I-Sodium Cyanide: Ukusetyenziswa okuPhambili kwiMigodi naNgaphandle kwayo

Iyingozi kangakanani iSodium Cyanide?

I-sodium cyanide yipowder emhlophe okanye iigranules ezi-crystalline ezi-hygroscopic kwaye zinevumba elibi le-almond. Inyibilika kakhulu emanzini kwaye ikhawuleza inyibilike ukuze yenze i-hydrogen cyanide, isisombululo sayo samanzi siyi-alkaline enamandla. Yinto ebalulekileyo esisiseko yekhemikhali eluhlaza. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, inetyhefu kakhulu; ukudibana namanxeba esikhumba, ukuphefumla, okanye ukuginya nokuba kuncinci kunokukhokelela ekutyhefweni nasekufeni.

Ukusebenzisa i-LD50 ekhankanyiweyo rhoqo (idosi efunekayo ukubulala isiqingatha sezilwanyana ezivavanyiweyo ngexesha elithile), i-arsenic ine-LD50 ye-14.6 mg/kg (ethathwa ngomlomo kwiimpuku), ngelixa i-Sodium cyanide ine-LD50 ye-6.44 mg/kg (ethathwa ngomlomo kwiimpuku). Oku kuthetha ukuba i-Sodium Cyanide inamandla ngokuphindwe kathathu kune-arsenic.

Okubi nangakumbi kukuba la ma-cyanides anetyhefu kakhulu anyibilika lula emanzini, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimiphumo ekhawulezileyo. Ukufa kunokuvela kwimizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwiyure e-1, nto leyo eshiya iingcali zonyango zinethuba elincinci kakhulu lokuhlangula. Xa kuthelekiswa, i-arsenic isebenza kancinci; iimpawu zisenokungabonakali de kube yiyure emva kokuyitya, kwaye ukufa kunokuvela kwiiyure ezininzi okanye kwanosuku olunye emva koko.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso yeSodium Cyanide

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusetyenziswa kwe -sodium cyanide kuye kwanda kakhulu. Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kujoliswe kakhulu ekuqulunqweni kweekhemikhali, okumalunga ne-40% yesabelo semarike; icandelo lamayeza limalunga ne-10%; izibulali-zinambuzane zimalunga ne-8%; kwaye ishishini le-electroplating limalunga ne-20%. Ukusetyenziswa okuseleyo kukwiikhemikhali ezintle. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokukhula kwemfuno yegolide, imfuno ye-sodium cyanide emigodini inyuke kakhulu. Umzekelo, ngo-2013, ukuthengiswa kwe-sodium cyanide esetyenziselwa ukutsalwa kwegolide bekuphindwe kabini ukuya kathathu kunoko kwango-2012. kwaye imakethi yezibulali-zinambuzane nayo ibone ukwanda okukhulu, ngakumbi kwi-glyphosate kunye neemveliso ezifanayo.

1. Iidayi

Isodium cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza idayi. Idayi ezinokuthi zidityaniswe ngoku iquka iYellow 139. Yellow 150. indigo, brilliant blue, fluorescent whitening agent VBL, kunye ne Disperse Green GL, phakathi kwezinye.

2. Amayeza

I-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ama-pharmaceutical intermediate, ukubonelela ngemathiriyeli ekrwada ebalulekileyo kwiimveliso zokugqibela zamayeza. Iziyobisi eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-penicillin, i-pregabalin, i-ketoprofen, i-tranexamic acid, i-vitamin B6. i-folic acid, i-guanine, i-acyclovir, i-gabapentin, i-butyrophenone, i-barbiturates, i-fluoroquinolones, i-caffeine, i-cough suppressants, amayeza esisu, i-analgesics, i-berberine, i-atorvastatin, kunye ne-phenylpropanolamine.

3. Amayeza ezinambuzane

I-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi, asetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizityalo kunye nemifuno. I-pesticides eqhelekileyo iquka i-glyphosate, i-cypermethrin, i-paraquat, i-cyantraniliprole, i-sulfentrazone, i-pyraclostrobin, i-benzoylpropionic acid, i-oxime esters, i-atrazine, i-cyanazine, kunye nee-agent ezahlukeneyo zokulawula izifo zerayisi.

4. Ukuchongwa kombane

I-sodium cyanide inokwenza ii-complexes ezineentsimbi ezininzi, iyenza isetyenziswe ngokuqhelekileyo kwishishini le-electroplating njenge-electrolyte yobhedu, i-cadmium, i-zinc, kunye nesilivere. I-ion complexes yensimbi kwezi electrolytes zinokufaka phezu kwezinto zokusebenza, zenze ifilimu encinci ekhusela iimveliso zetsimbi.

5. Imigodi

I-sodium cyanide inamandla okunyibilikisa igolide nesilivere, yenze i-soluble cyanide complexes, yiyo loo nto isetyenziswa ekwembiweni ukuze kufunyanwe igolide, isilivere, kunye neentsimbi ezingezizo i-ferrous. Kwimigodi yegolide yasekhaya ekumgangatho ophantsi, ukukhutshwa kwegolide okuninzi kwenziwa kusetyenziswa indlela ye-"heap leaching" nge-sodium cyanide. Le nkqubo yokukhupha inenzuzo enkulu yeendleko. Indlela ye-"heap leaching" ibandakanya ukutshiza isisombululo se-sodium cyanide kwinqwaba ye-ore, okuvumela ukuba izinto ekujoliswe kuzo zinyibilike kwisisombululo, apho igolide ifunyanwa khona. Nangona iiCyanides ziqatshelwa njengee-agents ezisebenzayo zokukhupha igolide, ubume bazo obunobungozi bubangela iinkxalabo, kwaye inkunkuma ye-cyanide inokonakalisa kakhulu okusingqongileyo. Ke ngoko, iindlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-chlorination, i-acidification, kunye ne-activated carbon adsorption catalytic oxidation, zisetyenziswa eTshayina kunyango lwe-cyanide tailings. Iindlela ezilungileyo zokukhupha igolide ziquka ukusebenzisa ezinye iindlela ezingenayo i-cyanide kunye ne-low-cyanide.

6. Olunye Usetyenziso

Ukongeza kwezi zicelo zingentla, i-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa i-amino acids, i-L-carnitine, i-lactic acid, i-creatine, i-chelating agents, i-cyanate esters, i-Absorbers ye-UV, i-stabilizers yokukhanya, kunye neziqhumiso, phakathi kwezinye iimveliso zekhemikhali.

Isodium cyanide, umntu ngamnye unokuzikhusela njani?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yile: abantu abangaphandle kufuneka bafudukele kwindawo emalunga neekhilomitha ezimbini ukusuka kwindawo yengozi baze babuyele emoyeni ukuze bangadibani nayo nayiphi na imichiza.

Ukudibana nolusu: Khupha impahla engcolileyo ngoko nangoko uze uhlambe kakuhle indawo echaphazelekayo ngamanzi abalekayo okanye isisombululo se-5% sodium thiosulfate ubuncinane imizuzu engama-20. Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ukudibana kwamehlo: Hlamba amehlo ngoko nangoko ngamanzi amaninzi abalekayo okanye isisombululo se-saline ubuncinane imizuzu eli-15. Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuphefumla: Yishiye ngokukhawuleza le ndawo uye kwindawo enomoya omtsha. Ukuba kukho ubunzima bokuphefumla, nika ioksijini. Ukuba ukuphefumla kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo kuyeka, ngoko nangoko yenza ukuphefumla okwenziweyo (sukuyisebenzisa umlomo nomlomo) kunye nokucinezela isifuba.

Ukuginya: Sela amanzi afudumeleyo aneleyo ukuze uhlanze. Sebenzisa isisombululo se-1:5000 potassium permanganate okanye isisombululo se-5% sodium thiosulfate ukuze uhlambe isisu. Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.

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Iingcebiso ezifudumeleyo:Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ulwazi oluthe kratya, njengokucaphula, iimveliso, izisombululo, njl.