Umahluko phakathi kweekhemikhali ze-sodium cyanide kunye ne-potassium cyanide

Sodium i-cyanide (NaCN) kunye potassium cyanide (I-KCN) zombini ziyimathiriyeli ekrwada yekhemikhali engabalulekanga kunye nezicelo ezibalulekileyo kushishino. Nangona kunjalo, baneempawu ezahlukileyo ezibenza bahluke kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sihlolisise iiyantlukwano zabo ngokweenkcukacha kwimilinganiselo emininzi.

Properties Properties

Kubonakala

I-Potassium cyanide ibonakala njengamaqhuma aqinileyo amhlophe angqukuva, ngelixa sodium cyanide ibonakala ngohlobo lweegranules ezimhlophe zekristale okanye umgubo. Ukongeza, i-potassium cyanide ikhupha ivumba le-almond elikrakra, elinokuba yinto efihlakeleyo kodwa ebalulekileyo. I-sodium cyanide, kwelinye icala, i-hygroscopic ephezulu kwaye ibonisa iipropati ezitshabalalisayo, okwenza kube yimfuneko ukugcina nokuphatha ngononophelo olukhulu ukukhusela ukufunxa komswakama kunye nomonakalo onokuthi ube khona kwizikhongozelo zokugcina.

Indawo yokunyibilika

Ngokumalunga neendawo zokunyibilika, i-potassium cyanide inomlinganiselo ophezulu wokunyibilika omalunga ne-634.5°C, ngelixa Isodium cyanide iyanyibilika malunga ne-563.7°C. Lo mahluko kumanqaku okuncibilika unokuphembelela ukusetyenzwa kwawo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwiindawo zoshishino apho ukulawula ukushisa kubaluleke kakhulu.

Umzimba

Ngokubhekiselele kwi-solubility, i-potassium cyanide ichithwa ngokukhawuleza emanzini kunye ne-glycerol, iququzelele ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezisekelwe emanzini. I-sodium cyanide, ngokuchaseneyo, ibonisa ukunyibilika kwi-ammonia ye-liquid kunye ne-ethanol, eyenza ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiimpendulo ezithile zeekhemikhali kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa ezifuna ezi zinyibilikisi.

mninzi

Ukuxinana kwezi khompawundi zimbini nako kuyahluka, kunye ne potassium cyanide enoxinano lwe 1.52 g/cm³ kwaye Isodium cyanide ukuba ngqindilili malunga ne-1.60 g/cm³. Lo mahluko woxinaniso unokuchaphazela ukuphatha, ukuthutha, kunye neenkqubo zokuxuba kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso.

Iimpawu zeMichiza

Ukuphinda kusebenze nezinye izinto

Xa kufikwa kwi-chemical reactivity, i-potassium cyanide isabela kunye nee-asidi ukuze ivelise igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enobuthi kakhulu, impendulo ekufuneka ilawulwe ngononophelo ukuthintela ukukhutshwa kwesi sithako sibulalayo. I-Sodium cyanide, xa ichaphazeleka yi- ICarbon i-dioxide, ibola kancinci, uphawu oluchaphazela ukugcinwa kwayo kunye nokuzinza kwayo ngokuhamba kwexesha. I-Potassium cyanide ikhupha ubushushu xa isabela emanzini, nto leyo enokubangela iingozi ukuba ayilawulwa kakuhle. I-Sodium cyanide, xa ixutywe ne-oxidizers ezinamandla, inokukhokelela kwiimpendulo eziqhumayo, igxininisa ukubaluleka kwemigaqo yokuphatha engqongqo.

izicelo

Usetyenziso lwemizi-mveliso

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-potassium cyanide kunye ne-sodium cyanide ziyahlukana kakhulu. I-Potassium cyanide ifumana ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini le-electroplating, apho idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwandiseni umgangatho kunye nokuqina kweengubo zentsimbi. Ikwasebenza njengendawo ephakathi kwi-organic synthesis, inegalelo kwimveliso yeekhompawundi ezahlukeneyo zendalo. Ukongezelela, i-potassium cyanide ibandakanyeka ekulungiseleleni i-ferriiicyanides, ezinezicelo kwiifoto kunye nezinye iinkqubo zeekhemikhali.

Isodium cyanide, kwelinye icala, isetyenziswa kakhulu ekutsalweni kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezifana negolide. Ukukwazi kwayo ukwenza ii-complexes ezizinzile kunye ne-ion zegolide yenza ukuba ibe yi-reagent ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yemigodi yegolide kunye nokucokisa. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwee-nitriles, ezizibhloko ezibalulekileyo zokwakha ekudityanisweni kweekhemikhali ezininzi, iiplastiki kunye namayeza. Ngapha koko, i-sodium cyanide inezicelo kwishishini lamayeza, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo kulawulwa kakhulu ngenxa yobutyhefu bayo obugqithisileyo.

Iingqwalaselo zoKhuseleko

Ukuphathwa nokuGcinwa

Ukhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu xa usebenzisana ne-potassium cyanide kunye ne-sodium cyanide ngenxa yetyhefu egqithisileyo. I-Potassium cyanide idla ngokupakishwa kwimigqomo yentsimbi etywiniweyo ukuthintela ukuvuza kunye nokuvezwa. Kufuneka ihanjiswe ngokuthobela ngokungqongqo imimiselo yeekhemikhali ezinobungozi, kwaye imveliso yayo ifuna amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko ukukhusela abasebenzi ekuchaseni. Xa kwenzeka ukudibana kwesikhumba kunye ne-potassium cyanide, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokukhawuleza unyango njengoko kunokukhokelela ngokukhawuleza kwityhefu. Ukusela nokuba isixa esincinci kunokubulala.

Isodium cyanide kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo epholileyo neyomileyo ukuthintela ukufunxwa nokuthotywa kokufuma. Ngexesha lokuphatha, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okukhusela ukukhusela umonakalo wesitya, njengoko nayiphi na ukuvuza kunokukhokelela ekungcoleni kwendalo kwaye kubangele ingozi enkulu kwimpilo yabantu. Kwimeko yokuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide, kukho iinkqubo zokuphendula ezingxamisekileyo ezisemgangathweni ekufuneka zilandelwe ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko lomntu. Ukuphefumla i-sodium cyanide kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwindlela yokuphefumla, kwaye ibeka ingozi enkulu yongcoliseko lwendalo ukuba ayilawulwa kakuhle.

Ukuqukumbela, ngelixa i-potassium cyanide kunye ne-sodium cyanide zabelana ngophawu oluqhelekileyo lwetyhefu egqithisileyo, iyantlukwano kwiipropathi zomzimba, indlela yokuziphatha kweekhemikhali, usetyenziso, kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko zininzi. Ukuwuqonda lo mahluko kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusetyenziswa kwawo ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso. Zombini ezi khompawundi zifuna ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho engqongqo, ukuphathwa ngononophelo, kunye nolawulo olululo lokuthintela iingozi, ukukhusela impilo yabantu, kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo.