Umahluko phakathi kweSodium Ferrocyanide kunye neSodium Cyanide

Kwicandelo lekhemistri, iSodium Ferrocyanide kunye neSodium Cyanide ziikhompawundi ezimbini, nangona zikwabelana ngezinto ezithile, zineempawu ezahlukileyo. Ukuqonda la mahluko kubalulekile, nokuba kukwizicelo zoshishino, uphando lwesayensi, okanye izinto eziqwalaselwe ukhuseleko.

Ubume beMichiza kunye neeFomula

I-Sodium Ferroi-cyanide

I-Sodium ferrocyanide inefomula yemichiza ethi Na₄Fe(CN)₆. Iqulethe i-athomu yentsimbi ephakathi (Fe) elungelelaniswa ne-cyanide (CN) ligands ezintandathu, kunye ne-sodium ezine (Na⁺) ion ibhalansi intlawulo engalunganga ye-anion eyinkimbinkimbi [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻. Kwimo yayo ye-hydrated, ihlala ibonakala njenge-Na₄Fe(CN)₆·10H₂O. Olu lungelelaniso lunika i-sodium ferrocyanide ekhethekileyo yeekhemikhali kunye neempawu zomzimba.

Isodium cyanide

I-sodium cyanide, kunye nefomula ye-NaCN, yinto elula kakhulu ye-ionic. Iqukethe i-ion sodium (Na⁺) kunye ne-cyanide ion (CN⁻). I-cyanide ion luhlobo olusebenzayo kakhulu, olunegalelo elikhulu kwiimpawu zekhompawundi, ngakumbi ubutyhefu bayo.

Properties Properties

Kubonakala

I-sodium ferrocyanide idla ngokubonakala njengezinto eziqinileyo ezityheli ezikristale. Umbala otyheli ubonakala kwi-ferrocyanide anion. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-sodium cyanide ibonakala njengezinto eziqinileyo ezimhlophe ezikristale, ngokuqhelekileyo ngendlela ye-granules okanye i-powder.

Umzimba

I-sodium ferrocyanide iyanyibilika emanzini, kodwa ayinyibiliki etywaleni. Xa inyibilikiswa emanzini, iyahlukana ibe yi-ion ekhoyo, kuquka i-complex [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻ anion. Isodium cyanide, kwelinye icala, inyibilika kakhulu emanzini kwaye inyibilika kwezinye izinyibilikisi zepolar ezifana ne-ethanol. Iyakwazi ukwahlula emanzini ukukhulula i-ion zesodium kunye ne-cyanide ion, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwayo kunye netyhefu.

Amanqaku anyibilikayo kunye nokubilisa

I-sodium ferrocyanide ayinayo indawo yokunyibilika echazwe kakuhle ngokwengqiqo yesintu. Xa ishushu, iphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Ngokomzekelo, iqala ukulahlekelwa iimolekyuli zamanzi malunga ne-50 ° C, kwaye kwi-81.5 ° C, iba yi-anhydrous. Ukufudumeza okungaphezulu ukuya kwi-435 ° C kukhokelela ekuboleni kwayo. Isodium cyanide inendawo yokunyibilika eyi-564°C kunye neqondo lokubila elingu-1469°C. Ezi ndawo ziphezulu zokunyibilika kunye nokubilisa zibangelwa yi-ionic bonds eyomeleleyo kwikhompawundi.

I-Chemical Reactivity

Ukuphinda kusebenze ngeAcids

I-Sodium ferrocyanide izinzile xa kukho ii-asidi ezinyibilikisiweyo, ezingafudumeziyo. Nangona kunjalo, xa ibekwe kwii-asidi ezixineneyo, ezibilayo, inokubola ukuze ivelise igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide yamahhala. Umzekelo, kwindawo ene-asidi enamandla, le mpendulo ilandelayo inokwenzeka: I-Na₄Fe(CN)₆ + 6H₂SO₄ (exineneyo, ebilayo) → 6HCN + 2FeSO₄ + 3Na₂SO₄ + 6H₂O. I-Sodium cyanide isabela kakhulu kwii-asidi. Nee-asidi ezibuthathaka zinokusabela nayo ukuze ivelise igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide, enobungozi kakhulu. Le mpendulo ilandelayo: I-NaCN + HCl → I-NaCl + HCN↑. Le mpendulo iphezulu ngee-asidi yenza i-Sodium cyanide ibe yinto eyingozi kakhulu xa kukho izinto ezine-asidi.

Iimpendulo ze-Oxidation kunye nokuNcitshiswa

I-Sodium ferrocyanide ingafakwa i-oxidized phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Xa kukho ii-oxidizing agents ezinamandla, ingaguqulwa ibe zii-iron(III) complexes ezifana ne-ferricyanide. Umzekelo, i-reaction ene-oxidant efanelekileyo ingaguqula i-[Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻ ibe yi-[Fe(CN)₆]³⁻. I-Sodium cyanide nayo ingabandakanyeka kwii-oxidation reactions. Xa kukho i-oxygen kunye nee-catalysts ezithile, ingafakwa i-oxidized ibe zizinto ezingenabungozi kangako. Umzekelo, xa kukho i-hydrogen peroxide, i-reaction ingaba: NaCN + H₂O₂ → NaCNO + H₂O (xa i-hydrogen peroxide incinci). I-reaction engaphezulu nge-hydrogen peroxide engaphezulu inokuguqula i-sodium cyanate (NaCNO) ibe yi-sodium bi Carbon ate (NaHCO₃) kunye ne-ammonia (NH₃).

Ulwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo

I-sodium ferrocyanide ngokwayo iyikhompawundi entsonkothileyo. Inokusabela ngakumbi kunye nezinye iiyoni zetsimbi ukwenza izakhiwo ezintsha zolungelelwaniso. Umzekelo, xa usabela nge-iron(III) iityuwa, yenza i-pigment enzulu-eblue eyaziwa ngokuba yiPrussian blue, kunye ne-chemical formula Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃. I-sodium cyanide inokwenza ii-complexes kunye nee-ion ezahlukeneyo zetsimbi. Ekukhutshweni kwegolide kunye nesilivere, umzekelo, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukwenza isinyithi esinyibilikayo - i-cyanide complexes. Igolide (Au) isabela ngesodium cyanide kubukho beoksijini ukwenza i-ion entsonkothileyo [Au(CN)₂]⁻: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4NaOH.

Utyhefu

Isodium Ferrocyanide

Nangona iqulethe i-cyanide ligands, i-sodium ferrocyanide inetyhefu ephantsi. Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi kunye noMbutho woKutya kunye noLimo unqume ukuba ukwamkelwa kwansuku zonke kwe-sodium ferrocyanide yi-0 - 0.025 mg / kg yesisindo somzimba. Isizathu sobutyhefu bayo obuphantsi kukuba i-cyanide ligands kwi-sodium ferrocyanide ibotshelelwe ngokuqinileyo kwi-athomu yentsimbi ephakathi kwi-anion eyinkimbinkimbi. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ayikhuphi lula iiyoni zecyanide, ezizintlobo ezinetyhefu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, xa kukho iiasidi ezinamandla okanye phantsi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, inokubola ukuvelisa igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide, enetyhefu kakhulu.

Isodium cyanide

I-sodium cyanide yenye yezona zinto zinetyhefu eyaziwayo. Iyingozi kakhulu ebantwini nasezilwanyaneni. Xa ifakwe, ifakwe, okanye ifakwe eluswini, i-sodium cyanide inokukhulula i-cyanide ion (CN⁻) emzimbeni. Ezi ion ze-cyanide zinokubophelela kwii-athom zentsimbi kwi-cytochrome c oxidase, i-enzyme ebandakanyeka ekuphefumlweni kweselula. Oku kubopha kuthintela umsebenzi we-enzyme, ukuthintela iiseli ekusebenziseni ioksijini ngokufanelekileyo, okukhokelela kwi-asphyxiation yeselula. Nokuba isixa esincinci, esinje nge-0.1 - 0.3 grams, sinokubulala abantu.

izicelo

Isodium Ferrocyanide

• Ishishini Lokutya : Kumazwe amaninzi, kuquka i-United States kunye nalawo akwi-European Union, i-sodium ferrocyanide isetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokulwa nokubopha ityuwa etafileni. Inceda ukugcina ityuwa ingenamanzi ngokuthintela ukwakheka kwamaqhuqhuva. Umda ophezulu ovumelekileyo we-sodium ferrocyanide etyuwani uyahluka ngokwengingqi kodwa ulawulwa ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.

• Ukusetyenziswa Kwemizi-mveliso : Isetyenziswa njengesiqinisi sokufaka i-coating kwi-welding rods. Kwishishini le-petroleum, ingasetyenziselwa ukususa ii-mercaptans, eziyimichiza equlethe i-sulfur enokubangela ivumba elibi kunye neengxaki zokugqwala.

• Ukwenziwa kweeKhemikhali : I-sodium ferrocyanide ingasetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokuqala ekuhlanganisweni kwezinye iikhompawundi ezintsonkothileyo kunye neepigment, ezifana ne-Prussian blue.

Isodium cyanide

• Ishishini leMigodi : I-sodium cyanide isetyenziswa kakhulu ekutsaleni igolide nesilivere. Kwinkqubo yokukhupha i-cyanidation, ii-ore zegolide nesilivere ziphathwa ngesisombululo esinyibilikisiweyo se-sodium cyanide. Igolide nesilivere ziyanyibilika kwisisombululo se-cyanide njengee-metal-cyanide complexes, ezinokuthi zahlulwe kwaye zicutshungulwe ngakumbi ukuze kufunyanwe iintsimbi ezicocekileyo.

• Ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali : Isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokuqala ekuhlanganisweni kweekhompawundi ezahlukeneyo ze-organic. Umzekelo, ingasetyenziselwa ukungenisa iqela le-cyanide (-CN) kwiimolekyuli ze-organic, ezinokuthi emva koko ziguqulwe zibe ngamanye amaqela asebenzayo afana nee-carboxylic acids, ii-amines, okanye ii-aldehydes ngokusebenzisa ii-reaction ezilandelayo.

• Ukufakelwa nge-Electroplating : Kwiinkqubo zokufakelwa nge-electroplating, i-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziswa njenge-complexing agent. Inceda ukulawula ukufakwa kwee-ion zesinyithi kwi-substrate, iqinisekisa ukufakelwa okugudileyo nokulinganayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobuthi bayo obuphezulu, iinkqubo zokufakelwa nge-electroplating ezingezizo ze-cyanide ziyaphuhliswa ngakumbi.

Ukhuseleko nokusingatha

Isodium Ferrocyanide

Xa uphatha i-sodium ferrocyanide, i-laboratory eqhelekileyo okanye iinkqubo zokhuseleko lwamashishini kufuneka zilandelwe. Abasebenzi bafanele banxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela, ezinjengeeglavu neendondo zokhuseleko. Nangona inetyhefu ephantsi phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo kude ne-acids kunye nemithombo yokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ukukhusela ukubunjwa kwegesi enetyhefu ye-hydrogen cyanide. Kwimeko yokutshatyalaliswa ngengozi kwesikhumba okanye amehlo, indawo echaphazelekayo kufuneka ihlanjululwe ngokucokisekileyo ngamanzi, kwaye unyango kufuneka lufunwe ukuba ukucaphuka kuqhubeka.

Isodium cyanide

Ukuphatha i-sodium cyanide kufuna amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko. Ihlelwa njengento enetyhefu kakhulu, kwaye ukugcinwa kwayo, ukuthuthwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kulawulwa ngokungqongqo. Abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe iimpahla ezikhethekileyo ezikhuselayo, kubandakanywa izixhobo zokuphefumla, iisuti ezikwaziyo ukumelana neekhemikhali, kunye neeglavu. Isodium cyanide kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, nengena umoya kakuhle kude neeasidi, ii-oxidizing agents, kunye nemithombo yobushushu. Kwimeko yokuchitheka okanye ukukhululwa, ukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza kwendawo kuyimfuneko, kwaye amaqela okuphendula ngokukhawuleza kufuneka abizwe. Iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nokusebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide ukwenza i-sodium cyanide ingasebenzi kakuhle kwimeko yokuchitheka, kufuneka ilandelwe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvezwa kwigesi eyityhefu ye-hydrogen cyanide.

Ukuqukumbela, i-sodium ferrocyanide kunye ne-sodium cyanide, ngelixa zombini ziqulethe izinto ezinxulumene ne-cyanide, zinomohluko omkhulu kwizakhiwo zazo zeekhemikhali, iipropathi zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, amanqanaba etyhefu, izicelo kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko. Ukuqonda okufanelekileyo kunye nokuphathwa kwezi zixhobo ziyimfuneko kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo.