Iindlela kunye neeNkqubo zokuSusa i-Cyanide kwi-Sulfide Mineral Surfaces

intshayelelo

Kwinzuzo kunye Ukunyibilika iinkqubo ze-non-ferrous metal sulfide ores, benqanda isoloko isetyenziselwa ukunyusa izinga lokubuyisela isinyithi. Nangona kunjalo, i i-cyanide ukuhlala kumphezulu we-sulfide ores ayinayo impembelelo engalunganga ekuhambeni kwenkqubo elandelayo kodwa kubangela iingxaki ezinzulu zokusingqongileyo. Ngoko ke, ukuphuhliswa kweendlela ezisebenzayo kunye nokusingqongileyo zokususa i-cyanide kumphezulu we-sulfide ores kubaluleke kakhulu.

Imeko yangoku kunye neeNgozi zeCyanide Residue kwiSulfide Mineral Surfaces

Imeko yangoku

Kwinkqubo yemveli yokujikeleza ye-sulfide ores, i-cyanide isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njenge-inhibitor. Inokuthintela ngokukhetha iiminerali ezithile ezingafunwayo kwi-ores yesulfide, ngaloo ndlela ifezekise ukwahlulwa kweeminerali ekujoliswe kuzo kwiiminerali ze-ganggue. Kodwa emva kokujikeleza, isixa esikhulu se-cyanide siya kubhengeza kumphezulu we-sulfide ores. Ngokutsho kophando olufanelekileyo, kwezinye ii-concentrators, umxholo we-cyanide kumphezulu we-sulfide ore ugxininisa emva kokuba i-flotation ingaba phezulu kwii-milligrams ezilikhulu ngekhilogram.

Iingozi

Ukususela kumbono wezobuchwepheshe, i-cyanide eseleyo iya kuphazamisa inkqubo yokunyibilika okulandelayo. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lokunyibilika kwe-copper sulfide ores, i-cyanide iya kwenza ii-complexes ezinobhedu, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kobhedu kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ngokwembono yokusingqongileyo, i-cyanide yinto enetyhefu kakhulu. Xa iintsalela zamanzi amdaka aqulathe icyanide zikhutshelwa kwindalo esingqongileyo, ziya kungcolisa imizimba yamanzi nomhlaba, zibeke emngciphekweni izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini kunye nezityalo eziwangqongileyo, kwaye zide zibe sisoyikiso kwimpilo yabantu ngekhonkco lokutya.

Iindlela zokuSusa i-Cyanide kwi-Sulfide Mineral Surfaces

Indlela ye-Oxidation

1.I-Chemical Oxidation Method

• Umgaqo: Sebenzisa ii-oxidants ezomeleleyo ukwenza i-cyanide ibe zizinto ezinetyhefu encinane okanye ezingenatyhefu. Ii-oxidants eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), i-sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), njl. Ukuthatha i-hydrogen peroxide njengomzekelo, i-reaction equation yayo yile: (2CN + 5H2O2 = 2HCO3 + N2↑ + 4H2O).

• Inkqubo yokuSebenza: Okokuqala, beka i-pulp ye-sulfide ore equkethe i-cyanide kwitanki yokusabela kwaye ulungelelanise ixabiso le-pH le-pulp kuluhlu olufanelekileyo (ngokubanzi, kwi-oxidation ye-hydrogen peroxide, ixabiso le-pH likhethwa phakathi kwe-9 - 11). Emva koko, kancinane yongeza isisombululo sehydrogen peroxide ngelixa uvuselela ukwenza i-oxidant idibane ngokupheleleyo kwaye usabele ngepulp. Ixesha lokuphendula lihlala livela kwiiyure ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3, kwaye ixesha elithile lixhomekeke kugxininiso lwe-cyanide kwi-pulp kunye neempawu ze-ore.

• eziluncedo: Isantya sokusabela sikhawuleza ngokwentelekiso, kwaye isiphumo sokususa i-cyanide silungile, esinokunciphisa ukugxininiswa kwe-cyanide ukuya kwinqanaba eliphantsi.

• nezingeloncedo: Ii-oxidants ezifana ne-hydrogen peroxide zibiza kakhulu, kwaye ii-oxidants ezigqithisileyo zinokuba neempembelelo kwi-beneficiation elandelayo okanye iinkqubo zokunyibilikisa.

Indlela yeAdsorption

1.I-Activated Carbon Adsorption Indlela

• Siseko: Ivuliwe ICarbon inomphezulu omkhulu othile kunye nezakhiwo zemingxuma etyebileyo, ezinokufunxa i-cyanide kumphezulu wayo ngokufunxa ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweekhemikhali.

• Inkqubo yokuSebenza: Yongeza Ikhabhoni esebenzayo kwi-pulp ye-sulfide ore equlethe i-cyanide uze uxube kakuhle ukuze i-activated carbon idibane ngokupheleleyo ne-cyanide kwi-pulp. Ixesha lokufunxa lidla ngokuba yimizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwiiyure ezi-2. Emva kokufunxa, yahlula i-activated carbon kwi-pulp ngokuyihluza okanye ngezinye iindlela.

• eziluncedo: Umsebenzi ulula, kwaye unesiphumo esihle se-adsorption kwi-low-concentration cyanide. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo inokuvuselelwa kwaye isetyenziswe kwakhona.

• nezingeloncedo: Kwi-cyanide ephezulu, umthamo we-adsorption ulinganiselwe, kwaye unyango olungafanelekanga lwe-adsorbed activated carbon luya kubangela ungcoliseko lwesibini.

2.Ion - Exchange Resin Adsorption Indlela

• Siseko: I-Ion - i-resins yokutshintshiselana iqulethe amaqela athile asebenzayo anokutshintshana kunye ne-ion kwi-cyanide, ngaloo ndlela i-adsorbing cyanide kwi-resin.

• Inkqubo yokuSebenza: Layisha i-ion - i-resin yokutshintshiselana kwikholamu yokutshintshiselana kwaye wenze i-pulp ye-sulfide ore equkethe i-cyanide idlule kwikholamu yokutshintshiselana. Lawula izinga lokuhamba kwepulp ukuze uqinisekise ukuba i-cyanide itshintshiselana ngokupheleleyo ne-resin. Xa i-resin igcwele i-adsorption, sebenzisa i-eluent ethile ukukhupha kunye nokuvuselela i-resin.

• eziluncedo: Inokukhethwa okuphezulu kwe-adsorption ye-cyanide kwaye inokufikelela ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo.

• nezingeloncedo: Iindleko ze-resin ziphezulu, inkqubo ye-elution inzima kakhulu, kwaye i-cyanide - equlethe ulwelo lwenkunkuma elution inokuveliswa.

Ezinye iindlela

I-1.I-Acid - Indlela ye-Base Neutralization

• Siseko: Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, i-cyanide iyakwenza i-hydrolysis reactions kwindawo ezine-acidic okanye i-alkaline ukwenza izinto ezinetyhefu encinci okanye ezingenayo ityhefu. Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko ye-acidic, i-cyanide iya kusabela kunye ne-hydrogen ions ukwenza i-hydrocyanic acid (HCN), enokuthi isuswe ngokutshintsha; kwimeko ye-alkaline, i-cyanide i-hydrolyzes ukwenza i-cyanate kunye nezinye izinto.

• Inkqubo yokuSebenza: Ukuba i-acidic hydrolysis yamkelwe, yongeza kancinane izisombululo ezinobumuncu ezifana ne-dilute sulfuric acid kwipulp ye-sulfide ore equlethe i-cyanide, lungisa ixabiso le-pH ukuya ku-2 - 4. Ukuba i-alkaline hydrolysis yamkelwe, yongeza izinto ze-alkaline ezifana ne-sodium hydroxide, lungisa ixabiso le-pH ukuya kwi-10 - 12.

• eziluncedo: Iindleko ziphantsi, kwaye ukusebenza kulula.

• nezingeloncedo: I-asidi ye-hydrocyanic eyenziwa ngexesha le-acidic hydrolysis inetyhefu kakhulu kwaye idinga amanyathelo okukhusela angqongqo; isantya se-alkaline hydrolysis reaction siyacotha, kwaye kusenokubakho inani elincinci lentsalela yecyanide emva konyango.

Uyilo lweNkqubo yokuHamba yokususa iCyanide kuMphezulu weMineral yeSulfidi

Inqanaba loNyango lwangaphambili

1. Uhlengahlengiso lwePulp: Lungisa ukuxinana kwe-pulp ye-sulfide ore emva kokudada. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-pulp concentration ilawulwa phakathi kwe-20% - 40% yonyango olulandelayo. Ngexesha elifanayo, fumana i-concentration yokuqala ye-cyanide kwi-pulp ukubonelela ngesiseko sokumisela iiparameters zenkqubo elandelayo.

2. Ukususwa kokungcola: Susa ukungcola kwamasuntswana amakhulu kunye nezinye izinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo kwi-pulp ngokucoca, i-sedimentation, njl., Ukuthintela ukuphazamisa iinkqubo zonyango ezilandelayo.

Inqanaba lokususa

1. Indlela yoKhetho: Khetha indlela efanelekileyo yokususa ngokwezinto ezinje ngoxinaniso lwecyanide kwipulp, iipropathi zentsimbi, iindleko zonyango, kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-high-concentration cyanide kunye namatyala apho iindleko zingekho inkxalabo, ikhemikhali Indlela ye-oxidation inokubekwa phambili; kwi-low-concentration cyanide kunye nokusingqongileyo-izihlandlo zokuqonda, indlela ye-biological oxidation okanye indlela ye-adsorption inokufaneleka ngakumbi.

2. Inkqubo yoLawulo lweParameter: Ukuthatha i-hydrogen peroxide oxidation kwindawo Ukufakwa kweekhemikhali indlela njengomzekelo, ukulawula ngokungqongqo isixa iperoxide yehidrojeni eyongeziweyo (ibalwe ngokubanzi ngokwecyanide yoxinaniso kunye ne-reaction equation), ubushushu bokusabela (ngokubanzi 20 - 30 ℃), ixabiso le-pH (9 - 11), kunye nesantya esishukumisayo (100 - 300 revolutions ngomzuzu) kunye nezinye iiparameters ukuqinisekisa ukusabela okusebenzayo.

Isithuba - unyango Stage

1. Okuqinileyo - Ukwahlulwa kolwelo: Ukwahlula i-pulp emva kokususwa kwe-cyanide ngokucoca, i-centrifugation, njl.

2. Unyango lwamanzi amdaka: Okunye ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka ahlukanisiweyo ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yesizwe yokukhupha. I-oxidation yesibini, i-adsorption, kunye nezinye iindlela zingasetyenziselwa ukususa ngokujulile i-cyanide kumanzi amdaka ukuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa okukhuselekileyo.

isiphelo

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokususa i-cyanide kumphezulu we-sulfide ores, kwaye indlela nganye inezibonelelo zayo kunye nokungalunganga. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqwalaselwe ngokubanzi izinto ezifana neempawu ze-ore, ukugxilwa kwecyanide, iindleko zonyango, kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo ukukhetha iindlela ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuhamba kwenkqubo. Ngeemfuno ezingqongqo zokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yetekhnoloji, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji esebenzayo ngakumbi, ehambelana nokusingqongileyo, kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokususa i-cyanide kumphezulu we-sulfide ores iya kuba lelona sikhokelo sophando kwixesha elizayo. Ngenkqubo eqhubekayo yokuphucula, kulindeleke ukuba kuphunyezwe iqanda - ukukhutshwa kwecyanide kwinkqubo yokuzuza kunye nokunyibilikiswa kwentsimbi yesulfide kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lesinyithi esingenawo i-ferrous.