Indima ebalulekileyo yeSodium Hydroxide kuShishino lweMetallurgical

Kwindawo enkulu neyinkimbinkimbi yeshishini le -metallurgical , i-sodium hydroxide (NaOH), eyaziwa ngokuba yi-caustic soda okanye i-lye, idlala indima eneenkalo ezininzi neyimfuneko. Le khompawundi enamandla ye-alkaline, efumaneka kwi-solid (njenge-flake okanye i-granular) kunye ne-liquid, idlala indima ephambili kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-metallurgical, ukusuka ekukhutshweni kweesinyithi kwiintsimbi zazo ukuya ekugqityweni kokugqibela kweemveliso zesinyithi.

1. Ukucutshungulwa kwentsimbi kunye nokuLinjwa

1.1 Uguqulo kwiiTyuwa ezinyibilikayo

Omnye wemisebenzi ephambili ye-sodium hydroxide kwi-metallurgy kukuguqula izinto ezixabisekileyo kwi-ores zibe ziityuwa ezinyibilikayo. Oku kubalulekile kuba kwenza ukuba isinyithi esifunekayo sahlulwe kwizinto ezingcolileyo ezinganyibilikiyo ezikhoyo kwi-ore. Umzekelo, ekukhutshweni kwe-tungsten, inkqubo iqala ngokugcada i-tungsten - bearing ore, efana ne-scheelite okanye i-wolframite, nge-sodium hydroxide okanye i-sodium Carbon ate. Le nkqubo yokugcada iguqula iiminerali ze-tungsten zibe yi-soluble sodium tungstate. I-soluble sodium tungstate emva koko inokucutshungulwa ngakumbi, yahlulwe kwi-insoluble residue, kwaye ekugqibeleni iguqulwe ibe yi-pure tungsten ngokusebenzisa ii-chemical reactions ezilandelayo.

1.2 IiNkqubo zokuLeaching

I-sodium hydroxide iphinda isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo ze-leaching. Kwiintsimbi ezithile zetsimbi, i-leaching kunye ne-sodium hydroxide solutions inokukhetha ukunyibilika amaxabiso esinyithi. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kumgangatho ophantsi okanye ore ezintsonkothileyo apho iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokunyibilikisa zisenokungabi nandleko-zisebenzayo. Ekutsalweni kwe-aluminiyam kwi-bauxite ore ngenkqubo ye-Bayer, i-sodium hydroxide isetyenziselwa ukukhupha i-alumina. I-Bauxite iqulethe ukungcola okufana ne-iron oxides, i-silica, kunye ne-titanium dioxide. Xa i-bauxite iphathwa ngokushushu, isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide, i-alumina isabela ukuze yenze i-soluble sodium aluminate, ngelixa ubuninzi bobumdaka buhlala bungenakunyibilika kwaye bunokwahlulwa ngokucoca.

2. Ukusulungekiswa kwesinyithi

2.1 Ukususwa kobumdaka

Ngexesha lokucocwa kwesinyithi , i-sodium hydroxide isebenza njengesixhobo esinamandla sokususa ukungcola okwahlukeneyo kwiintsimbi. Ingasabela kwii-oxides, ii-sulfides, kunye nezinye izinto ezingeyonsimbi ezikhoyo kumphezulu okanye ngaphakathi kwi-matrix yesinyithi. Ekucocweni kobhedu, umzekelo, i-sodium hydroxide ingasetyenziselwa ukususa ukungcola kwe-copper oxide. Xa ubhedu olune-oxide impucuko luphathwa nge-sodium hydroxide, kwenzeka i-redox reaction. Ii-hydroxide ions zinciphisa i-copper oxide ibe yi-metallic copper, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, zenze iityuwa ze-sodium ezinyibilikayo kunye nezinye izinto ezingeyonsimbi, ezinokususwa ngokulula. Le nkqubo inceda ukuphucula ubunyulu kunye nomgangatho wobhedu, iphucula ukuhanjiswa kwayo kombane kunye neempawu zoomatshini.

2.2 Inkxaso yokucoca i-Electrolytic

Kwiinkqubo zokucoca i-electrolytic, i-sodium hydroxide inokudlala indima ekugcineni ukuzinza kwe-electrolyte kunye nokuququzelela ukufakwa kakuhle kwesinyithi esicocekileyo kwi-cathode. Kwezinye isinyithi, njenge-zinc, kwiibhafu ze-alkaline electroplating, i-sodium hydroxide isetyenziswa njenge-agent eyinkimbinkimbi kunye netyuwa eqhubayo. Idibanisa kunye ne-zinc ions ukwenza i-ion zincate, enceda ukugcina i-plating bath izinzile kwaye iphucula ukuhanjiswa kwebhafu. Oku kukhokelela ekufakweni okufanayo ngakumbi kwe-zinc kwi-cathode, okukhokelela ekubeni ngcono - umgangatho we-zinc ukutyabeka.

3. Unyango loMphezulu

3.1 Ukunciphisa amafutha kunye nokuCoca

Imiphezulu yesinyithi ihlala inokungcola okunje ngeoyile, igrisi, kunye neentsalela zezinto eziphilayo ekufuneka zisuswe phambi kokuba kuqhutyekwe nokusetyenzwa. I-sodium hydroxide yinto esebenzayo yokukhupha amafutha. Isabela kunye neester of fatty acids ezikhoyo kwioyile kunye namafutha ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-saponification. Umzekelo, xa i-esters ye-stearic acid kwi-oyile yemifuno isabela kunye ne-sodium hydroxide, ivelisa amanzi - i-soluble sodium stearate, eyaziwa njengesepha, kunye ne-glycerol. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuhlamba izinto ezingcolileyo ngamanzi, ukushiya isinyithi esicocekileyo. Le nkqubo yokucoca ibalulekile kwimisebenzi elandelayo efana ne-electroplating, ipeyinti, okanye i-welding, njengendawo ecocekileyo iqinisekisa ukunamathela okungcono kweengubo okanye iibhondi ezinamandla.

3.2 Ukurhweba kunye nokuLungisa uMphezulu

I-sodium hydroxide ikwasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokugrumba ngesinyithi. Kwi-aluminium kunye nee-alloys zayo, i-sodium hydroxide isetyenziswa kakhulu ekugrumbeni nge-alkali, edla ngokwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba i-anodizing okanye ezinye iinkqubo zonyango lomphezulu . Ukugrumba nge-sodium hydroxide kudala ubume bomphezulu obufanayo nobucocekileyo kwi-aluminium alloy, kwandisa indawo yomphezulu kwaye kuphucule ukunamathela kweengubo ezilandelayo. Izinga lokugrumba linokulawulwa ngokulungelelanisa uxinzelelo lwe-sodium hydroxide, ubushushu, kunye nexesha lokuvezwa.

4. I-Desulfurization kwiNsimbi kunye nenye iMveliso yeNsimbi

Kwimveliso yentsimbi kunye nezinye isinyithi, isulfure yinto engafanelekanga, njengoko inokubangela ukonakala kwentsimbi, ukunciphisa iipropathi zayo zoomatshini kunye ne-weldability. I-sodium hydroxide ingasetyenziswa njenge-agent ye-desulfurizing. Kwinkqubo yokwenza isinyithi, xa i-sodium hydroxide yongezwa kwisinyithi esityhidiweyo, isabela ngesulfure ukwenza i-sodium sulfide. I-sodium sulfide eyenziweyo ayinakunyibilika kancinci kwisinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo kwaye inokususwa ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi ye-slagging. Oku kunceda ukuphucula umgangatho wentsimbi kunye nezinye izinyithi ngokunciphisa umxholo wesulfure kumanqanaba amkelekileyo.

5. Indima kwiiNkqubo ze-Electrochemical

5.1 Electrolysis of Aluminiyam

Kwishishini lanamhlanje le-aluminium, iHolo - inkqubo yeHéroult, eyona ndlela iphambili yokuvelisa i-aluminium, ixhomekeke kwinkqubo ye-electrolyte. Nangona i-electrolyte ephambili ingumxube we-cryolite kunye ne-alumina, i-sodium hydroxide ingabakho ngamanani amancinci kwezinye iinguqu zenkqubo okanye kwizigaba zangaphambili zonyango. I-sodium hydroxide inokuchaphazela ukuhanjiswa kombane kunye neempendulo zeekhemikhali ezenzeka kwii-electrode. Inceda ukuququzelela ukuhamba kwangoku nge-electrolyte, ebaluleke kakhulu ukubola kwe-aluminium ibe yi-aluminiyam kunye ne-oksijini kwi-cathode kunye ne-anode ngokulandelanayo.

5.2 Enye i-Electrochemical Metal Deposition and Recovery

I-sodium hydroxide iphinda isetyenziswe kwezinye iinkqubo ze-electrochemical deposition yesinyithi kunye nokubuyisela. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-electrodeposition yezinyithi ezithile kwizisombululo zazo, i-sodium hydroxide ingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa i-pH yesisombululo se-electrolyte. Olu hlengahlengiso lwe-pH lunokuba nefuthe elibalulekileyo kwi-electrochemical reactions, izinto ezichaphazelayo ezifana nezinga lokuchithwa kwesinyithi, umgangatho woluhlu lwetsimbi olugciniweyo, kunye nokukhethwa kwe-metal deposition xa i-ion ezininzi zetsimbi zikhona kwisisombululo.

Ukuqukumbela, i-sodium hydroxide yikhemikhali ebalulekileyo kwishishini le-metallurgical. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo okwahlukeneyo ekucutshungulweni kwe-ore , ukucocwa kwesinyithi, unyango lomphezulu, ukususwa kwe-sulfurization, kunye neenkqubo ze-electrochemical zinegalelo elikhulu kwimveliso yeentsimbi kunye neemveliso zesinyithi ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Njengoko ishishini le-metallurgical liqhubeka nokukhula, indima ye-sodium hydroxide kusenokwenzeka ukuba ihlale ibalulekile, uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso lugxile ekuphuculeni ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokuhlola usetyenziso olutsha ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.