UkuBuyiselwa kweGolide okuFanelekileyo kusetyenziswa iSodium Cyanide: iCarbon Slurry Process Overview

Ukukhutshwa kwegolide yeCyanide kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwimigodi yegolide ngenxa yokuguquguquka okunamandla kwi-ores, ukukwazi ukuvelisa igolide kwindawo, kunye namazinga aphezulu okubuyisela. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yemiba yokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo, amanyathelo athathwayo ukunyanga amanzi amdaka ngaphambi nasemva kokugcinwa ukuze aphumeze iqanda, okanye asebenzise amanzi amdaka aphantsi-i-cyanide okanye ii-leaching agents ezingenayo i-cyanide ukukhusela okusingqongileyo kwengingqi. Eli nqaku lazisa ngokusebenza kwe-cyanide kunye ICarbonukutsalwa kwegolide kwi-pulp (CIP), kujoliswe ekuqondeni imigaqo yokutsalwa kwegolide ngelixa kupheliswa ungcoliseko kwaye kujoliswe ekutsalweni kwemigodi enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.

ICyanide Gold Extraction

Imiba yokusebenza ibandakanya ukuxinana kwecyanide neoksijini, ubushushu, ubungakanani kunye nokumila kwamasuntswana egolide kwintsimbi ekrwada, ukuxinana kwepulp, umxholo wodaka, ifilimu engaphezulu kumasuntswana egolide, kunye nexesha lokuvuza.

Xa i-cyanide concentration iphantsi, ukunyibilika kweoksijini kuphezulu, kwaye izinga lokuchithwa kwegolide lixhomekeke kugxininiso lwe-cyanide; xa i-cyanide yoxinaniso iphezulu, izinga lokuchithwa kwegolide limiselwa kuphela yi-oxygen concentration, ngokubanzi ukusuka kwi-0.03% ukuya kwi-0.05%. Ezinye ii-oxidants, ii-leaching aids, okanye inaliti yeoksijini ethe ngqo zihlala zongezwa ukuze kuphuculwe kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching. Kwisityalo esinye se-carbon-in-pulp, ukutshintsha umoya nge-oxygen-rich gas (ngaphezu kwe-90% oksijini) kwi-tank leaching kwandisa izinga le-leaching nge-0.89 yeepesenti. Kwesinye isityalo, ukongeza i-0.1 kg/toni ye-acetate ye-load engama-98% kwitanki yokuqala yokuvuza kubangele ukuhla komgangatho wegolide ukusuka kwi-0.218 g/toni ukuya kwi-0.209 g/toni. Izinga lokuchithwa kwegolide kwisisombululo se-cyanide landa ngeqondo lokushisa, ngokuqhelekileyo ligcinwe phakathi kwe-10 ° C kunye ne-20 ° C; ngaphantsi kwe-1.34°C, igolide iyakhazimla, yiyo loo nto izityalo zasentla zihlala zisebenzisa iitotshi ezivuthelayo ukunyibilikisa imibhobho evalekileyo ebusika. Ngaphezulu kwe-34.7°C, igolide iba lulwelo, isoloko ikhupha igesi. Ukuzinzisa kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko yeekhemikhali, isixa esifanelekileyo sealkali songezwa ukukhuthaza ukusabela kwi-hydrolysis; le alkali ibizwa ngokuba yialkali ekhuselayo.

Amasuntswana egolide asulungekileyo anommandla omkhulu oveziweyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba anyibilike lula kwicyanide. Ukongeza, igolide ecatshulweyo, amasuntswana egolide angqukuva, kunye namasuntswana egolide anemingxuma yangaphakathi nawo anyibilika ngokulula ngakumbi. Ukuxinana kwepulp esezantsi kubangela i-viscosity esezantsi, evumela i-cyanide ion kunye neoksijini ukuba zisasazeke ngokukhawuleza kumphezulu wamasuntswana egolide, okukhokelela ekunyibilikeni okukhawulezayo kunye namazinga aphezulu okuvuza. Nangona kunjalo, i-concentration ephantsi inokunyusa umthamo we-pulp, ukuphakamisa izixhobo kunye neendleko ze-reagent. Uxinaniso lwepulp olufanelekileyo luyi-40% ukuya kwi-50%, kodwa kwiimeko ezinodaka oluphezulu kunye neempawu ezinzima, kufuneka zilawulwe kwi-20% ukuya kwi-30%. Ukungcola kunokwenza iifilimu ezahlukeneyo kumphezulu wamasuntswana egolide, ezichaphazela ukutsalwa kwegolide. Iiminerali ezidityanisiweyo zisabela ngeoksijini, icyanide, kunye nealkali, zithintela ukutsalwa kwegolide. Njengoko ixesha le-leaching likhula, izinga le-leaching liphucula ukuya kumda othile, emva koko izinga liyancipha ngenxa yokunciphisa umthamo kunye nobukhulu begolide, ukwandisa umgama phakathi kwe-cyanide, i-oksijini echithiweyo, kunye nezakhiwo zegolide, ngelixa ukungcola kuqokelela ukwenza iifilimu ezinobungozi ezinobungozi. "Ukuncamathela" kwe-agitator ye-leaching tank idla ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukucoleka okuphantsi, kunye nokungonelanga komoya, kunye nomsantsa wesakhiwo phakathi kwe-impeller esezantsi kunye ne-tank ezantsi. Kwenye indawo yokusebenzela yecyanide, emva kokuba itanki ixingile, kwafuneka kungenelwe ngesandla, kusetyenziswa imipu yamanzi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, imipu yomoya, neentsimbi ezinde ukuze kucinywe imibhobho evaliweyo. Ekugqibeleni kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-gap phakathi kwe-impeller ephantsi kunye ne-tank ephantsi yayiphindwe kane ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo, kwaye emva kokulungiswa, ingxaki yasonjululwa.

ICarbon-in-Pulp (CIP) Ukutsalwa kweGolide

Izinto ezisebenzayo ziquka Ikhabhoni esebenzayo ukufunxwa, ukufunxwa kunye nokuchithwa kwe-electrolysis, kunye nokuvuselelwa kwekhabhoni.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ikhabhoni esebenzayo, kufuneka "ilolwe kwaye isuswe uthuli" ngokusila kwangaphambili. Xa kuthengwa i-carbon, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba zombini amandla e-adsorption kunye namandla agqwesileyo, kunye noxinano lokuzaliswa kwe-0.50 kg / L ukuya kwi-0.55 kg / L. Ubungakanani besuntswana kufuneka bufane, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-6 mesh ukuya kwi-12 mesh okanye i-6 mesh ukuya kwi-16 mesh, kunye nomxholo we-ash kunye nezinto ezincinci akufanele zidlule i-3%. Kwisityalo esithile sekharbhon pulp, isiqulatho esiphezulu sekhabhoni engumgubo kukhokelele kwibakala legolide elulwelo olululwelo olugqitha inqanaba lesiqhelo ngamaxesha angaphezu kwe-16, okukhokelela ekulahlekeni kwegolide, kufuneke kutshintshwe ngokupheleleyo ikharbon. Ubuninzi bekhabhoni kwitanki ye-adsorption buyanda kwi-gradient; ukuqwalasela ukuguga, ukutshintshwa rhoqo kwekhabhoni kunenzuzo ekubuyiseleni igolide. Kwisityalo esinye se-carbon pulp, umjikelo wokutshintshwa kwekhabhoni watshintshwa ukusuka kuzo zonke iintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kuzo zonke ezinye iintsuku, okubangele ukunyuka kwe-25% kwimveliso.

Ilahleko yekhabhoni ngexesha lokuphuphuma kwayo iya kukhokelela ekulahlekeni kwegolide, ngokuyintloko okubangelwa kukuvaleka kwescreen sokwahlulwa kwekhabhoni. Kuyimfuneko ukususa kwangaphambili i-debris emva kokuhlelwa kunye ne-cyclone. Isikrini sokuhlukana kwekhabhoni kufuneka sisebenzise isikrini se-cylindrical esithe tye, kwaye imiba ingaqwalaselwa kwakhona ngokunciphisa i-slurry concentration okanye ukulungiswa kwe-carbon density ephantsi kunye nokuhamba komoya kwi-air side duct yesikrini sokuhlukana. Owona mba uxhalabisayo kukuvuza kwekhabhoni kwitanki yentsimbi ye-adsorption; Isikrini sokhuseleko se-40-mesh kwitanki yokuxuba ii-tailings idlala indima ebalulekileyo "yokugcina isango", kwaye kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo kwaye igcinwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayichanekanga. Ukunciphisa ukugqoka kwekhabhoni, ukuvuselela ngesantya esisezantsi kusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.

I-Desorption kunye ne-electrolysis iqhutyelwa kwisisombululo se-1% ye-sodium hydroxide kunye Isodium cyanide phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-0.35 MPa ukuya kwi-0.39 MPa, ukufikelela kwi-desorption kwiqondo lokushisa kwe-135 ° C ukuya kwi-160 ° C, engaphezulu kwendawo yokubilisa yesisombululo. Ibakala legolide kwikhabhoni ephelile lingaphantsi kwe-50 g / t, kwaye okwangoku, i-non-cyanide desorption kunye ne-electrolysis isetyenziswa ngokubanzi.

Ukuhlaziywa kwekhabhoni, i-3% ukuya kwi-5% ihlambulule i-nitric acid okanye isisombululo se-hydrochloric acid sisetyenziselwa ukucwina i-0.5 ukuya kwi-1 iyure (oku kusebenza okufanayo ngezantsi), kunye ne-manual intermittent stirring. Emva kokucwina, i-carbon ihlanjululwe ngamanzi ukuze isuse isisombululo se-asidi, ilandelwa ngokucwiliswa kwi-1% yesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide ukuze i-neutralize nayiphi na i-asidi eseleyo. Ekugqibeleni, ikhabhoni ihlanjwe ngama-2 ukuya kuma-3 umthamo wamanzi ngokubhekiselele kwibhedi yekhabhoni.

Uxinaniso lweCyanide, iAlkalinity, kunye neCarbon Density

Emva kokulinganisa i-concentration ye-slurry, yihluze usebenzisa i-funnel ngephepha lokucoca. Thatha umthamo othile (kwi-milliliters) kwi-flask ye-conical, yongeza i-3-5 yehla ye-methyl orange, kwaye isisombululo siya kubonisa umbala ophuzi okhanyayo. I-Titrate kunye nesisombululo esiqhelekileyo se-nitrate yesilivere kude kuvele umbala opinki; umthamo we-nitrate yesilivere esetyenzisiweyo kwi-tube ye-acid titration ibonisa umxholo we-cyanide, ohambelana ne-concentration ye-cyanide. Oku kunokulungiswa ngokutshintsha izinga lokuhamba kwe Isodium cyanide isisombululo. Kule sisombululo, yongeza i-1-2 yehla ye-phenolphthalein, eya kujika i-pink, kunye ne-titrate kunye nesisombululo esiqhelekileyo se-acetic kuze kube yilapho umbala wepinki uphela. Umahluko kwinqanaba le-meniscus kwi-tube ye-acid titration ngaphambi nangemva kwe-titration ibonisa umthamo we-acetic acid esetyenzisiweyo (kwi-milliliters), ehambelana nomxholo we-lime. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-oxalic acid isetyenziselwa i-titration, ukulawula i-pH ye-slurry ibe phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-12. Umxholo we-calcium oxide kwi-slurry malunga ne-0.01% ukuya kwi-0.02%. I-alkalinity ingalungiswa ngokutshintsha inani lekalika elongeziweyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-disc-uhlobo lwe-lime feeder, inani linokulawulwa ngokulungelelanisa indawo ye-baffle.

I-1-litre ye-cylindrical carbon pot, enesiphatho esenziwe nge-δ8 rebar, inomqheba wobude obumalunga ne-75% yetanki yobunzulu. Umphezulu wesiphatho uqhagamshelwe kwisiciko sentsimbi esivulekileyo esivulekileyo sembiza ngocingo olucikizekileyo lwentsimbi okanye umtya wenayiloni. Ngokuqinisa okanye ukukhulula ucingo okanye umtya, i-carbon slurry ingangena embizeni. Emva kokususa imbiza kwitanki, galela i-carbon slurry eqokelelweyo kwi-sampulu yesampulu, uyihlambulule ngokucokisekileyo ngamanzi acocekileyo, kwaye ususe nawaphi na amathontsi amanzi ngaphambi kokuba ulinganise isixa sekhabhoni, enika ingxinano yekhabhoni kulo mlinganiso, echazwe kwiigram nganye ilitha. Iisampulu zithathwa kwiindawo eziphezulu, eziphakathi, nezisezantsi zetanki, kwaye ixabiso eliphakathi lithathwa njenge-carbon density yetanki. Iinkqubo zokutsalwa kwekhabhoni, inaliti, ukothula, kunye nokuhlamba iasidi zonke ziye zazenzekela kusetyenziswa ijetting yamanzi ngoxinzelelo. Ke ngoko, uhlengahlengiso lwe-carbon density kwitanki ye-adsorption inokulawulwa ngekhabhoni enyuswe ngumoya kunye ne-gravity-fed carbon esekwe kwiziphumo zokufumanisa.

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