Uphando malunga neNdlela yoBuyiselo lweCopper kwiCyanide Copper Plating Amanzi amdaka

1. intshayelelo

Ukuseka imo ye-electroplating ehambelana nendalo kunye nemithombo yobutyebi okwangoku yimixholo emibini emikhulu yophuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini le-electroplating. Kwimeko yokunqongophala kwezixhobo zetsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous emhlabeni kunye nokunyuka okuqhubekayo kweendleko ze-electroplating izinto zetsimbi, ukwamkelwa kobuchwephesha bokugcina i-electroplating kuye kwatsala ingqalelo enkulu. Amashishini e-electroplating aseTshayina anembali emfutshane yophuhliso. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso, bekukho ukunqongophala kwemali kunye nobuchwepheshe obungasemva. Uninzi lweefektri ezincinci ze-electroplating azinalwazi malunga nokubuyiswa kwezinto zetsimbi kumanzi amdaka e-electroplating, singasathethi ke ngophando ngeendlela zokubuyisela. Kuba i-cyanide i-copper plating kunye ne-alloy ye-alloy electroplating amanzi amdaka, i-precipitates eyenziwe yi-divalent copper emva kokuphulwa kwe-cyanide ngamasuntswana amahle, okubangela imvula enzima kunye nokwahlula kunye neendleko eziphezulu. Ngoko ke, kungxamisekile ukufunda iinkqubo ezintsha zokubuyisela.

2. Imigaqo-siseko

2.1 Ukucocwa kweCyanide Copper Plating kunye neCopper Alloy Waste Water

Kwinkqubo yesiqhelo yokuqhekeza i-cyanide kusetyenziswa i-sodium hypochlorite, i-pH yamanzi amdaka aqulethe i-cyanide kufuneka ilungiswe ibe yi-11 - 12. Ngokwesiqhelo ngokongeza i-sodium hydroxide. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqhekeza i-cyanide, i-cyanide iguqulwa ibe ICarbon i-dioxide kunye ne-nitrogen, kunye nee-ion ze-copper ze-monovalent zi-oxidized zibe yi-ion ze-copper ezi-divalent, ezithi emva koko zenze amasuntswana amancinci e-carbonate ye-copper esisiseko exhonywe emanzini amdaka. Ukufakwa kwendalo kwe-sedimentation kuthatha ixesha elingaphezu kosuku lonke kwaye akukakwazi ukufumana imvula epheleleyo. Inani elikhulu le-coagulant aid kunye ne-flocculant ziyafuneka ukuze kufunyanwe imvula epheleleyo kunye nokwahlukana. Ngaphambili, xa i-copper yayingafunyanwa, amanzi amdaka emva kokuqhekeka kwe-cyanide ayexutywa namanzi amdaka aqulethe i-acid, awayephathwa ngendlela yelame. I-Basic copper carbonate yayifunxwa kwiindawo ezikwi-comprecipitates emanzini amdaka adibeneyo kwaye ekugqibeleni yahlulwe yaza yahlulwa.

Inkqubo entsha yokuqhawula icyanide kukongeza ikalika ukulungisa ipH. Ikharbon diokside eveliswa ngexesha lokuqhekeka kwecyanide idibana nekhalsiyam oxide yenze icalcium carbonate. Ngelo xesha, i-copper carbonate esisiseko i-co-precipitates kunye ne-calcium carbonate ukwenza i-particle precipitates enkulu.

2.2 Ukucocwa kwamanye aManzi amdaka anoKhopolo

I-ion ze-divalent zekopha kumanzi amdaka obhedu akhazimlayo obumuncu adibana nekalika ukwenza i-hydroxide yobhedu, kwaye iasidi yesulfuric idibana nekalika yenze i-calcium sulfate kunye namanzi. Kumanzi amdaka e-pyrophosphate yobhedu, i-pyrophosphate radical kunye ne-ion zobhedu zikhona ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi. Xa iphathwa ngekalika, i-pyrophosphate radical idibana ne-calcium oxide ukuze yenze i-calcium pyrophosphate precipitate, kwaye ii-ion ze-copper zidibana ne-calcium oxide zenze i-copper hydroxide.

3. Inkqubo yoBuyiselo

3.1 Ukwenziwa kwaManzi amdaka anoKhopolo

Amanzi amdaka aqulathe ubhedu aquka iindidi ezininzi ezifana ne-cyanide copper plating, i-copper-zinc alloy, i-copper-tin alloy, i-acidic ekhanyayo yobhedu, kunye namanzi amdaka e-pyrophosphate. I-cyanide copper plating, i-copper-zinc alloy, kunye namanzi amdaka e-copper-tin alloy angena kwitanki yokulungelelaniswa kwamanzi amdaka ene-cyanide, ngelixa i-acidic ekhanyayo yobhedu kunye namanzi amdaka e-pyrophosphate aqukuqela kwitanki yokulungelelanisa yamanzi amdaka ene-copper. I-Cyanide copper plating kunye ne-copper alloy wastewaters ziqulethe izinto ezixubileyo ezifana Isodium cyanide, i-potassium ye-sodium tartrate, kunye ne-ammonium thiocyanate, eyenza ii-complex kunye ne-ion zethusi. Amanzi amdaka e-Copper pyrophosphate plating aqulethe izakhiwo ze-pyrophosphate zobhedu. I-Cyanide copper plating kunye namanzi amdaka ealloyi yobhedu athatha malunga ne-90% yamanzi amdaka ewonke anobhedu, ngelixa i-acidic ekhazimlayo yobhedu kunye namanzi amdaka e-pyrophosphate amalunga ne-10%.

3.2 Inkqubo ye-Oxidation yeCopper Complexes

Ngaphambi kokubuyisela ubhedu, kuyimfuneko ukuphula iikhompleksi zobhedu kumanzi amdaka e-electroplating kunye ne-oxidize i-Cu⁺ ion kwi-Cu²⁺ ion. Indlela edibeneyo yesisombululo se-sodium hypochlorite kunye ne-hydrogen peroxide isetyenziselwa ukuphula i-cyanide kunye ne-complexing agents ezifana ne-potassium sodium tartrate. Kukho amatanki amathathu aqhekeza icyanide. Amanzi amdaka anecyanide kunye namanzi amdaka anobhedu ampontshelwa kwitanki yokuqhekeza icyanide yenqanaba lokuqala. Ubisi lwekalika longezwa ukulungisa i-pH ukuya kwi-11 - 12. kwaye umlinganiselo wokongeza wobisi lwekalika ulungelelaniswa yinkqubo yokulawula i-pH. Ngelo xesha, isisombululo se-sodium hypochlorite songezwa ukuphula i-cyanide. I-hydrogen peroxide yongezwa kwi-tank yenqanaba lesibini lokuqhekeza i-cyanide ukuqhubeka nokuphula i-cyanide kunye ne-oxidizing agents ezifana ne-potassium sodium tartrate. Ngenxa yokucotha kwesantya sokusabela, itanki yenqanaba lesithathu lokuqhekeza icyanide yongezwa. Kwinqanaba lesithathu le-cyanide-breaking tank, ukususwa kwe-cyanide kunye ne-complexing agents ezifana ne-potassium sodium tartrate ihlolwe ngokweenkcukacha zohlalutyo lweekhemikhali kunye namava. Ngokugqitywa kwe-oxidation reaction, i-Cu⁺ emanzini amdaka iguqulwa ngokupheleleyo ibe yi-Cu²⁺, kwaye isiseko se-carbonate yethusi kunye ne-hydroxide yobhedu yenziwa. Ngethuba le nkqubo, emva kokuba i-pyrophosphate i-plating yamanzi amdaka isabela nge-lime, i-complex eyenziwe ngobhedu kunye ne-pyrophosphate radical iphukile, kwaye i-hydroxide yethusi yenziwe. Idatha yohlalutyo ibonisa ukuba le nkqubo inokwenza amanzi amdaka ahlangabezane nemigangatho yokukhupha. Ukongeza ikalika ukulungisa i-pH kunye ne-ion ze-copper precipitate kunciphisa iindleko zonyango, kwaye ikalika nayo idlala indima yokuncedisa i-coagulant kwaye ibeka ngokupheleleyo i-pyrophosphate radical.

3.3 Ukubuyiswa kobhedu

Kule nkqubo ingentla, ii-ion zobhedu kumanzi amdaka e-electroplating ziguqulwa zibe yi-copper carbonate precipitates. Ukuba isixa sekalika esongeziweyo sikhulu, i-ion zobhedu zinokuguqulwa zibe yi-copper hydroxide precipitates. Njengoko ikalika ifuneka ukukhawulezisa i-pyrophosphate radical kumanzi amdaka e-pyrophosphate yobhedu, isixa sekalika esongeziweyo asinakuba sincinci kakhulu. Iindleko zekalika ziphantsi kakhulu, kwaye zinokongezwa ngokugqithisileyo okufanelekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yonyango.

Emva kokuba i-cyanide ene-cyanide kunye ne-copper-containing-containing waters iphathwa kwii-tank ezintathu ze-cyanide-breaking, zigeleza kwi-tank ye-flocculation. I-sodium pyrosulfite yongezwa kwitanki ye-flocculation ukunciphisa i-peroxide ye-hydrogen engaphezulu, kunye ne-polyacrylamide flocculant yongezwa ukwenza amasuntswana e-precipitate akhule kakhulu. Ukuba i-sodium pyrosulfite ayifakwanga kwitanki ye-flocculation, i-hydrogen peroxide eseleyo emva kokuphulwa kwe-cyanide iyabola ukuvelisa i-oksijini, ebhengezwa kumphezulu we-precipitate particles kwaye ibangela ukuba i-precipitates idada. Ubungakanani be-sodium pyrosulfite eyongeziweyo kufuneka ibe yinto yokuba i-precipitates ayifuni ukudada, kwaye ukugqithisa okufanelekileyo kuyamkeleka.

Emva kokudlula kwi-tank ye-flocculation, amanzi amdaka ageleza kwi-tank sedimentation ye-tube. Emva kokuba i-precipitates ihlulwe emanzini, ingena kwi-sedimentation thickening tank, ize ihluzwe ngesihluzo sokucoca. Ikhekhe lokucoca libuyiselwe, kwaye i-filtrate ibuyela kwitanki yokulungelelanisa. Ikeyiki yesihluzi esifunyenweyo esiqulathe ubhedu ithengwa yinkampani yobuchwephesha kwaye ithunyelwe kumvelisi oyingcali ukuvelisa isulfate yobhedu okanye ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ubhedu lwe-electrolytic.

4. Izibonelelo

Amanzi amdaka aqulathe ubhedu aveliswa kwiindibano zocweyo ezine ze-electroplating. Uhlalutyo kunye nedatha yokubeka iliso ibonisa ukuba i-avareji yoxinaniso lobunzima bobhedu kwi I-Cyanide yobhedu yokucoca amanzi amdaka yi-345mg/L, oko kukuthi, itoni nganye yamanzi amdaka iqulethe i-0.345kg yobhedu. Isixa sisonke samanzi amdaka enziwe nge-cyanide copper ngenyanga amalunga nama-4600t, aqulathe i-1587kg yobhedu. Kunye nobhedu kwamanye amanzi amdaka anobhedu, malunga ne-1700kg yobhedu inokufunyanwa ngenyanga. Ingeniso yenyanga yenkampani ekuthengiseni i-sludge enobhedu yi-RMB 30.000 - 40.000. Ukubuyiswa kwenkampani yobhedu kumanzi amdaka e-electroplating kuthintela ukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kobhedu lwesinyithi, kungekuphela nje ukunciphisa iindleko ze-electroplating kodwa nokunciphisa ungcoliseko lwesibini lwe-electroplating sludge kwindalo esingqongileyo, ukufikelela kwizibonelelo ezilungileyo zoqoqosho nezentlalo.

5. Isiphelo

Ishishini le-electroplating lishishini elingcolisa kakhulu. Kwimeko yangoku apho iinkqubo zonyango kunye nobuchwepheshe bamanzi amdaka e-electroplating e-China zibuyele ngasemva, ukufunda ngokukhutheleyo iindlela zokubuyisela isinyithi esingenantsimbi emanzini amdaka e-electroplating kubaluleke kakhulu ekusekeni imo ye-electroplating yobutyebi kunye nokusingqongileyo kunye nokugcina uphuhliso oluzinzileyo loshishino lwe-electroplating. Indlela yokuphatha i-cyanide copper plating kunye namanye amanzi amdaka aqukethe ubhedu ukubuyisela ubhedu usebenzisa ikalika efundwe kweli phepha ibonise iziphumo ezilungileyo kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, ibonelela ngendlela enokwenzeka yophuhliso oluluhlaza kushishino lwe-electroplating.