Ulawulo loNgcoliseko lweSodium Cyanide kwiNkqubo yokuCoca iGolide

intshayelelo

Ukucocwa kwegolide yinkqubo enzima ejolise ekucoceni igolide kwiintsimbi zayo okanye kwiindlela ezingacocekanga. Phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswayo, ukusetyenziswa kweSodium cyanide kwinkqubo yokukhupha nokucoca igolide bekuxhaphakile ixesha elide. ISodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwahlukaniseni igolide kwintsimbi yayo ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yiCyanide leaching . Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwale khemikhali inobungozi kakhulu kubeka umngcipheko omkhulu kwindalo nakwimpilo, okwenza ulawulo longcoliseko lube yimfuneko enkulu.

Indima yeSodium Cyanide ekuCongeni iGolide

Inkqubo yeCyanide Leaching

Ukucocwa kweCyanide yindlela eqhelekileyo yokumba igolide nokucocwa kwayo. I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) isetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa igolide kwi-ore. Xa kukho ioksijini, iSodium Cyanide isabela negolide ukwenza ii-complexes ze-cyanide zegolide ezinyibilikayo. Umzekelo, xa kucocwa i-heap, izisombululo ze-cyanide zitshizwa phezu kweenqwaba ze-ore ezicoliweyo ezisasazeke kwii-collection pads ezinkulu. Isisombululo se-cyanide singena kwi-ore heap, sinyibilikise igolide, ize iqokelelwe kwisisombululo. Xa kucocwa i-tank, eyenziwa kwiindawo ezilawulwa ngakumbi njengeetanki ezinkulu, inkqubo iyafana, kodwa ivelisa intsalela njengemveliso yenkunkuma.

Iintshukumo zeMichiza ezibandakanyekayo

Xa igolide itsalwa yi-cyanide, i-sodium cyanide , xa idibene ne-oksijini namanzi, isabela negolide kwi-ore. Olu nxibelelwano lweekhemikhali luphumela ekudalweni kwekhompawundi enyibilikayo equlethe igolide. Le khompawundi yegolide enyibilikayo inokuqhubekeka isetyenzwa ngamanyathelo alandelayo okufumana igolide ecocekileyo.

Iingozi zoNgcoliseko lweSodium Cyanide

Impembelelo kokusiNgqongileyo

Ungcoliseko lweCyanide lunokuba neziphumo ezibi kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ukuba izisombululo ze-cyanide zivuza kwiinkqubo zokuphatha ezifana neitanki zokubamba, amachibi, okanye ngexesha lokuthutha, zinokuthi zingcolise umhlaba, imizimba yamanzi kunye nomoya. Emanzini, icyanide inokubulala ubomi basemanzini, iphazamise yonke i-ecosystem. Ngokomzekelo, inokuthintela inkqubo yokuphefumla yeentlanzi nezinye izinto eziphila emanzini, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufeni kwazo. Emhlabeni, i-cyanide inokuchaphazela ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nomsebenzi we-microbial yomhlaba, okunokubangela ukuba umhlaba ungafaneleki ukulima.

Iingozi zempilo kuBantu

Isodium cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu ebantwini. Kwaneemali ezincinci zinokubulala. Ukuphefumla, ukungeniswa, okanye ukudibana kwesikhumba necyanide kunokubangela ityhefu ebukhali. I-Cyanide inqanda amandla omzimba wokusebenzisa ioksijini, ekhokelela kwiimpawu ezinjengokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ukusilela kokuphefumla kunye nokufa. Ukuvezwa kwexesha elide kumanqanaba aphantsi e-cyanide kunokuba neziphumo zempilo ezingapheliyo kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo, indlala yegilo kunye namanye amalungu.

Amanyathelo okulawula ungcoliseko

Ulawulo lobuNjineli

Iinkqubo zoMbane

Ukuthintela Okuphambili : Iingubo ze-polyurea ezikumgangatho ophezulu zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukugquma umphezulu wangaphakathi weetanki zokubamba, amachibi okugcina, kunye nezitya zokugcina apho kugcinwa khona izisombululo ze-cyanide. I-Polyurea inika ukumelana okuhle kweekhemikhali, ithintela imiphumo yokubola ye-cyanide kwizinto zokuthintela. Ikwanayo nexesha lokunyanga ngokukhawuleza, ivumela ukufakwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kwimisebenzi yokwemba.

Ukuthintela kweSibini : Ukongeza kwii-liner eziphambili, iinkqubo zokuthintela kwesibini zibalulekile. Iingubo ze-polyurea zingafakwa kumgangatho, eludongeni, nakwezinye iindawo ezijikeleze iindawo zokuthintela eziphambili. Oku kudala umaleko ongasemva wokubamba naluphi na ukuvuza okanye ukuchitheka okunokwenzeka. Nokuba ukuthintela kwesibini kungaphumeleli ngenxa yeemeko ezingalindelekanga ezifana nomonakalo woomatshini okanye ukugqwala, ukuthintela kwesibini kunokuthintela i-cyanide ukuba ingene kwindalo esingqongileyo.

IiNkqubo zokuFumana ukuvuza

Ukufakela iinkqubo zokubona ukuvuza okuphambili kubalulekile. Ezi nkqubo zinokuhlala zibeke iliso kwimfezeko yezakhiwo zokuqulatha. Umzekelo, ezinye iisistim zisebenzisa abenzi boluvo ukubona utshintsho kuxinzelelo, ukuhamba, okanye ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokuqulatha. Ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuvuza, inyathelo elikhawulezileyo linokuthathwa ukuthintela ukungcoliseka ngakumbi.

Inkqubo yokuPhucula

Iindlela ezizezinye zokuLeaching

Abaphandi bahlala behlola ezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa i-cyanide leaching ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide. Enye yezo ndlela yi<em>bioleaching, esebenzisa i<em>microorganisms ukukhupha igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada. Ezinye iibhaktheriya zinokwenza i-oxidize isulfure-ithwele iiminerali kwi-ore, ikhupha igolide. Le ndlela ihambelana nokusingqongileyo njengoko ingabandakanyi ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali eziyityhefu njengecyanide. Enye indlela kukusetyenziswa kwe-thiosulfate leaching, esebenzisa iityuwa ze-thiosulfate endaweni ye-cyanide ukunyibilikisa igolide. Nangona i-thiosulfate leaching inemingeni yayo efana nolawulo lwenkqubo entsonkothileyo kunye namazinga aphantsi okubuyisela igolide kwezinye iimeko, inika isisombululo esinokubakho ukunciphisa ungcoliseko olunxulumene necyanide.

Ukuphucula uBuyiselo ngokuSebenzayo

Ukuphucula inkqubo yokubuyisela igolide kunokunceda ekulawuleni ungcoliseko. Ngokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsalwa kwegolide kwizisombululo zecyanide, kuya kuveliswa inkunkuma encinci yecyanide. Iindlela eziphucukileyo zokuhluza kunye nokwahlula zingasetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba igolide eninzi kangangoko ifunyenwe kwizisombululo zecyanide phambi kokuba inkunkuma ilahlwe. Oku kunciphisa ubungakanani becyanide ekufuneka icocwe kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwenkunkuma.

Ulawulo lweNkunkuma

Ukunyangwa kweCyanide-KuneNkunkuma

I-Cyanide - equlethe inkunkuma, efana neentsila ezivela kwitanki evuzayo, kufuneka iphathwe ngokufanelekileyo ukunciphisa ubuthi bayo. Enye indlela yonyango eqhelekileyo kukusetyenziswa kwe-chemical oxidation. Ngokomzekelo, ukongeza i-hydrogen peroxide (\(H_2O_2\)) okanye i-chlorine - i-oxidants esekelwe kwi-cyanide - equlethe inkunkuma inokuguqula i-cyanide kwiikhompawundi ezinetyhefu encinci. Ngale nkqubo ye-oxidation, indalo eyityhefu kakhulu ye-cyanide iyancitshiswa.

Ukulahlwa ngokuKhuselekileyo kweNkunkuma eNyathiweyo

Emva konyango, inkunkuma kufuneka ilahlwe ngendlela ekhuselekileyo. Iintsalela zezimbiwa zinokugcinwa kwiintsilelo eziyilwe ngokukodwa ezifakwe kwizixhobo zokuthintela ukuvuza. Ezi zithintelo kufuneka zibekwe kwiindawo apho kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokungcolisa imithombo yamanzi okanye ezinye iindawo ezinovakalelo lokusingqongileyo. Ukubekwa esweni okuthe gqolo kokuvalelwa kuyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuvuza okwenzekayo ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ukuthotyelwa koMthetho

Imithetho kunye neMimiselo eLawula ukusetyenziswa kweCyanide

Kukho imithetho nemigaqo engqongqo kumanqanaba engingqi, esizwe, nawamazwe ngamazwe elawula ukusetyenziswa, ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa, kunye nokulahlwa kwe-sodium cyanide kushishino lokucocwa kweGolide . Umzekelo, kumazwe amaninzi, iinkampani zemigodi kufuneka zifumane iimvume zokusebenzisa i-cyanide, ezibandakanya ukubonisa ukuba zinamanyathelo okulawula ungcoliseko olufanelekileyo. Kufuneka zilandele imida ethile kubungakanani be-cyanide enokukhutshwa kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Ukubeka iliso kunye noNyanzeliso

Ii-arhente zikarhulumente zinoxanduva lokuhlola ukuthotyelwa kwemisebenzi yokusulungekiswa kwegolide ngale mimiselo. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kweendawo zemigodi, iilebhu, kunye neendawo zokulawula inkunkuma ziyenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iinkampani zilandela iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokuphatha i-sodium cyanide. Kwimeko yokungathotyelwa kwemigaqo, izohlwayo zinokumiselwa, ezinokubandakanya iifayini, ukunqunyanyiswa kwemisebenzi, okanye ukurhoxiswa kwamaphepha-mvume.

isiphelo

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ekusulungekisweni kwegolide likrele elintlangothi-mbini. Ngelixa iyindlela esebenzayo yokutsalwa kwegolide, imingcipheko yongcoliseko eyayanyaniswa nayo ibalulekile. Nangona kunjalo, ngendibaniselwano yolawulo lobunjineli, ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo, ulawulo olululo lwenkunkuma, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho engqongqo, kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa iimpembelelo ezingalunganga zongcoliseko lwesodium cyanide kwinkqubo yokusulungekiswa kwegolide. Uphando oluqhubekayo nophuhliso lolunye ubugcisa kunye neendlela eziphuculweyo zokulawula ukungcoliseka kwendalo zibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lokusulungekiswa kwegolide ngelixa kukhuselwa okusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yabantu.