Utshintsho lokuHamba: Ulwalathiso lwexesha elizayo loShishino lweMichiza

Imeko yehlabathi itshintsha ngokukhawuleza, ichaphazela ubume bendawo yeekhemikhali ezenziwe kwinkulungwane edlulileyo. Njengeyona marike inkulu yabathengi emhlabeni, i-China ngokuthe ngcembe ithatha umsebenzi obalulekileyo wokuguqula imichiza. Ishishini lemichiza laseYurophu liyaqhubeka nokuphuhla lisingise kwishishini lemichiza ephezulu, kwaye ishishini lemichiza laseMntla Melika libangela "ukuguqula urhwebo lwehlabathi" kurhwebo lweekhemikhali. Ishishini lemichiza kuMbindi Mpuma kunye naseMpuma Yurophu ngokuthe ngcembe likhulisa ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso, liphucula amandla okusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nokhuphiswano lwehlabathi. Imizi-mveliso yeekhemikhali kwihlabathi jikelele isebenzisa iinzuzo zabo ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso, kwaye ipateni yeshishini lemichiza yehlabathi inokuthi itshintshe kakhulu kwixesha elizayo.

Indlela yophuhliso lweshishini lemichiza yehlabathi ishwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

"Isibini" ICarbon"Indlela esetyenziswa ngayo le nkampani isenokutshintsha indlela ezibekwe ngayo izinto kwiinkampani ezininzi zepetrochemical."

Amazwe amaninzi ehlabathini avakalise ngokulandelelana ukuba iChina iya kufikelela kwincopho yayo yekhabhoni ngo-2030 kwaye ifezekise ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ngo-2060. Nangona imeko yangoku "yekhabhoni emibini" ilinganiselwe, ngokubanzi, "ikhabhoni ezimbini" iseyimilinganiselo ekufuneka ihlabathi liyithathele ukujamelana nokufudumala kwemozulu.

ukusukela Ushishino lwePetrochemical I-akhawunti yomlinganiselo omkhulu wokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, lishishini elifuna ukwenza uhlengahlengiso olukhulu phantsi kweendlela ezimbini zekhabhoni. Uhlengahlengiso olucwangcisiweyo lweenkampani zepetrochemical ukujongana nemeko yekhabhoni emibini ibisoloko igxininise kushishino.

Ngaphantsi kweendlela ezimbini zekhabhoni, izalathiso zohlengahlengiso lwesicwangciso se-oyile yaseYurophu kunye neMelika yamazwe ngamazwe iyafana. Phakathi kwazo, izigebenga zeoyile zaseMelika ziya kugxila ekuphuhliseni ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni kunye netekhnoloji ehambelana nokutywinwa kwekhabhoni, kunye nokuphuhlisa ngamandla amandla e-biomass. Izikhulu ze-oyile zaseYurophu kunye nezinye zamazwe ngamazwe ziya kutshintshela kumandla avuselelekayo, umbane ococekileyo kunye nezinye iindlela.

Kwixesha elizayo, phantsi kwendlela yophuhliso jikelele "yekhabhoni ezimbini", ishishini lemichiza yehlabathi linokuthi lenze utshintsho olukhulu, kwaye ezinye izikhulu ze-oyile zamazwe ngamazwe zinokuvela kubaboneleli benkonzo ye-oyile bokuqala ukuya kubaboneleli beenkonzo zamandla amatsha, ukutshintsha ukuma kweshishini kwinkulungwane edlulileyo.

Iinkampani zeekhemikhali zehlabathi ziya kuqhubeka nokukhawulezisa ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo

Ngophuhliso lweshishini lehlabathi, ukuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso kunye nokuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa okuziswe yimarike yesiphelo kukhuthaze imarike entsha yeekhemikhali ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye kwakhuthaza umjikelo omtsha wohlengahlengiso lwesakhiwo kunye nophuculo lweshishini lemichiza yehlabathi.

Ngokubhekiselele kumkhombandlela wophuculo lwesakhiwo semizi-mveliso yehlabathi, kwelinye icala, kukuphuculwa kwamandla e-biomass kunye namandla amatsha; kwelinye icala, zizinto ezintsha, izinto ezisebenzayo, iikhemikhali ze-elektroniki, izinto zefilimu, ezintsha Iikhrayithi, njl.njl. Phantsi kobunkokheli bee-petrochemical giants zamazwe ngamazwe, isikhokelo sokuphuculwa kwezi mizi-mveliso yeekhemikhali zehlabathi siya kujikeleza kwizinto ezintsha, iinzululwazi zobomi kunye nenzululwazi yokusingqongileyo.

Ukukhanyiswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada yeekhemikhali kuzise inguqu yehlabathi kulwakhiwo lweemveliso zemichiza

Ngokukhula kobonelelo lwe-oyile ekrwada e-United States, i-United States itshintshile ukusuka ekubeni ngumrhwebi wokuqala we-oyile ekrwada kumazwe angaphandle ukuya kumthengisi okhoyo ngoku we-oyile ekrwada, engakhange izise nje utshintsho olukhulu kulwakhiwo lwamandla e-United States, kodwa ikwanempembelelo enkulu kubume bamandla ehlabathi. I-oyile ye-shale yase-US yi-oyile ekrwada ekhaphukhaphu, kwaye ukonyuka kwe-oyile ye-shale yase-US ngokuhambelanayo kwandise ukonyuka kwe-oyile ekrwada ekukhanyeni kwehlabathi.

Nangona kunjalo, ngokubhekisele eTshayina, iTshayina ngumthengi we-oyile ekrwada yehlabathi. Iiprojekthi ezininzi zokusulungekiswa kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweekhemikhali ezisakhiwayo zisekelwe ikakhulu kuluhlu olupheleleyo lwe-oyile ekrwada, efuna kungekuphela nje i-oyile ekrwada elula kodwa neoli ekrwada kakhulu.

Ngokwembono yobonelelo kunye nemfuno, kulindeleke ukuba ukukhanya kwehlabathi kunye nomsantsa onzima wexabiso le-oyile ekrwada uya kucutheka kancinci kancinci, kuzise ezi mpembelelo zilandelayo kushishino lweekhemikhali zehlabathi:

Okokuqala, ukucutheka kwe-arbitrage ye-oyile ekrwada elula kunye nenzima ebangelwa kukucutheka kokukhanya kunye nesikhewu esinzima se-oyile ekrwada kuchaphazele indlela yokuziphatha eqikelelwayo kunye ne-arbitrage yexabiso leoli njengemodeli yeshishini eliphambili, elilungele ukusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwimakethi yeoli ekrwada yehlabathi.

Okwesibini, ngokunyuka kwe-oyile ekhanyayo kunye nokuhla kwamaxabiso, kulindeleke ukuba kwandiswe ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile ekhanyayo kwihlabathi jikelele kunye nokwandisa umlinganiselo wemveliso ye-naphtha. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kwendlela yehlabathi yokukhanya okuqhekeka kwemathiriyeli ekrwada, ukusetyenziswa kwe-naphtha kulindeleke ukuba kwehle, okunokukhokelela ekwenyukeni kokuchasana phakathi konikezelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-naphtha, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa ixabiso elilindelweyo le-naphtha.

Okwesithathu, ukukhula konikezelo lwe-oyile ekhanyayo kuya kunciphisa imveliso yemveliso enzima esezantsi esekelwe kwi-oyile epheleleyo, njengeemveliso ezinevumba elimnandi, idizili, i-petroleum coke, njl.

Okwesine, ukucuthwa komsantsa wamaxabiso phakathi kwe-oyile ekrwada ekhaphukhaphu kunye nenzima inokunyusa iindleko zemathiriyeli ekrwada yamashishini osulungekileyo adibeneyo, ngokwenjenjalo kuncitshiswe inzuzo elindelweyo kwiiprojekthi ezihlanganisiweyo zokucokisa. Phantsi kwalo mkhwa, uphuhliso lwezinga lokusulungekiswa kwamashishini okucokisa adibeneyo nawo aya kukhuthazwa.

Ushishino lweekhemikhali zehlabathi lunokukhuthaza ukudityaniswa okuninzi kunye nohlengahlengiso

Ngaphantsi kwemvelaphi "yekhabhoni ezimbini", "ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo samandla" kunye "ne-anti-globalization", indawo ekhuphisanayo yamashishini amancinci naphakathi kuya kuba nzima kakhulu, kwaye izinto ezingalunganga ezifana nesikali, indleko, inkunzi, iteknoloji, kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo kuya kuchaphazela kakhulu amashishini amancinci naphakathi.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iingxilimbela zepetrochemical zamazwe ngamazwe ziqhuba ukudityaniswa kweshishini kunye nokwenza ngcono. Kwelinye icala, baya kuphelisa ngokuthe ngcembe amashishini epetrochemical asebenzisa amandla aphezulu, ixabiso elongezelelweyo eliphantsi, kunye nongcoliseko oluphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuze kuphunyezwe ingqwalasela yoshishino lwehlabathi, i-petrochemical giants iya kuhlawula ngakumbi nangakumbi ingqalelo ekudibaneni kunye nokufunyanwa kunye nohlengahlengiso. Ubungakanani bomsebenzi kunye nenani lokudityaniswa kunye nokufunyanwa kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwakhona ziziseko ezibalulekileyo zokuvavanya umjikelo woshishino lweekhemikhali zendawo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokubhekiselele kuqoqosho olukhulayo, basasebenzisa ukuzakhela njengemodeli yophuhliso oluphambili kwaye bafezekise ulwando olukhawulezayo nolukhulu ngokufumana imali.

Kulindeleke ukuba ukudityaniswa kwemichiza kunye nohlengahlengiso kugxininiswe ikakhulu kumazwe aphuhlileyo anje ngeYurophu ne-United States, kwaye uqoqosho olusakhulayo olumelwe yi-China lunokuthatha inxaxheba ngokuphakathi.

Isikhokelo sesicwangciso sexesha eliphakathi kunye nexesha elide lezikhulu zemichiza sinokugxila ngakumbi

Ukulandela isikhokelo sophuhliso lweqhinga le IiNgxilimbela zeMichiza yeHlabathi sisicwangciso solandelelo esilondolozayo, kodwa sinentsingiselo ethile yesalathiso.

Ukujonga imilinganiselo ye-petrochemical giants, ezininzi zazo zaqala kwintsimi ethile yobuchwephesha kwaye zaqala ukuhlukana kunye nokwandisa. Ingqiqo yophuhliso iyonke inomlinganiselo othile, ukudibanisa-ukwahlukana-ukwahlukana-ukwahlukana kwakhona ... Okwangoku kunye nexesha elithile kwixesha elizayo, izigebenga zinokuba kumjikelezo wokudibanisa, imisebenzi yazo inamagatsha amaninzi, intsebenziswano eqinile, kunye nezikhokelo zeqhinga ezigxininisiweyo. Umzekelo, iBASF iya kuba sisikhokelo esibalulekileyo sophuhliso kwiinkalo ze Imikhosi, i-catalysts, izinto ezisebenzayo, njl., kunye ne-Huntsman iya kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa eyakhe Ishishini lePolyurethane kwilixa elizayo.