Ukwenziwa kweMveliso yokuNyangwa kwamanzi amdaka eSodium Cyanide ngeHydrogen Peroxide

intshayelelo

I-sodium cyanide yikhemikhali eyityhefu kakhulu esetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini afana nemigodi, i-electroplating, kunye ne-chemical synthesis. Nangona kunjalo, amanzi amdaka avela kwezi nkqubo aqulethe i-cyanide ephezulu, ebeka ingozi enkulu kwindalo kunye nempilo yabantu ukuba ayiphathwa kakuhle. Unyango lweperoxide yehidrojeni luye lwavela njengendlela esebenzayo nekhuselekileyo yokujongana nayo -Isodium cyanide - equlathe amanzi amdaka. Eli nqaku lijonge kwindlela yokuvelisa yokusebenzisa Ihydrogen peroxide ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka anjalo, ukuquka imiba ukusuka kwimigaqo yokusabela ukuya kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ezizizo.

Imigaqo yokusabela

I-oxidation yeCyanide ngeHydrogen Peroxide

Ukusabela phakathi kwehydrogen peroxide kunye Isodium cyanide yinkqubo yokunciphisa i-oxidation. Kwisisombululo samanzi, i-hydrogen peroxide isebenza njenge-oxidizing agent. I-oxidize i-ion ye-cyanide kwizinto ezinetyhefu encinci. Phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, i-hydrogen peroxide iphula ibhondi eyomeleleyo kwi-ion ye-cyanide. Ikhabhoni ekwi-cyanide i-oxidized ukuya kwimo ephezulu ye-oxidation, yenze i-ion eyingozi kakhulu, kwaye i-nitrogen ikhutshwa njengegesi. Le ndlela yokusabela ibalulekile njengoko inciphisa ngokubonakalayo ubutyhefu bamanzi amdaka.

Indima yeeCatalysts (Ngokuzikhethela)

Kwezinye iimeko, i-catalysts inokongezwa ukukhawulezisa ukusabela phakathi kwe-hydrogen peroxide kunye ne-cyanide. Ngokomzekelo, ii-ion zetsimbi ezithile zenguqu zinokusebenza njenge-catalysts kwindlela yokusabela efana ne-Fenton reaction. Ii-Catalysts zehlisa umqobo wamandla wokusabela, zivumela i-oxidation ye-cyanide ukuba yenzeke ngokukhawuleza kubushushu obuphantsi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-hydrogen peroxide encinci. Nangona kunjalo, xa usebenzisa i-catalysts, izinto ezifana nenani le-catalyst eyongeziweyo, ulawulo lwe-pH, kunye nongcoliseko olunokubakho lwesibini oluvela kwiintsalela ze-catalyst kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngononophelo.

Ukuhamba kweNkqubo kwiMveliso yeMveliso

Ukucocwa Kwangaphambili Kwamanzi amdaka

Ngaphambi konyango lwe-hydrogen peroxide, i sodium cyanide - equlathe amanzi amdaka idla ngokufuna ukucocwa kwangaphambili. Eli nyathelo lijolise ekulungiseni ixabiso le-pH lamanzi amdaka kuluhlu olufanelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-pH ilungelelaniswe kwimeko ye-alkaline kancinane, malunga ne-8 - 10. Oku kungenxa yokuba Ukusabela kwi-Oxidation phakathi kwehydrogen peroxide kunye necyanide isebenza ngakumbi kwindawo yealkaline. Ukongeza, unyango lwangaphambili lunokubandakanya ukususa ubumdaka obukhulu, izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo, kunye nezinye izinto ezinokuphazamisa inkqubo yonyango elandelayo. Iindlela zokucoca ezifana nezihluzi zesanti okanye izihluzi ze-membrane zingasetyenziselwa le njongo.

IHydrogen Peroxide Ukongeza

Umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wehydrogen peroxide ke ngoko wongezwa kumanzi amdaka asele ecociwe. Umthamo we-hydrogen peroxide unqunywe ngokusekelwe kugxininiso lwe-cyanide kumanzi amdaka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izibalo zenziwa kuqala ngokusabela kweekhemikhali. Kodwa kwimveliso yokwenyani, i-hydrogen peroxide eyongeziweyo ihlala idityaniswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-oxidation epheleleyo ye-cyanide. Uxinaniso lwehydrogen peroxide esetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso ludla ngokuba kuluhlu lwama-30% ukuya kuma-50%. Ukongezwa kwehydrogen peroxide kunokuphunyezwa ngeempompo zemitha, ezinokuthi zilawule ngokuchanekileyo izinga lokuhamba kunye nesixa sehydrogen peroxide engena ngaphakathi. Unyango lwamanzi amdaka itanki.

Ukusabela kunye nokuxuba

Emva kokufaka i-hydrogen peroxide, amanzi amdaka kufuneka axutywe ngokucokisekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba unxibelelwano lwehydrogen peroxide kunye necyanide. Ukuxuba kunokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa ii-agitators zoomatshini, imixube eqhutywa ngumoya, okanye indibaniselwano yazo zombini. Ixesha lokuphendula liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nokugxininiswa kokuqala kwe-cyanide, ubushushu, kunye nobukho bezinto zokuncedisa. Ngokubanzi, ixesha lokuphendula lingasuka kwiiyure ezininzi ukuya kwiiyure ezilishumi elinesibini. Ngeli xesha, ubushushu bokusabela buyinto ebalulekileyo. Nangona ukusabela kunokwenzeka kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, ukunyusa izinga lobushushu phakathi koluhlu oluthile (oludla ngokungagqithiyo kuma-50°C) lunokukhawulezisa umlinganiselo wokusabela. Nangona kunjalo, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu anokubangela ukubola kwehydrogen peroxide, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwayo ekunyangeni icyanide.

Isithuba - unyango

Emva kokuba impendulo igqityiwe, amanyathelo onyango ayimfuneko. Esinye sesithuba esiphambili - amanyathelo onyango kukususa i-hydrogen peroxide eseleyo. Ihydrogen peroxide egqithisileyo kumanzi amdaka acociweyo inokuba yingozi kokusingqongileyo kwaye isenokuphazamisana neenkqubo zokucocwa kwebhayoloji ezilandelayo ukuba amanzi amdaka kufuneka acocwe ngakumbi kwinkqubo yonyango lwebhayoloji. Intsalela yehydrogen peroxide inokubola ngokongeza izinto zokunciphisa njengesodium sulfite okanye ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokubola. Emva kokususa intsalela yehydrogen peroxide, amanzi amdaka acociweyo aphinda atyhutyhe - ukwahlulwa kolwelo ukuze kususwe naziphi na iimvula okanye izinto eziqinileyo ezenziwe ngexesha lonyango. Iitanki zentlenga, izixhobo zokudada, okanye iiyunithi zokuhluza zingasetyenziselwa oku. Ekugqibeleni, amanzi amdaka acociweyo ahlalutywa ukujonga ukuba i-cyanide concentration ihlangabezana nemigangatho efanelekileyo yokukhupha.

Imiba ePhambili eChaphazela uFanelo loNyango

Ixabiso le-pH

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, ixabiso le-pH lamanzi amdaka linempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni konyango lwe-hydrogen peroxide. Kwindawo ene-acidic, i-hydrogen peroxide inokubola ngokukhawuleza emanzini kunye ne-oksijini, inciphisa amandla ayo oksijini ye-cyanide. Kwelinye icala, kwindawo enealkaline kakhulu, izinga lokusabela phakathi kwehydrogen peroxide kunye necyanide nalo lingachaphazeleka. Olona luhlu lwe-pH lwempendulo phakathi kwe-hydrogen peroxide kunye ne-cyanide lukholisa ukuba malunga ne-8 - 10. apho ukusabela kungaqhuba ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ukubola kwe-hydrogen peroxide kuncitshisiwe.

iqondo lobushushu

Ubushushu budlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisantya sokusabela. Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kukhawulezisa ukusabela phakathi kwehydrogen peroxide kunye necyanide. Noko ke, njengoko iqondo lobushushu linyuka, ukubola kwehydrogen peroxide nako kuya kuphawuleka ngakumbi. Xa iqondo lobushushu lingaphezu kwama-50°C, ukubola kwehydrogen peroxide kunokukhawuleza kangangokuba kunciphise umlinganiselo wehydrogen peroxide efumaneka kwi<em>oxidizing cyanide. Ngoko ke, kwimveliso ebonakalayo, ukushisa kufuneka kulawulwe ngononophelo phakathi koluhlu olufanelekileyo ukulinganisa izinga lokuphendula kunye nokuzinza kwe-hydrogen peroxide.

Ukuxinana kweCyanide kunye neHydrogen Peroxide

Ukuxinwa kokuqala kwe-cyanide emanzini amdaka kugqiba umthamo we-hydrogen peroxide efunekayo ukuze i-oxidation epheleleyo. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwecyanide lufuna i-hydrogen peroxide engaphezulu. Ukuba i-dosage ye-hydrogen peroxide ayanelanga, i-oxidation ye-cyanide iya kuba ingaphelelanga, okubangela ukuba amanzi amdaka aphathwe angahambelani nemigangatho. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukongeza kakhulu i-hydrogen peroxide akonyusi iindleko zonyango kuphela kodwa kufuna isithuba esinzima kakhulu - unyango lokususa okungaphezulu. Ngoko ke, ukugqiba ngokuchanekileyo i-cyanide concentration kumanzi amdaka kunye nokulungelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo idosi ye-hydrogen peroxide kubalulekile kunyango olusebenzayo.

I-Case Study kuShishino lwezeMigodi

Kumsebenzi wemigodi yegolide, isixa esikhulu se-sodium cyanide sisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegolide, ukuvelisa izixa ezibalulekileyo ze-cyanide - eziqulethe amanzi amdaka. Umgodi wamkele inkqubo yonyango esekelwe kwi-hydrogen peroxide. Okokuqala, amanzi amdaka aqokelelwa kwitanki enkulu yokugcina. I-pH yamanzi amdaka yahlengahlengiswa ukuya kwi-9 kusetyenziswa ikalika. Emva koko, i-35% ye-hydrogen peroxide yongezwa kumanzi amdaka ngempompo yokulinganisa iimitha. Isixa esongezelelweyo sibalwa ngokusekelwe kugxininiso lwe-cyanide kumanzi amdaka, kunye nokugqithisa okuncinci ukuqinisekisa i-oxidation epheleleyo.

Amanzi amdaka aye axutywa kusetyenziswa isixhobo sokwenza izinto esivuthisa ngomatshini kangangeeyure ezisi-8. Ngeli xesha, ubushushu benkqubo yokusabela bugcinwe malunga ne-35 ° C ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokupholisa kunye nokufudumeza. Emva kokusabela, i-sodium sulfite yongezwa ukubola i-hydrogen peroxide eseleyo. Amanzi amdaka acociweyo aye athunyelwa kwitanki yentlenga ukuze ahlukane okuqinileyo. I-supernatant yahlaziywa, kwaye iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-cyanide concentration kumanzi amdaka aphathwayo yehla ukusuka kwixabiso lokuqala le-500 mg / L ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-0.5 mg / L, ihlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhutshwa kwendawo. Eli tyala libonisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo yonyango ye-hydrogen peroxide kwindawo yangempela yezoshishino zehlabathi.

isiphelo

Unyango lwe-hydrogen peroxide Amanzi amdaka eSodium Cyanide yindlela esebenzayo nesebenzayo kwimveliso yamashishini. Ngokuqonda imigaqo yokusabela, ukwandisa ukuhamba kwenkqubo, kunye nokulawula izinto eziphambili ezifana ne-pH, ubushushu, kunye needosi ze-reagent, unyango oluphezulu lwe-cyanide - oluqulethe amanzi amdaka lunokufezekiswa. Nangona kunjalo, ukubeka iliso okuqhubekayo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kuyadingeka ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle konyango kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yokusingqongileyo. Njengoko iimfuno zokusingqongileyo ziya zisiba ngqongqo, indlela yonyango yehydrogen peroxide kumanzi amdaka esodium cyanide kulindeleke ukuba idlale indima ebaluleke ngakumbi ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo.