Uphando malunga neCyanide-Iqulathe ukuNyangwa kwaManzi amdaka kunye nokuFumana ngokuBanzi kwezinto eziBalulekileyo

Kwicandelo lophuhliso lwanamhlanje lwemizi-mveliso, ukuveliswa kwamanzi amdaka ane- cyanide yinto engenakuphepheka kwimiba eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukumbiwa kwemigodi, ukufakelwa kwe-electroplating, kunye nokuveliswa kweekhemikhali. La manzi amdaka akabeki nje kuphela umngcipheko omkhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo kunye nempilo yabantu ngenxa yendalo enobuthi kakhulu ye-cyanide kodwa ikwanazo nezinto ezixabisekileyo ezinokufunyanwa, ezibonelela ngeenzuzo zokusingqongileyo kunye noqoqosho. Ngenxa yoko, uphando malunga nokunyangwa kwamanzi amdaka ane-cyanide kunye nokubuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo kwezinto ezixabisekileyo lube ngumxholo obalulekileyo otsala ingqalelo enkulu kwiingcali zemfundo nakwimizi-mveliso.

Ubunzima baManzi amdaka aneCyanide

I-Cyanide yinto enetyhefu kakhulu enokuphazamisa kakhulu ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuphefumla kunye ne-nervous nakwindawo ephantsi. Xa amanzi amdaka ane-cyanide ekhutshelwa kumanzi endalo ngaphandle konyango olululo, oko kunokukhokelela ekufeni kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, kutshabalalise ulungelelwaniso lwendalo lwendalo yamanzi, kwaye kungcolise umhlaba namanzi aphantsi komhlaba ngokuphuma kwamanzi, kubangele umonakalo wexesha elide node ufikelele kude kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ukongeza, ngokwembono yezoqoqosho, ukulahlwa ngokungafanelekanga kwamanzi amdaka ane-cyanide kuthetha inkunkuma yemithombo exabisekileyo, njengesinyithi esinexabiso njengegolide, isilivere, kunye neentsimbi ezinzima ezifana nobhedu, i-zinc, ezihlala zikhona kuloo manzi amdaka.

Ubuchwephesha boNyango oluPhezulu lwaManzi amdaka aneCyanide

Iindlela ze-Chemical Oxidation

I-chemical oxidation yenye yezona ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekunyangeni amanzi amdaka ane-cyanide. Iinkqubo ezifana ne-chlorination, i-ozonation, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-hydrogen peroxide zisetyenziswa kakhulu. I-chlorination, umzekelo, isebenzisa i-chlorine okanye iikhompawundi zayo uku-oxidation i-ions ze-cyanide zibe yi-ions ze-cyanate ezingenabungozi kangako, ize emva koko i-oxidation ngakumbi kwi- Carbon dioxide kunye ne-nitrogen phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. I-Ozonation, enekhono layo elikhulu loku-oxidation, inokuyonakalisa ngokukhawuleza i-cyanide, kwaye impendulo iphelele, ishiya ungcoliseko oluncinci lwesibini. Ezi ndlela ze-chemical oxidation zinokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukuxinana kwe-cyanide emanzini amdaka, zenze ukuba ihlangabezane nemigangatho yokukhupha.

Iindlela zonyango lwebhayoloji

Unyango lwebhayoloji lusebenzisa iimicroorganisms ukwenza imetabolize kunye nokubola icyanide. Iibhaktheriya ezithile ziyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nemeko-bume ene-cyanide kwaye isebenzise i-cyanide njengomthombo wekhabhoni kunye nomthombo we-nitrogen wokukhula nokuzala. Le ndlela ineenzuzo zeendleko eziphantsi, ubuhlobo bokusingqongileyo, kunye nokukwazi ukuphatha ubuninzi bamanzi amdaka ngokuqhubekayo. Nangona kunjalo, inomdla kwizinto ezifana neqondo lokushisa, ixabiso le-pH, kunye nobukho bezinto ezithintelayo kumanzi amdaka, okufuna ukulawulwa ngokungqongqo kweemeko zokusebenza.

Iindlela zonyango lwePhysical-Chemical

Iindlela ze-physical-chemical, eziquka ukufunxa, ukutshintshiselana kwee-ion, kunye nokwahlulwa kwe-membrane, nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kunyango lwamanzi amdaka aqulethe i-cyanide . Ukufunxa kwe-carbon esebenzayo kunokususa ngempumelelo i-cyanide eseleyo kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo eziphilayo emanzini amdaka. Ii-ion exchange resins zinokufunxa ngokukhetha ii-ion ze-cyanide kunye nee-metal-cyanide complexes, zifezekisa ukwahlulwa kunye nokutyetyiswa kwe-cyanide. Itekhnoloji yokwahlulwa kwe-membrane, efana ne-reverse osmosis kunye ne-nanofiltration, inokwahlula i-cyanide kunye nezinto ezixabisekileyo kumanzi amdaka ngokusebenzisa ii-membranes ezingeneka kancinci, ngokuphumelela okukhulu kokwahlulwa kunye nozinzo oluhle.

UkuBuyiselwa kwakhona okuBanzi kweZinto ezineXabiso

Ukubuyiswa kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo

Kwimizi-mveliso yemigodi kunye ne-electroplating, amanzi amdaka ane-cyanide ahlala equlathe iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo njengegolide nesilivere. Ubuchwephesha obufana nokutsalwa kwe-solvent, i-electrowinning, kunye notshintshiselwano lwe-ion ngokuqhelekileyo lusetyenziselwa ukubuyiswa kwabo. Ukutsalwa kwe-solvent kusebenzisa izinyibilikisi ze-organic ukukhetha ngokukhetha izinto ezixabisekileyo zesinyithi-cyanide kumanzi amdaka, kulandelwa kukuhluba kunye nemvula ukufumana iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo. I-Electrowinning ibuyisela ngokuthe ngqo isinyithi kumanzi amdaka ngokusebenzisa i-electrolysis, yindlela elula nesebenzayo yokubuyisela isinyithi.

Ukubuyiswa kweeMetali eziNto

Kwisinyithi esinzima esifana nobhedu kunye ne-zinc kumanzi amdaka ane-cyanide, iindlela ezinje ngemvula yekhemikhali, isamente, kunye nokutsalwa kwesinyibilikisi zinokusetyenziswa. Imvula yekhemikhali isebenzisa ii-reagents ukusabela ngee-ion zentsimbi enzima ukwenza imvula enganyibilikiyo, ethi emva koko yahlulwe. I-Cementation isebenzisa iintsimbi ezininzi ze-electropositive ukususa isinyithi esinzima kwisisombululo, ukufezekisa ukubuyisela. Ezi ndlela zokubuyisela azigcini nje ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lwendalo olubangelwa zisinyithi ezinzima kodwa zijika inkunkuma ibe bubutyebi, idala ixabiso lezoqoqosho.

Imingeni kunye neZibonelelo

Ngaphandle kwenkqubela ebalulekileyo kunyango lwamanzi amdaka anecyanide kunye nokufunyanwa kwezinto ezixabisekileyo, kusekho imingeni emininzi. Ngokomzekelo, ixabiso eliphezulu lobunye ubugcisa bonyango oluphezulu, ubunzima bokunyanga amanzi amdaka ngamacandelo anzima, kunye nobunzima bokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwexesha elide kweenkqubo zonyango. Kwixesha elizayo, abaphandi kufuneka bagxininise ekuphuhliseni unyango oludibeneyo olusebenzayo, oluphantsi, kunye nokusingqongileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokubuyisela. Ukudityaniswa kweendlela ezininzi zonyango, ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kwemathiriyeli, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nedatha enkulu ekulawuleni inkqubo kunokwenzeka ukuba ibe yimikhombandlela yophuhliso ebalulekileyo, igalelo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwamashishini ngelixa ikhusela indalo esingqongileyo.

Ukuqukumbela, uphando olungonyango lwamanzi amdaka anecyanide kunye nokufunyanwa ngokupheleleyo kwezinto ezixabisekileyo lubaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi, kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho. Uphononongo oluqhubekayo kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kulo mmandla kuya kuzisa iimpembelelo ezintle ngakumbi kokusingqongileyo kwendalo kunye noqoqosho lwezoshishino.