Ukuqonda iSodium Cyanide: Ukusetyenziswa, imingcipheko, kunye neziphumo kwiMpilo yabantu

I-Sodium cyanide, ikhompawundi enetyhefu kakhulu enefomyula yekhemikhali i-NaCN, ivela kwi- Hydrocyanic Acid . Le powder yekristale engenambala yaziwa ngokunyibilika kwayo emanzini kunye nevumba layo elikrakra le-almond, nangona kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ayinguye wonke umntu onokuyibona le vumba—malunga nama-50% abantu abanalo ifuthe lemfuza lokuyivumba. Le khompawundi ayizinzanga kangako; iqela le-cyano linokususwa lula zii-asidi ezinamandla, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulahlekelweni yityhefu. Ukongeza, i-Sodium Cyanide inokunyibilika xa ivezwa emoyeni omanzi okanye kwizisombululo zeGlucose , yiyo loo nto i-glucose ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa njenge- Antidote yetyhefu ye-cyanide.

Usetyenziso lwezoShishino lweSodium Cyanide

I-sodium cyanide isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini okumba nokucubungula, ingakumbi ekukhupheni izinyithi ezixabisekileyo ezifana negolide nesilivere. Kule nkqubo, izisombululo ze -sodium cyanide zisebenza njengee-catalysts, zinceda ekufakweni kwezi zinyithi, ezingenako ukufunxwa ngqo yi-oksijini. Le ndlela, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cyanidation, ibisoloko isisiseko sokumbiwa kwegolide kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, ivumela ukubuyiswa ngempumelelo kwezinyithi ezixabisekileyo kwi-ore.

Ngaphandle kwemigodi, iSodium cyanide ikwasetyenziswa kwiElectroplating , apho isetyenziselwa ukufaka umaleko wesinyithi phezu komhlaba. Ukusebenza kwayo kakuhle kwezi zicelo zoshishino kuye kwayenza yaba yikhemikhali exabisekileyo, kodwa ubuthi bayo bubangela iinkxalabo ezinkulu zokhuseleko kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Imingcipheko yeMpilo eNxulunyaniswe neSodium Cyanide

Iingozi zesodium cyanide azinakugqithiswa. Ukuvezwa kule khompawundi kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezibi zempilo, njengoko iyisithinteli esinamandla sokuphefumla kwamaselula. Xa ifakwe eluswini, isodium cyanide inokuphazamisana nobuchule bomzimba bokusebenzisa ioksijini, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni ube neempawu ezinjengentloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, ukubhideka, yaye kwiimeko ezimandundu, ukulahlekelwa zingqondweni okanye ukufa.

Indlela yobutyhefu ibandakanya ukubotshwa kwee-ion zecyanide kwi-cytochrome c oxidase, i-enzayim ebalulekileyo kwikhonkco lothutho lwe-electron ye-mitochondrial. Olu bophelelo luthintela iiseli ekusebenziseni i-oksijini, ngokuzixhamla ngokufanelekileyo kwinqanaba leselula. Ukuqala ngokukhawuleza kweempawu kuthetha ukuba unyango olukhawulezileyo lubalulekile kwiimeko apho kukrokrelwa ukuba kukho ityhefu yecyanide.

Imithombo yokuVeliswa

Ngelixa i-sodium cyanide inxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kweshishini, inokufumaneka kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zabathengi. Umzekelo, iiarhente ezithile zokucoca izacholo kunye neepolishes zinokuqulatha iikhompawundi zecyanide, ezibeka umngcipheko kubasebenzisi ukuba aziphathwanga kakuhle. Ukongezelela, ezinye izinto zobugcisa, ezifana neentlobo ezithile ze-gouache kunye neepeyinti ze-watercolor, zinokuthi ziqulethe i-cyanide, igxininisa imfuneko yokulumkisa phakathi kwamagcisa kunye nabadlali bokuzilibazisa.

Amanyathelo oKhuseleko kunye nama-Antidotes

Ngenxa yetyhefu ephezulu ye-sodium cyanide, amanyathelo okhuseleko angqongqo ayimfuneko kwiindawo apho isetyenziswa khona. Oku kubandakanya uqeqesho olufanelekileyo lwabasebenzi, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokukhusela (i-PPE), kunye nokuphunyezwa kweeprothokholi zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza. Kwimeko yokuvezwa, ukuchithwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokungenelela kwezonyango kubalulekile.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, i-glucose inokusebenza njenge-antidote yetyhefu ye-cyanide, njengoko inceda ukubuyisela ukuphefumla kweselula. Ezinye ii-antidotes ziquka i-hydroxocobalamin, ebophelela kwi-ion ye-cyanide ukuze yenze i-complex engeyona ityhefu enokuthi ikhutshwe ngumzimba, kunye ne-sodium thiosulfate, eququzelela ukuguqulwa kwe-cyanide kwi-thiocyanate, i-compound encinci enetyhefu.

Iingxaki zokusiNgqongileyo

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwimigodi kunye namanye amashishini kuye kwaphakamisa inkxalabo ebalulekileyo yendalo. Ukukhutshwa ngengozi kwe-cyanide kokusingqongileyo kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kwi-ikhosistim yengingqi, ngakumbi ubomi basemanzini. Ukuchitheka kakubi kweBaia Mare cyanide ngo-2000 eRomania, okubangele ukungcoliseka kwemilambo nokufa kwamawakawaka eentlanzi, kusisikhumbuzo esicacileyo seengozi ezinokubakho ezinxulumene nalo mchiza.

Ukunciphisa le mingcipheko, amazwe amaninzi aphumeze imigaqo engqongqo elawula ukusetyenziswa kunye nokulahlwa kwe-sodium cyanide. Iinkampani kufuneka zibe nezicwangciso ezibanzi zolawulo lomngcipheko endaweni, kwaye ukuqhubela phambili kobuchwephesha kuphononongwa ukuze kuphuhliswe iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zokutsalwa kwegolide kunye nezinye izicelo.

isiphelo

I-sodium cyanide yikhemikhali enamandla kwaye eguquguqukayo enezicelo ezibalulekileyo kwimizi-mveliso, ngakumbi kwicandelo lezemigodi. Nangona kunjalo, ubuthi bayo obuphezulu bubeka imingcipheko enkulu yempilo ebantwini nakwimekobume. Ukuqonda iipropati, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nobungozi be-sodium cyanide kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko ekuphatheni nasekusetyenzisweni kwayo. Njengoko amashishini eqhubeka efuna iindlela ezisebenzayo zokutsalwa kwesinyithi kunye nokulungiswa, umngeni uhlala ulungelelanisa ezi mfuno kunye nemfuneko yokukhusela impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nemigudu yokulawula iya kubaluleka ekujonganeni nale mingeni kunye nokukhuthaza izenzo ezikhuselekileyo ekusebenziseni i-sodium cyanide.