I-Sodium Cyanide: Ukuqonda ukusetyenziswa kwayo, iiPropati, kunye noKhuseleko loKhuseleko

I. Intshayelelo

I-sodium cyanide (ifomula yeekhemikhali: i-NaCN) yikhompawundi enetyhefu eninzi edlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini kunye nophando lwenzululwazi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo Utyhefu kunye neengozi ezinokubakho, kubalulekile ukuqonda okuchanekileyo kwaye ukusebenzise ngokukhuselekileyo. Eli nqaku liza kukwazisa ngemiba emithathu: Usebenzisa, Properties, yaye Amanyathelo okhuseleko, ukunceda abafundi ukuba bawuqonde ngokupheleleyo lo mchiza ukhethekileyo.

II. Ukusetyenziswa kweSodium Cyanide

1.I-Metal Processing kunye ne-Metallurgy

• I-Electroplating: Njengenye yamacandelo esisombululo se-electroplating, Isodium cyanide inokunceda ukwenza i-uniform kunye ne-dense coating (efana negolide, isilivere, ubhedu, njl.) kwindawo yesinyithi.

• Ukutsalwa kwegolide: Kwinkqubo yecyanidation yokukhutshwa kwegolide, sodium cyanide idibana negolide yenze into enyibilikayo, nto leyo eyahlula igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada.

2.I-Organic Synthesis

• Isetyenziselwa ukwenza iicyanides, i-pharmaceutical intermediates (ezifana ne-vitamin B1), iidayi, izibulali-zinambuzane, njl.

• Njenge-reagent ye-nucleophilic kwi-organic synthesis, ithatha inxaxheba kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali.

3.Izicelo zaseLabhoratri

• Isetyenziswe njenge-reagent yokuhlalutya (njengokumiselwa kwee-ion zetsimbi ezifana ne-cobalt kunye nobhedu), okanye njenge-catalyst kwiimvavanyo ezithile.

III. Iipropati zeSodium Cyanide

1.IiPropati zoMzimba

• Kubonakala: Iikristale ezimhlophe okanye umgubo, onqabileyo ngokulula.

• Umzimba: Inyibilika ngokulula emanzini, kwaye isisombululo esinamanzi sinamandla e-alkaline; Inyibilika kancinane kwi-ethanol.

• Indawo yokunyibilika: Ngokumalunga ne-563.7 ° C, kunye neqondo lokubilisa malunga ne-1496 ° C.

2.IiPropati zeChemical

• Utyhefu: Inetyhefu kakhulu. Idosi yomlomo ebulalayo imalunga ne-1 - 2 mg / kg (kubantu abadala).

• Ukuphinda usebenze: Idibana neeasidi ukuvelisa igesi eyityhefu kakhulu yehydrogen cyanide (HCN); kunokubangela ukusabela ngobundlobongela xa udibana nee-oxidants ezinamandla.

• Uzinzo: Iyazinzile kumoya owomileyo, kodwa iya kubola kancinane xa ibekwe emanzini okanye kumoya ofumileyo, ikhuphe igesi eyityhefu.

IV. ImiGaqo yoKhuseleko

1.I-Toxicity Mechanism kunye neeNgozi

• Ityhefu ye Isodium cyanide ivela kwi-cyanide ion (CN⁻) ikhupha, enokuthintela i-enzymes yokuphefumula yeselula, ekhokelela kwi-tissue hypoxia kwaye, kwiimeko ezinzima, ukufa.

• Iimpawu zetyhefu ezibukhali: Intloko, isicaphucaphu, i-dyspnea, ukudideka, kunye nokuxhuzula kunye nokubanjwa kwentliziyo.

2.Amanyathelo oKhuselo

• Khuselo lwaBantu: Nxiba iimpahla ezikhuselayo, iiglavu, iiglasi, kwaye usebenzise imaski yegesi (enekhatriji yokucoca).

• Indawo yokuSebenza: Sebenza kwi-fume hood okanye inkqubo evaliweyo ukunqanda ukusasazwa kothuli.

3.Ukugcinwa kunye noThutho

• Ugcino olutywiniweyo: Gcina kwindawo eyomileyo nepholileyo, kude neeasidi, ii-oxidants, kunye nokutya.

• Ukuleyibhile kunye nesilumkiso: Isikhongozeli kufuneka sibhalwe ngophawu olulumkisayo olunje ngo "Highly Toxic" kunye "Corrosive".

4.Unyango olungxamisekileyo

• Unyango lokuvuza: Nxiba izixhobo ezikhuselayo, gubungela into evuzayo ngesanti okanye izinto ezingasebenziyo, kwaye uphephe ukudibana ngokuthe ngqo.

• Uncedo Lokuqala Lwetyhefu: Msuse ngoko nangoko umntu onetyhefu kwindawo enomoya opholileyo, gcina indlela yomoya ungaphazamisekiyo, funa unyango ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, yaye wazise abasebenzi bezonyango ngento enetyhefu.

5.Ukuthotyelwa kweMimiselo

• I-sodium cyanide yikhemikhali eyingozi elawulwa ngokungqongqo ngurhulumente. Kuyimfuneko ukuthobela iMimiselo yoLawulo loKhuseleko lweMichiza eyiNgozi, kwaye imvume iyafuneka ekuthuthweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwayo.

V. Case Warnings

Kwingozi yokuqhuma kwePort yaseTianjin kwi-2015. ukuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide kutsale ingqalelo ebanzi, kugxininisa imiphumo emibi yokugcina nokulawula okungafanelekanga. Esi siganeko sisebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokuba naluphi na ukungakhathali kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo eyintlekele, kwaye kufuneka sihlale sinomgangatho ophezulu wokuqapha.

VI. Ukuqukumbela

I-sodium cyanide "ikrele elintlangothi-mbini". Ukusetyenziswa kwayo okunengqiqo kunokukhuthaza inkqubela kwimizi-mveliso, kodwa ukuba ukhuseleko aluhoywa, lusenokukhokelela kwiintlekele. Ukuqonda ukusetyenziswa kwayo, iipropati, kunye nemimiselo yokhuseleko luxanduva lwakhe wonke umntu odibana nayo. Kuphela ngokuyiphatha ngokwesayensi kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo angqongqo okukhusela sinokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomntu kunye nempilo yokusingqongileyo.