongana netyhefu yecyanide, kubandakanywa nokubakho kwamayeza okuthomalalisa kunye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo ukuze basabele kwezo meko zikaxakeka.

ukuququmbela

Ityhefu ye-sodium cyanide yimeko engxamisekileyo yonyango efuna ukuqatshelwa kunye nonyango ngokukhawuleza. Ukwazi iimpawu kunye neempendulo ezifanelekileyo kunokuphucula kakhulu iziphumo zonyango kwabo bachaphazelekayo. Ngokulandela iiprothokholi zonyango ezisekiweyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukutshatyalaliswa okufanelekileyo, ababoneleli bezempilo banokulawula ngokufanelekileyo ubuthi be-cyanide kunye nokunciphisa iziphumo ezinokuthi zibulale. Ngalo lonke ixesha khumbula ukuba kwiimeko apho ukrokrelwa ukuba utyhefekile, ukhathalelo lwezonyango olukhawulezileyo lubalulekile.