IiNkcazo eziqhelekileyo kunye neemeko zeSicelo seSodium Cyanide

intshayelelo

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) yikhompawundi yeekhemikhali enemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yemizi-mveliso, nangona iyingozi kakhulu. Yinto emhlophe, eyikristale eqinileyo enyibilika kakhulu emanzini. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga iinkcukacha eziqhelekileyo ze sodium cyanide kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo okwahlukeneyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo.

Ukucaciswa okuqhelekileyo

Amanqanaba Obunyulu

• 98% Ubunyulu: Eli libakala elixhaphakileyo kwimarike. Kuba eqinileyo Isodium cyanide, kweli nqanaba lococeko, icandelo eliphambili, Isodium cyanide (NaCN), kufuneka ibe khona ubuncinane be-98.0%. Ngaloo nto, ezinye iiparitha ezifana nomxholo we-NaOH kufuneka zibe ngu-≤0.3%, i-Na₂CO₃ ≤0.2%, umswakama ≤0.2%, kunye nombandela ongaxutywanga emanzini ≤0.01%. Eli bakala lifanelekile kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zemizi-mveliso apho kufuneka umgangatho ophezulu wokucoceka kodwa kungekhona ukuchaneka ngokugqithiseleyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye iinkqubo zokucoca isinyithi, le 98% ye-sodium cyanide ecocekileyo inokususa ngokufanelekileyo i-oxides kunye nezinto ezingcolileyo.

• 99% Ubunyulu: Ukumela ibakala eliphezulu, i-sodium cyanide eqinile kunye ne-99% yobunyulu inemilinganiselo engqongqo. Umxholo we-NaCN kufuneka ube ngu-≥99.0%, kunye nomswakama ≤0.5%, umbandela ongaxutywanga emanzini ≤0.01%, i-cyanide ≤0.01%, i-chloride ≤0.20%, kunye ne-sulfate ≤0.07%. Eli nqanaba liphezulu lokucoceka lihlala lisetyenziswa kwizicelo apho ubukho bokungcola bunokuphazamisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali. Kwimveliso yezisombululo ezithile zomgangatho ophezulu we-electroplating, i-99% ye-sodium cyanide ecocekileyo inceda ekufezekiseni iyunifomu engaphezulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wokutyabeka kwesinyithi.

Iifom zoMzimba

• solid: I-sodium cyanide ixhaphake ngokufumaneka kwifomu eqinileyo, enokuthi ibe kwimilo yeebhloko, i-crystalline particles, okanye umgubo. Iifom eziqinileyo zikhethwa ukuze kube lula ukugcinwa kunye nokuthutha kwimigama emide. Ifomu eqinileyo ayinakukwazi ukuvuza ngexesha lokuhamba xa kuthelekiswa nolwelo. Ihlala ipakishwa kwiingxowa ezitywiniweyo kabini ngaphakathi kwekhreyithi yamaplanga, enobunzima obumalunga netoni enye. I-sodium cyanide eqinile isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi icandelo lezemigodi yokutsalwa kwegolide. Iibrikethi, ezimalunga ne-98% ezisulungekileyo kwaye zibonakala zimhlophe, zifana neebrikethi zamalahle kwaye zilungele ukuphathwa kwimisebenzi yemigodi emikhulu.

• Utywala: I-cyanide ye-sodium ye-Liquid, nangona ingaxhaphakanga ngenxa yokuthutha kunye nemingeni yokugcina, iyafumaneka. Ugxininiso oluqhelekileyo lwesodium cyanide elulwelo olusetyenziswa kwezinye izicelo ngama-30%. Kule fomu, umxholo we-NaCN kufuneka ube ≥30.0%, kunye ne-NaOH ≤1.0%, Na₂CO₃ ≤1.0%, i-NaCl ≤0.027%, kunye ne-NaCOOH ≤0.60%, kunye ne-APHA (umlinganiselo wombala) ixabiso.≤100 Ulwelo lwe-sodium cyanide lusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezithile zemizi-mveliso apho kufuneka uhlobo lomchiza olulinganayo nolusasazeke ngokulula, njengakwindlela ethile yobuchule bokugrumba imigodi.

Imeko yokusetyenziswa kwesicelo

Icandelo lezemigodi

• Igolide kunye nokutsalwa kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo: Isodium cyanide isetyenziswa kakhulu emigodini yegolide nezinye iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yicyanide leaching okanye gold cyanidation, ithatha ithuba lokudityaniswa okuphezulu kwegolide (I) ukuya kwicyanide. Phambi komoya (ioksijini) kunye namanzi, intsimbi yegolide i-oxidize kwaye inyibilika, yenze i-cyanide yegolide (okanye i-sodium cyanide yegolide) kunye ne-sodium hydroxide. Ukusabela kweekhemikhali kunokubonakaliswa njenge: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH. Iintsimbi zomgangatho ophantsi zinokusetyenzwa kusetyenziswa le ndlela, iyenze ibe yindleko-indlela esebenzayo yokukhupha igolide. Uhlobo oluqinileyo lwesodium cyanide, ingakumbi i-98% yebriquette esulungekileyo, iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwimigodi emikhulu ngenxa yokuphatha ngokulula kunye nokuxinana okuphezulu kwesithako esisebenzayo.

Imveliso yeMichiza

• Ukuhlanganiswa kweNitriles: Isodium cyanide isebenza njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuqala ukwakheka kweenitriles. I-cyanide ion (CN⁻) kwi-sodium cyanide isebenza njenge-nucleophile, inika i-electron pair ukwenza i-chemical bond. Ii-nitriles zizinto ezibalulekileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lweekhemikhali kunye namayeza. Ngokomzekelo, i-acrylonitrile, esetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweentsinga zokwenziwa njenge-acrylic kunye nokuveliswa kweeplastiki, inokuguqulwa kusetyenziswa i-sodium cyanide njengento ephakathi.

• Ukuveliswa kwe-Hydrocyanic Acid kunye nezinye iiCyanides: Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-hydrocyanic acid (HCN), eyi-precursor yezinye izinto ezininzi zeekhemikhali. Ukongeza, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-inorganic iicyanides ezifana ne-potassium cyanide (KCN), i-cyanuric chloride, kunye ne-cyanogen chloride. Ezi IiCyanides fumana izicelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwi-electroplating ukuya kwi-chemical synthesis.

Ukulungiswa kwensimbi

• Ukucoca iMetal: I-sodium cyanide isetyenziswa njengesicoci sesinyithi. Iyakwazi ukususa ngokufanelekileyo i-oxides engaphezulu kunye nokungcola kwisinyithi, ukuphucula umgangatho ophezulu wesinyithi. Oku kubalulekile kwiinkqubo apho kufuneka umgangatho wesinyithi ococekileyo ukwenzela unyango olulandelayo olufana nokupeyinta, ukugquma, okanye i-soldering. Ikhono le-sodium cyanide ukusabela kunye nee-oxide zetsimbi kunye nokuyinyibilika kwenza kube yinto eluncedo ekulungiseleleni umphezulu wesinyithi.

• I-Electroplating: Kwi-electroplating, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukudala izisombululo ze-electroplating. Inceda ekubekeni umaleko obhityileyo wesinyithi kwi-substrate, ukuphucula inkangeleko, ukumelana nokubola, kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kwento. Umzekelo, kwiplating yesilivere, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziswa kwindawo yokuhlambela ukuququzelela ukubekwa okufanayo kweeyoni zesilivere kwinto etyatywayo. Ukucoceka kwe-sodium cyanide, ngakumbi i-99% yebanga, ibalulekile kwi-electroplating ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuhambelana kwesinyithi.

Icandelo lezamayeza

• Eliphakathi kwi-Drug Synthesis: I-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziswa njengendawo ephakathi kwi-synthesis yamachiza athile. Ngokomzekelo, xa kuveliswa amanye amayeza okuthomalalisa iintlungu ( amayeza okuthomalalisa iintlungu) kunye namachiza okuxhuzula, i<em>sodium cyanide ibandakanyeka kumxube wemichiza eyila amayeza aphambili. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yetyhefu egqithisileyo, imigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko iyalandelwa ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwayo kwimveliso yamayeza.

Ezinye iiNkqubo

• Kwimveliso yeedayi: Isodium cyanide isetyenziswa ekwenzeni idayi. Ithatha inxaxheba kwiikhemikhali ezinceda ekudaleni iichromophores (inxalenye yemolekyuli enika umbala) kwiidayi. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zedayi, ezifana nezo zisetyenziswa kwishishini le-textile, zinokufuna i-sodium cyanide kwinkqubo yabo yokudibanisa.

• Njenge-rodenticide (nangona ingaqhelekanga): Ngokwembali, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziswe njenge-rodenticide. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yetyhefu egqithisileyo kwizinto ezingajoliswanga kunye nabantu, kunye nokubanakho ukungcoliseka kwendalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo njenge-rodenticide kuye kwancitshiswa kakhulu.

Iingqwalaselo zoKhuseleko

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-sodium cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu. Isenokubulala xa irholiwe, ifunxe eluswini, okanye iginywe. Nangona ixabiso elincinci, elingaphantsi kwe-5 mg / kg ubunzima bomzimba kumntu we-70 - kg, unokubulala. Xa idibana nomoya omanzi okanye amanzi, ikhupha igesi edlayo, enokutsha, kunye netyhefu yehydrogen cyanide. Ke ngoko, amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko kufuneka athotyelwe xa uphatha, ugcina, kwaye uhambisa i-sodium cyanide. Abasebenzi kumashishini asebenzisa i-sodium cyanide kufuneka babonelelwe ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela, kunye neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokungenisa umoya kufuneka zibe khona ukuthintela ukwakhiwa kweegesi ezinetyhefu.

isiphelo

I-sodium cyanide, nangona inetyhefu ephezulu, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini amaninzi ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa zeekhemikhali. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-98% kunye ne-99% yococeko kwiifom eziqinileyo kunye nolwelo zibonelela ngeemfuno ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso. Ukusuka kwimigodi yesinyithi exabisekileyo ukuya kwimichiza edityanisiweyo kunye namayeza, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyahluka. Nangona kunjalo, imingcipheko ehambelana nayo ifuna ukuphunyezwa kokhuseleko olungqongqo kunye nemilinganiselo yokukhusela okusingqongileyo ukuqinisekisa impilo yabasebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo.