Imiba ephambili echaphazela iGold Cyanidation Leaching

Ukucocwa kwegolide nge-cyanidation, inkqubo ebalulekileyo kushishino lwemigodi yegolide, kubandakanya ukunyibilikisa igolide kwisisombululo se -cyanide yamanzi ukuze kukhutshwe isinyithi esixabisekileyo. Nangona isebenza kakuhle kakhulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwale ndlela kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka iinjineli zemigodi kunye nabaqhubi bazilawule ngononophelo. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukubuyiswa kwegolide kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza.

1. Ukugxilwa kweCyanide

Uxinzelelo lwe-cyanide kwisisombululo sokukhuhla luyinto ephambili ebangela ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhupha igolide. Ii-ion ze-Cyanide zenza ii-complexes ezizinzileyo ngegolide, nto leyo evumela ukunyibilika kwayo. Ngokubanzi, ukwanda koxinzelelo lwe-Cyanide kwandisa amazinga okukhupha igolide. Nangona kunjalo, olu lwalamano alukho ngqo. Xa kuxinana okuphantsi, ukuxinana okunganelanga kwenzeka, nto leyo ebangela ukunyibilika kwegolide okungaphelelanga. Kwelinye icala, amanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu e-cyanide anokukhokelela kwiindleko zokusebenza ezinyukileyo, iingozi zokusingqongileyo ngenxa yokuvuza kwe-cyanide, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwiinkqubo zokubuyisa igolide ezilandelayo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ugxininiso lwe-cyanide lwe-0.01% - 0.1% luyacetyiswa kwiintsimbi ezininzi zegolide. Kwii-refractory ores kunye ne-complex mineralological compositions, ugxininiso oluphezulu lunokuba yimfuneko, kodwa oku kufuna uqwalaselo olucokisekileyo ukulungelelanisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhutshwa kunye neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo kunye nezoqoqosho.

2. Inqanaba le-pH lePulp

Ukugcina inqanaba le-pH elifanelekileyo kwipulp yecyanidation kubalulekile ekunyibilikeni kwegolide. Izisombululo ze-Cyanide ziphezulu kakhulu pH - ezinobuthathaka; kumaxabiso e-pH ephantsi, i-hydrogen cyanide (HCN), i-compound eguqukayo kunye netyhefu, iifom, ukunciphisa ukufumaneka kwee-ion ze-cyanide zamahhala zokuxutywa kwegolide. Ukongeza, iimeko ezineasidi zinokubangela ukunyibilika kwezinye iiminerali, ezinjengentsimbi kunye nobhedu, ezinokutya icyanide kwaye ziphazamise ukutsalwa kwegolide.

Indawo ene-alkaline kancinane, enoluhlu lwe-pH ye-10 - 11. yeyona ilungileyo kwi-cyanidation yegolide. Ikalika idla ngokusetyenziswa njengolawulo lwe-pH ngenxa yempumelelo yayo ekugcineni ialkalinity, iindleko- ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukucinezela i-oxidation yeeminerali zesulfide ezinokukhuphisana negolide ngecyanide.

3. Ubonelelo ngeoksijini

Ioksijini yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yokusabela kwinkqubo yegolide yecyanidation, iququzelela i-oxidation yegolide yenze igolide enyibilikayo - iicomplexes zecyanide. Ukubonelela ngeoksijini okwaneleyo konyusa kakhulu izinga lokunyibilika kwegolide. Ngokungabikho kweoksijini eyaneleyo, izinga lokuphendula lilinganiselwe kakhulu, elikhokelela ekubuyiseni kwegolide ephantsi.

Iindlela zokuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kweoksijini ziquka ukuphazamiseka komoya, inaliti ye-oxygen, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-oxidizing agents. Ukuphazanyiswa komoya yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo neyindleko-esebenzayo, kodwa kutsalo olusebenza ngakumbi, ngakumbi kwimisebenzi emikhulu, inaliti yeoksijini esulungekileyo ingasetyenziswa. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokubonelela ngeoksijini kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nodidi lwentsimbi ekrwada, umthamo wesityalo, kunye nokuhlala kakuhle kwezoqoqosho.

4. Ubungakanani besuntswana lentsimbi ekrwada

Ubungakanani besuntswana lentsimbi ekrwada budlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yecyanidation. Amancinci amancinci amancinci anyusa indawo ekhoyo yokusabela phakathi kwegolide kunye nesisombululo se-cyanide, ukukhawulezisa izinga lokuchithwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukucola okugqithisileyo ukuphumeza ubungakanani bamasuntswana alunge kakhulu kungenisa iindleko eziphezulu zamandla kwaye kunokukhokelela ekwenziweni kweslime, okunokuthi kuthintele ukwakheka kwegolide-cyanide entsonkothileyo kunye nokwahlulwa okulandelayo okuqinileyo - kolwelo.

Ibhalansi kufuneka ibethwe; ngokubanzi, ukucola intsimbi ekrwada kumlinganiselo apho ama-80 - 90% amasuntswana adlula kwi-74 - μm sieve (200 - mesh) ithathwa njengeyona nto ilungileyo kwimisebenzi emininzi yegolide yecyanidation. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba sesichengeni somphezulu okwaneleyo ngelixa kugcinwa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokwenziwa kwe-slime kujongo.

5. Ubushushu

Ubushushu buchaphazela i-kinetics ye-golden cyanidation reaction. Amaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo alonyusa izinga lokusabela, njengoko ebonelela ngamandla ekinetic kwiiathomli ezisabelayo, zikhawulezisa ukubunjwa kwegolide-i-cyanide complexes. Nangona kunjalo, amaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo nawo anyusa ukuguquguquka kwecyanide, okukhokelela kwilahleko ephezulu yecyanide kunye nemingcipheko yokhuseleko enokwenzeka.

Ngokwenyani, i-cyanidation yegolide ihlala iqhutywa kubushushu obuphakathi ngenxa yorhwebo - ngaphandle phakathi kokwandiswa kwesantya sokusabela kunye nokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwecyanide. Kwizinto ezikrwada ezikrwada okanye kwimisebenzi ekhethekileyo, ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu aphakathi (ukuya kuma-40 - 50°C) kusenokusetyenziswa ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsalwa ngelixa kulawulwa ngononophelo ukuphuphuma komphunga kwecyanide kunye neeprothokholi zokhuseleko.

6. Ubume beMineralogica yeNsimbi ekrwada

Ubukho beeminerali ezahlukeneyo kwintsimbi ekrwada bunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwi-cyanidation yegolide. Amaminerali e-sulfide, afana ne-pyrite kunye ne-arsenopyrite, inokusabela nge-cyanide kunye ne-oksijini, i-reagents edlayo kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwegolide. Ezinye iiminerali zisenokwenza iikhompawundi ezinganyibilikiyo ngegolide okanye icyanide, zithintele ukubunjwa kwegolide enyibilikayo - icyanide complexes.

Iinkqubo zonyango zangaphambili, ezifana nokuqhotsa, i-pressure oxidation, okanye i-bio-oxidation, zingasetyenziselwa ukuphula iiminerali eziphikisayo kunye nokukhulula igolide evaliweyo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-cyanidation. Ukuqonda i-mineralogy ethile yentsimbi ekrwada kubalulekile ekukhetheni iindlela ezifanelekileyo zonyango lwangaphambili kunye nokuphucula inkqubo ye-cyanidation.

Ukuqukumbela, ukucocwa kwe-cyanidation yegolide yinkqubo enzima ephenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi ezinxulumeneyo. Ngokulawula ngononophelo uxinaniso lwe-cyanide, i-pulp pH, ukunikezelwa kweoksijini, ubungakanani bamasuntswana e-ore, ubushushu, kunye nokujongana nemingeni ye-mineralological ye-ore, imisebenzi yokwemba inokwenza ngcono ukubuyiselwa kwegolide, iphucule imbuyekezo yezoqoqosho, kwaye iqinisekise uzinzo lokusingqongileyo. Uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji kweli candelo lujolise ekuphuculeni ngakumbi ezi nkqubo kunye nokoyisa imida enxulumene neendlela zendabuko ze-cyanidation yegolide.