Yiyiphi imisebenzi ye-sodium sulfide kwinkqubo yokudaya ngeedayi zesulfure?

intshayelelo

Ushishino lwamalaphu luthembele kakhulu Iinkqubo zokudaya ukongeza umbala kunye nesibheno sobuhle kwiilaphu. Phakathi kweekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswayo, I-sodium sulfide idlala indima ebalulekileyo, ngakumbi kwiintlobo ezithile zeendlela zokudaya. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa imisebenzi ethile kunye nokubaluleka kwe-sodium sulfide kumxholo wokudaya.

Iipropati zeMichiza yeSodium Sulfidi

I-sodium sulfide, kunye ne-chemical formula Na₂S (ehlala idibana njenge-hydrate Na₂S · 9H₂O), ityuwa engenambala, amanzi-enyibilikayo. Xa inyibilika emanzini, yenza izisombululo zealkaline ezinamandla. Le alkalinity yipropati ephambili eyenza igalelo ekusebenzeni kwayo kwiinkqubo zokudaya. Ukongeza, i-sodium sulfide ine-reducibility enamandla, eyivumela ukuba ithathe inxaxheba kwiimpendulo ze-redox ezisisiseko kwiindlela ezininzi zokudaya.

I-Sodium Sulfide kwi-Sulfur Dye Synthesis

Ukukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kweDayi ePhakathi

Idayi zesulphur zibalulekile kushishino lwempahla olulukiweyo, ingakumbi ukuvelisa imibala emnyama efana nomnyama kunye nolwandle. I-sodium sulfide iyinxalenye yokwenziwa kwezi dayi. Ikhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwedayi intermediates. Ngokomzekelo, ekuphenduleni kwee-amines ezinevumba elimnandi okanye i-phenols enesulfure okanye i-polysulfides ukwenza Idayi zesulfure, i-sodium sulfide isebenza njenge-reactant enceda ukuqhuba ukusabela phambili. Ingathatha inxaxheba kwiimpendulo ezizisa isulfure - eziqulethe amaqela kwisakhiwo sedayi, eziyimfuneko kumbala - ukwenza iimpawu zemveliso yedayi yokugqibela.

Impembelelo kuMveliso weMveliso yeDayi yokugqibela

Ubukho be-sodium sulfide ngexesha lokudityaniswa kwedayi yesulfure nako kuchaphazela ukusebenza kwedayi yokugqibela. Inokuba nefuthe kwiimpawu ezinjengokukhawuleza kombala, ukukhanya, kunye nokuqina kombala jikelele wedayi. Ngokulawula iimeko zokusabela nge-sodium sulfide, abavelisi banokuphucula ezi propati ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezicelo zelaphu ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wesodium sulfide unokwenza idayi ibe lula, iqinisekise ukuba ilaphu elidayiweyo liyawugcina umbala walo xa libekwe elangeni ixesha elide.

I-Sodium Sulfide kwiiNkqubo zokuDaya

NjengoMmeli wokuNciphisa

1.Ukunciphisa iiDayi zeSulfur ukuze ziFakelwe

Idayi zesulfure, kwilizwe labo lokuzalwa, azinyibiliki emanzini kwaye azikwazi ukuncamathela ngokuthe ngqo kwilaphu. I-sodium sulfide isebenza njenge-arhente yokunciphisa enamandla. Iyanciphisa idayi zesulfure, iphula i-sulfure - iibhondi zesulfure ngaphakathi kwee-molecule zedayi. Le nkqubo yokunciphisa iguqula idayi zesulfure ezinganyibilikiyo zibe yi-soluble, iifom ezingenambala ezaziwa ngokuba yi-leuco-compounds okanye ityuwa yesodium ye-leuco-form (kwi-alkaline medium). Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko yedayi emnyama yesulfure eqhelekileyo, i-sodium sulfide isabela kwimolekyuli yedayi, inika ii-electron zokuqhawula i-sulfure - i-sulfur linkages kwaye yenza iindidi ezinyibilikayo ezinokufunxwa ngelaphu.

2.Ukugcina iNdawo eNcitshiswayo

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokudaya, kubalulekile ukugcina indawo yokunciphisa ukuthintela i-oxidation yangaphambi kwexesha yedayi encitshisiweyo. I-sodium sulfide iyaqhubeka isebenza njenge-arhente yokunciphisa kuyo yonke inkqubo, iqinisekisa ukuba i-leuco-ifom yedayi ihlala izinzile. Oku kubalulekile kuba ukuba i-leuco-form ifakwe i-oxidized kwakamsinya kakhulu, iya kubuyela kwimo yokunganyibiliki kwayo kwaye ayizukwazi ukugqobhoza elaphu ngokufanelekileyo. Amandla okunciphisa i-sodium sulfide yinto enokuthi ikwazi ukuchasana nayo nayiphi na i-oxidizing agents enokuthi ibe khona kwindawo yokuhlamba idayi, njenge-oksijeni echithwe emoyeni.

NjengoMboneleli weAlkalinity

1.Dye Solubilization

Ukongeza kumsebenzi wokunciphisa, i-sodium sulfide inegalelo kwi-alkalinity yokuhlamba idayi. Ubume be-alkaline besisombululo bunceda ekuxubeni iidayi zesulfure ezincitshisiweyo. Xa iidayi zesulfure ziyancipha nge-sodium sulfide, zenza i-leuco - acids. Okusingqongileyo alkaline ezibonelelwa sulfide sodium ngoko neutralizes ezi leuco - acids, ukuguqula zibe iifom zabo sodium ityuwa, leyo kakhulu ukunyibilika emanzini. Le solubilization ibalulekile ekuhanjisweni okufanayo kwedayi kwindawo yokuhlambela idayi kunye nokuthathwa kwayo okulandelayo ngendwangu.

2.Ukudumba kweFayibha kunye nokuNgena kweDayi

I-alkalinity evela kwi-sodium sulfide ibangela ukuba imicu yelaphu idumbe kancinci. Kwimicu yendalo efana nomqhaphu, isisombululo se-alkaline siphazamisa i-hydrogen bonding ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sefiber, ebangela ukuba ibe yi-porous. Oku kudumba kuvumela iimolekyuli zedayi ezincitshisiweyo ukuba zingene ngokulula ngaphakathi kwifiber. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yokudaya iyasebenza ngakumbi, kwaye ukungena kombala kunye nokukhawuleza kuphuculwe.

NjengoNcedo lokuDaya kuMgangatho oPhuculweyo

1.Ukuphucula ukuPhathwa kweDayi kunye neNqanaba

I-sodium sulfide inokuphucula ukunyuswa kwedayi kwilaphu. Iiyoni zesodium ezikhutshwe kwi-sodium sulfide kwibhafu yedayi zinokusebenzisana neziza ezihlawuliswa kakubi kumphezulu wefiber (kwimeko yeefiber ze-cellulosic ezifana nomqhaphu, ezinomrhumo omncinci omncinci ngenxa yobukho bamaqela e-hydroxyl). Oku kusebenzisana kunceda ukunyusa umtsalane phakathi kweeamolekyu zedayi kunye nefiber, ukukhuthaza ukuthathwa kwedayi engcono. Ngaphezu koko, inokuba negalelo ngakumbi ekuhanjisweni kwedayi (umgangatho) kwilaphu. Ngokuququzelela intshukumo yeemolekyuli zedayi ukuya kumphezulu wefayibha kunye nefayibha, i-sodium sulfide inceda ukunqanda ukubunjwa koxinzelelo lwedayi, enokukhokelela kumbala ongalinganiyo.

2.Ukuphucula ukuKhawuleza koMbala

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium sulfide kwinkqubo yokudaya kunokuphucula kakhulu ukukhawuleza kombala welaphu elidayiweyo. Iidayi zesulfure ezincitshisiweyo, emva kokuba zifunnwe yilaphu, emva koko zixutywe nge-oxidized ukuguqula idayi yesulfure enganyibilikiyo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sefiber. Ubukho be-sodium sulfide ngexesha lokuqala lokunciphisa inyathelo liqinisekisa ukuba idayi ihanjiswa ngokulinganayo ngaphakathi kwefiber. Xa idayi ifakwe ioksijini kwaye igxininiswe endaweni yayo, oku kuhanjiswa ngokulinganayo kubangela ukuba umbala ukhawuleze ukuhlanjwa, ukuhlikihla, kunye nokuvezwa kokukhanya. Umzekelo, amalaphu adayiwe ngedayi yesulfure esebenzisa i-sodium sulfide njenge-agent yokunciphisa akholisa ukugcina umbala wawo ngcono emva kwemijikelo emininzi yokuhlamba xa kuthelekiswa nezo zidayiwe nezinye ii-agent zokunciphisa okanye phantsi kweemeko ezingafanelekanga.

Ukususa ukungcola kweFayibha kunyango lwangaphambili

1.Ukwenza iiDesizing kunye noKwenza iDegumming

Kunyango lwangaphambili lwemicu ngaphambi kokudaya, i-sodium sulfide ingasetyenziselwa ukuncedisa ekususeni ukungcola. Kwiintsinga zendalo ezifana nesilika, equlethe i-sericin (i-gum-efana ne-substance), kunye ne-cotton, enokuthi ibe nee-agent ze-size zongezwa ngexesha lokwenziwa kwe-textile, i-sodium sulfide inokunceda kwiinkqubo ze-desizing kunye ne-degumming. Ubume be-alkaline ye-sodium sulfide inokwaphula i-sericin kwisilika kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa kwikotoni. Oku akulungiseleli kuphela umphezulu wefayibha ukuze kuthathwe ngcono idayi kodwa kukwaphucula umgangatho uwonke welaphu.

2.Ukucoca kunye nokuCoca

I-sodium sulfide ingasetyenziselwa kwiinkqubo zokucoca ukususa ioyile, amafutha, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo kumphezulu wefiber. Kwibhafu yokuhlambulula equlethe i-sodium sulfide, indawo ye-alkaline inceda ekufakeni kunye ne-saponify izinto ezinamafutha akhoyo kwifiber. Oku kubangela umphezulu wefiber ococekileyo, oyimfuneko ekuphumezeni ukudaya okufanayo. Ngokususa obu kungcola, i-sodium sulfide iqinisekisa ukuba iamolekyu zedayi zinokusebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo kunye nefiber ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kokungcoliswa komhlaba.

Ukusetyenziswa ngokukuko kunye nokuQwalasela

Iimfuno zomthamo

Ubungakanani be<em>sodium sulfide esetyenziswa ekudayweni kuyahluka kuxhomekeka kwizinto eziliqela, kuquka uhlobo lwedayi, ilaphu elidaywayo nobunzulu bombala obufunekayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukudaya isulfure, umthamo we-sodium sulfide uqhelekile kuluhlu lwama-20% - 100% obunzima bedayi. Nangona kunjalo, ukulungiswa ngononophelo kuyafuneka. Ukusebenzisa i-sodium sulfide encinci kakhulu kunokubangela ukuncitshiswa okungaphelelanga kwedayi, okukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kombala ombi kunye nokuthathwa kwedayi ephantsi. Kwelinye icala, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kunokubangela iingxaki ezinjengokunciphisa ngaphezulu, okunokuchaphazela umgangatho wombala kwaye kukhokelela kungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo ngenxa ye-sulfide egqithisileyo kumanzi amdaka.

Impembelelo kokusiNgqongileyo

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium sulfide kwishishini lokudaya kuneempembelelo zokusingqongileyo. Xa ikhutshelwa emanzini, ii-ion zesulfide zinokusabela ngamanzi kunye neoksijini zenze igesi yehydrogen sulfide, enevumba elinamandla nelingemnandanga kwaye iyityhefu kubomi basemanzini. Ukunciphisa oku, iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka ziyafuneka. Oku kunokubandakanya i-aeration ukuze i-oxidize ion ye-sulfide kwi-ion ye-sulfate engenabungozi kangako, okanye ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zemichiza yemvula yokususa i-sulfide njengoko i-metal sulfide igalela. Ukongeza, iinzame ziyenziwa ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo zokudaya ezizinzileyo ezinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium sulfide okanye ukufumana enye indlela yokunciphisa indalo.

isiphelo

I-sodium sulfide yikhemikhali eyimfuneko kwiinkqubo zokudaya kushishino lwamalaphu. Iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zeekhemikhali, njenge-arhente yokunciphisa, umboneleli we-alkalinity, kunye noncedo lokudaya, lwenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukudibanisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwedayi yesulfure. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho wamalaphu adayiweyo, ukusuka ekukhuthazeni ukutsalwa kwedayi kunye nomgangatho wokuphucula ukukhawuleza kombala. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kukwafuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo ukulungelelanisa izibonelelo zayo kunye neenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo. Njengoko ishishini leengubo ezilukiweyo liqhubeka nokuguqukela kwizenzo ezizinzileyo, indima yesodium sulfide inokufuna ukuphinda ihlolwe, kwaye iinzame zokuphuhlisa obunye ubuchwephesha obunokufikelela kwiziphumo ezifanayo zokudaya kunye neempembelelo ezincitshisiweyo zokusingqongileyo ziya kubaluleka kakhulu.