I-Electrowining yeGolide ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Cyanide Solution

intshayelelo

I-cyanidation kudala iyeyona ndlela iphambili yokukhupha igolide kwi-ores. Emva kwe i-cyanide inkqubo leaching, igolide ekhoyo kwi isisombululo secyanide, eyaziwa ngokuba yisisombululo se-pregnant leach. Ngokwesiko, iindlela ezifana ICarbon ukufunxwa (njengenkqubo yeCarbon-in-Column - CIC) kunye ne-zinc cementation (inkqubo yeMerrill Crowe) zisetyenzisiwe ukufumana igolide kwesi sisombululo. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumana i-electrowinning ngqo kwizisombululo ze-cyanide kuye kwavela njengendlela ethembisayo, enika iingenelo ezininzi ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kakuhle, iindleko, kunye nempembelelo yokusingqongileyo.

UmGaqo wokuNgqo ngoMbane

I-electrowinning ngqo yinkqubo ye-electrochemical. Kumxholo we ukutsalwa kwegolide ukusuka kwisisombululo se-cyanide, xa umbane wombane udlula kwisisombululo se-cyanide esinegolide ngendlela ye-aurocyanide complexes (Au(CN)_2^-), ezi ntshukumo zilandelayo zenzeka kwi-electrode:

• Kwi cathode: Au(CN)_2^- + e^- \ekunene Au + 2CN^-

I-ion zegolide kwi-aurocyanide complex ifumana i-electron kwaye ifakwe njengegolide yentsimbi kumphezulu we-cathode.

• Kwi-anode: Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko, i-oxidation yamanzi okanye i-oxidation yezinye iintlobo kwisisombululo ingenzeka. Umzekelo, 2H_2O \utolo lwasekunene O_2 + 4H^+ + 4e^-

Izinto eziluncedo zoMbane oNgqo

1. Ukulula: Xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zamanyathelo amaninzi afana nekhabhoni adsorption elandelwa yi-lution kunye ne-electrowinning (kwimeko ye-CIC), i-electrowinning ngokuthe ngqo kunciphisa inani leyunithi yokusebenza. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuhamba kwenkqubo iyonke, kwenza kube lula ukusebenza kunye nokugcina.

2. Iindleko - ukusebenza kakuhle: Ngamanyathelo enkqubo ambalwa, kukho amandla emali ephantsi kunye neendleko zokusebenza. Akukho mfuneko yokutyalomali kwiindawo ezinkulu zokuvuselela i-carbon (njenge-CIC) okanye uthenge ubuninzi be-zinc powder (njengenkqubo ye-Merrill Crowe).

3. IMveliso yoBunyulu obuPhezulu: I-electrodeposition ngqo yegolide inokubangela idiphozithi yegolide ecocekileyo kwi-cathode. Oku kunokunciphisa imfuno yeenkqubo zokucokisa kakhulu ezantsi, ukonga ngakumbi iindleko.

4. IiNzuzo zokusiNgqongileyo: Ngokuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-zinc kwinkqubo ye-Merrill Crowe, kukho isizukulwana esincinci se-zinc-equlethe inkunkuma. Ukongeza, ukwenziwa lula kwenkqubo kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ngokubanzi kunye nokuveliswa kwenkunkuma.

Iingqwalasela zeNkqubo

1. Ukugxilwa kwesisombululo: Ukuxinana kwegolide kwisisombululo secyanide yinto ebalulekileyo. Ngelixa i-electrowinn ethe ngqo ingasetyenziswa kwizisombululo ezinoluhlu olubanzi lokugxilwa kwegolide, ugxininiso oluphezulu lukhokelela kumazinga okubekwa ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, ukugxilwa kwegolide okuphezulu kakhulu kunokufuna uyilo olukhethekileyo lwe-electrode ukuqinisekisa ukubekwa okufanayo.

2. Izinto ze-Electrode: Ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-electrode kubalulekile. Uboya bentsimbi buhlala busetyenziswa njengesixhobo secathode kwindawo ephezulu, evumela ukubekwa kwegolide okusebenzayo. Kwi-anode, izinto ezichasene nokubola kwisisombululo se-cyanide, njenge-anode ezinzileyo (i-DSA), zikhethwa.

3. i-pH kunye noBushushu: I-pH yesisombululo se-cyanide kufuneka ilawulwe ngononophelo. I-alkaline pH kancinane ngokuqhelekileyo iyagcinwa ukunqanda ukubola kwecyanide. Ubushushu besisombululo bunokuchaphazela isantya se-electrowinning, kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngokubanzi onyusa ireyithi yokusabela kodwa anokubanakho ukonyusa umngcipheko wokubola kwecyanide.

Inkqubo yokuPhuma

1. Ukulungiselela Isisombululo: Isisombululo esikhulelweyo se-cyanide leach ukusuka kwimfumba ye-leaching okanye ezinye iinkqubo ze-cyanidation kuqala zixhomekeke kunyango lwangaphambili. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuhluzwa ukususa izinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo, njengoko ezi zinokuphazamisana nenkqubo yokuphumelela i-electrowinning kwaye kubangele imijikelezo emifutshane phakathi kwee-electrode.

2. Electrowinning Cell: Isisombululo esenziwe kwangaphambili sityiswa kwiseli ye-electrowinning. Iseli ixhotyiswe nge-anode kunye ne-cathode. Njengoko kusetyenziswa umsinga wombane, igolide iqala ukufaka kwi-cathode.

3. UkuBuyiswa kwegolide: Emva kokuba inani elaneleyo legolide lifakwe kwi-cathode, i-cathode iyasuswa kwiseli. Igolide inokuhluthwa kwi-cathode mhlawumbi ngoomatshini okanye ngokwekhemikhali, kuxhomekeke kubume bezinto zecathode. Igolide ehlutyiweyo ke iye yahluzwa ngakumbi ukuze ifumane igolide esulungekileyo.

Imiceli mngeni kunye nembonakalo yexesha elizayo

1. Ulawulo lweCyanide: Nangona i-electrowinning ethe ngqo ibonelela ngezinto ezilungileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kwinkqubo yokutsalwa kwegolide iyonke kusabeka imingcipheko yokusingqongileyo nokhuseleko. Uphando lwexesha elizayo lunokujolisa ekudibaniseni i-electrowinning ethe ngqo kunye nezinye iindlela, iindlela zokuvuza ezingenatyhefu.

2. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla: Inkqubo ye-electrowinning ifuna isixa esibalulekileyo samandla ombane. Ukuphuhlisa amandla amaninzi - izixhobo ezisebenzayo ze-electrode kunye noyilo lweeseli yindawo yophando olusebenzayo.

3. Ukusabalala: Njengayo nayiphi na itekhnoloji evelayo, ukonyusa i-electrowinning ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka kwilabhoratri - isikali ukuya kwizikali zeshishini - kufuneka ziphuculwe ngononophelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okungaguqukiyo kunye nokusebenza kweendleko.

Ukuphumelela ngokuthe ngqo kwegolide kwizisombululo zecyanide kubonisa ukuqhubela phambili okubonakalayo kobuchwepheshe kushishino lwemigodi yegolide. Ngophando olongezelelekileyo kunye nophuhliso lokujongana nemingeni ekhoyo, inamandla okuba yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo ukubuyiswa kwegolide ku futshane.