Ulawulo loNgcoliseko lweSodium Cyanide kwiNkqubo yokuCoca iGolide

intshayelelo

Ukucocwa kwegolide yinkqubo entsonkothileyo ejolise ekucoceni igolide kwi-ores yayo okanye kwiifom ezingcolileyo. Phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenzisiweyo, ukusetyenziswa kwe Isodium cyanide ekutsalweni kwegolide kunye nenkqubo yokusulungekiswa ixhaphakile ixesha elide. Isodium i-cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwahluleni igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada yayo ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba Ukukhutshwa kwe-cyanide. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwale khemikhali inetyhefu kakhulu kubangela umngcipheko wokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo, ukwenza Ulawulo longcoliseko imfuneko ngokupheleleyo.

Indima yeSodium Cyanide ekuCongeni iGolide

Inkqubo yeCyanide Leaching

I-Cyanide leaching yindlela eqhelekileyo kwimigodi yegolide kunye nokucocwa. I-sodium cyanide (NaCN) isetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa igolide kwi-ore. Xa kukho ioksijini, Isodium cyanide Iphendula ngegolide yenze izinto ezinyibilikayo zecyanide zegolide. Umzekelo, kwimfumba yokuvuza, izinyibiliko zecyanide zitshizwa phezu kweemfumba zentsimbi ekrwada etyunyuziweyo esasazwe kuzo zonke iipads zokuqokelela. Isisombululo se-cyanide sityhutyha ngemfumba ye-ore, ukuchithwa kwegolide, eqokelelwa kwisisombululo. Kwi-tank leaching, eqhutyelwa kwiindawo ezilawulwa ngakumbi njengamatanki amakhulu, inkqubo iyafana, kodwa ivelisa i-tailings njengemveliso yenkunkuma.

Iintshukumo zeMichiza ezibandakanyekayo

Kwi-cyanide leaching yegolide, sodium cyanide, kudityaniswe neoksijini namanzi, idibana negolide kwintsimbi ekrwada. Oku kusebenzisana kweekhemikhali kubangela ukubunjwa kwekhompawundi enyibilikayo enegolide. Le khompawundi yegolide enyibilikayo inokuthi ke iphinde iqhutywe ngokwamanyathelo alandelayo ukufumana igolide esulungekileyo.

Iingozi zoNgcoliseko lweSodium Cyanide

Impembelelo kokusiNgqongileyo

Ungcoliseko lweCyanide lunokuba neziphumo ezibi kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ukuba izisombululo ze-cyanide zivuza kwiinkqubo zokuphatha ezifana neitanki zokubamba, amachibi, okanye ngexesha lokuthutha, zinokuthi zingcolise umhlaba, imizimba yamanzi kunye nomoya. Emanzini, icyanide inokubulala ubomi basemanzini, iphazamise yonke i-ecosystem. Ngokomzekelo, inokuthintela inkqubo yokuphefumla yeentlanzi nezinye izinto eziphila emanzini, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufeni kwazo. Emhlabeni, i-cyanide inokuchaphazela ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nomsebenzi we-microbial yomhlaba, okunokubangela ukuba umhlaba ungafaneleki ukulima.

Iingozi zempilo kuBantu

Isodium cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu ebantwini. Kwaneemali ezincinci zinokubulala. Ukuphefumla, ukungeniswa, okanye ukudibana kwesikhumba necyanide kunokubangela ityhefu ebukhali. I-Cyanide inqanda amandla omzimba wokusebenzisa ioksijini, ekhokelela kwiimpawu ezinjengokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ukusilela kokuphefumla kunye nokufa. Ukuvezwa kwexesha elide kumanqanaba aphantsi e-cyanide kunokuba neziphumo zempilo ezingapheliyo kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo, indlala yegilo kunye namanye amalungu.

Amanyathelo okulawula ungcoliseko

Ulawulo lobuNjineli

Iinkqubo zoMbane

Isiqulatho sokuqala: Iingubo eziphezulu ze-polyurea ezisemgangathweni zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa iindawo zangaphakathi zokubamba iitanki, amachibi okugcina, kunye nezitya zokugcina apho kugcinwa khona izisombululo ze-cyanide. I-polyurea inika ukuchasana kweekhemikhali okugqwesileyo, ukunqanda iziphumo ezinobungozi ze-cyanide kwizinto zokuphatha. Kwakhona inexesha lokunyanga ngokukhawuleza, elivumela ukufakela ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokunciphisa kwimisebenzi yemigodi.

Isiqulatho sesibini: Ukongeza kwii-liners eziphambili, iinkqubo zokugcinwa kwesibini zibalulekile. Iingubo zePolyurea zinokufakwa kumgangatho, iindonga, kunye neminye imiphezulu ejikeleze iindawo eziphambili zokuqulatha. Oku kudala i-backup layer ukubamba nakuphi na ukuvuza okunokwenzeka okanye ukuchitheka. Nangona isithintelo esiphambili sihluleka ngenxa yeemeko ezingalindelekanga ezifana nomonakalo womatshini okanye ukubola, ukugcinwa kwesibini kunokuthintela i-cyanide ekubalekeni kwindawo.

IiNkqubo zokuFumana ukuvuza

Ukufakela iinkqubo zokubona ukuvuza okuphambili kubalulekile. Ezi nkqubo zinokuhlala zibeke iliso kwimfezeko yezakhiwo zokuqulatha. Umzekelo, ezinye iisistim zisebenzisa abenzi boluvo ukubona utshintsho kuxinzelelo, ukuhamba, okanye ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokuqulatha. Ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuvuza, inyathelo elikhawulezileyo linokuthathwa ukuthintela ukungcoliseka ngakumbi.

Inkqubo yokuPhucula

Iindlela ezizezinye zokuLeaching

Abaphandi bahlala behlola ezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa i-cyanide leaching ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide. Enye yezo ndlela yi<em>bioleaching, esebenzisa i<em>microorganisms ukukhupha igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada. Ezinye iibhaktheriya zinokwenza i-oxidize isulfure-ithwele iiminerali kwi-ore, ikhupha igolide. Le ndlela ihambelana nokusingqongileyo njengoko ingabandakanyi ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali eziyityhefu njengecyanide. Enye indlela kukusetyenziswa kwe-thiosulfate leaching, esebenzisa iityuwa ze-thiosulfate endaweni ye-cyanide ukunyibilikisa igolide. Nangona i-thiosulfate leaching inemingeni yayo efana nolawulo lwenkqubo entsonkothileyo kunye namazinga aphantsi okubuyisela igolide kwezinye iimeko, inika isisombululo esinokubakho ukunciphisa ungcoliseko olunxulumene necyanide.

Ukuphucula uBuyiselo ngokuSebenzayo

Ukuphucula inkqubo yokubuyisela igolide kunokunceda ekulawuleni ungcoliseko. Ngokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsalwa kwegolide kwizisombululo zecyanide, kuya kuveliswa inkunkuma encinci yecyanide. Iindlela eziphucukileyo zokuhluza kunye nokwahlula zingasetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba igolide eninzi kangangoko ifunyenwe kwizisombululo zecyanide phambi kokuba inkunkuma ilahlwe. Oku kunciphisa ubungakanani becyanide ekufuneka icocwe kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwenkunkuma.

Ulawulo lweNkunkuma

Ukunyangwa kweCyanide-KuneNkunkuma

I-Cyanide - equlethe inkunkuma, efana neentsila ezivela kwitanki evuzayo, kufuneka iphathwe ngokufanelekileyo ukunciphisa ubuthi bayo. Enye indlela yonyango eqhelekileyo kukusetyenziswa kwe-chemical oxidation. Ngokomzekelo, ukongeza i-hydrogen peroxide (\(H_2O_2\)) okanye i-chlorine - i-oxidants esekelwe kwi-cyanide - equlethe inkunkuma inokuguqula i-cyanide kwiikhompawundi ezinetyhefu encinci. Ngale nkqubo ye-oxidation, indalo eyityhefu kakhulu ye-cyanide iyancitshiswa.

Ukulahlwa ngokuKhuselekileyo kweNkunkuma eNyathiweyo

Emva konyango, inkunkuma kufuneka ilahlwe ngendlela ekhuselekileyo. Iintsalela zezimbiwa zinokugcinwa kwiintsilelo eziyilwe ngokukodwa ezifakwe kwizixhobo zokuthintela ukuvuza. Ezi zithintelo kufuneka zibekwe kwiindawo apho kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokungcolisa imithombo yamanzi okanye ezinye iindawo ezinovakalelo lokusingqongileyo. Ukubekwa esweni okuthe gqolo kokuvalelwa kuyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuvuza okwenzekayo ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ukuthotyelwa koMthetho

Imithetho kunye neMimiselo eLawula ukusetyenziswa kweCyanide

Kukho imithetho engqongqo kunye nemimiselo kumanqanaba asekhaya, esizwe, kunye namazwe ngamazwe alawula ukusetyenziswa, ukugcinwa, ukuthutha, kunye nokulahlwa kwe-sodium cyanide Ukusulungekiswa kwegolide ishishini. Ngokomzekelo, kumazwe amaninzi, iinkampani zemigodi kufuneka zifumane amaphepha-mvume okusebenzisa icyanide, nto leyo ebandakanya ukubonisa ukuba zinemilinganiselo efanelekileyo yokulawula ungcoliseko. Kufuneka kwakhona babambelele kwimida ethile yesixa secyanide esinokukhutshelwa kokusingqongileyo.

Ukubeka iliso kunye noNyanzeliso

Ii-arhente zikarhulumente zinoxanduva lokuhlola ukuthotyelwa kwemisebenzi yokusulungekiswa kwegolide ngale mimiselo. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kweendawo zemigodi, iilebhu, kunye neendawo zokulawula inkunkuma ziyenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iinkampani zilandela iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokuphatha i-sodium cyanide. Kwimeko yokungathotyelwa kwemigaqo, izohlwayo zinokumiselwa, ezinokubandakanya iifayini, ukunqunyanyiswa kwemisebenzi, okanye ukurhoxiswa kwamaphepha-mvume.

isiphelo

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ekusulungekisweni kwegolide likrele elintlangothi-mbini. Ngelixa iyindlela esebenzayo yokutsalwa kwegolide, imingcipheko yongcoliseko eyayanyaniswa nayo ibalulekile. Nangona kunjalo, ngendibaniselwano yolawulo lobunjineli, ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo, ulawulo olululo lwenkunkuma, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho engqongqo, kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa iimpembelelo ezingalunganga zongcoliseko lwesodium cyanide kwinkqubo yokusulungekiswa kwegolide. Uphando oluqhubekayo nophuhliso lolunye ubugcisa kunye neendlela eziphuculweyo zokulawula ukungcoliseka kwendalo zibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lokusulungekiswa kwegolide ngelixa kukhuselwa okusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yabantu.