Amaqhinga okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-Sodium Cyanide ngelixa kugcinwe amaxabiso okuBuyisa

Kwimizi-mveliso yemigodi neyesinyithi, sodium cyanide kudala yaba sisixhobo esiphambili sokutsalwa kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezifana negolide nesilivere ngenxa yokusebenza ngempumelelo kwayo ekunyibilikeni kwezi ntsimbi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe Isodium cyanide ibeka imingcipheko ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko, kuquka nokubanakho i-cyanide ukuvuza kunye nomonakalo onokuthi ubangele kwi-ikhosistim kunye nempilo yabantu. Njengoko imimiselo yokusingqongileyo iya isiba ngqongqo ngakumbi, kukho imfuneko ekhulayo yokunciphisa Isodium cyanide ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle kokubingelela amaxabiso okubuyisela isinyithi. Esi sithuba sebhlog siphonononga amaqhinga amaninzi kunye nobuchwepheshe obunokunceda ukufezekisa le bhalansi ibuthathaka.

1. Lungiselela IiNkqubo zokuLeaching

The inkqubo leaching kulapho i-sodium cyanide idibana nentsimbi ekrwada ukuze inyibilikise iintsimbi ezijoliswe kuyo. Ngokwandisa iiparamitha kule nkqubo, ukuncitshiswa okubonakalayo kokusetyenziswa kwecyanide kunokufezekiswa.

1.1 I-Fine-Tune pH kunye namanqanaba e-Oxygen

I-sodium cyanide isebenza ngokufanelekileyo kuluhlu lwe-pH ethile, phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-11. Ukongeza, ioksijini ibalulekile kwimpendulo ye-oxidation eyenza ukunyibilika kwesinyithi. Ukungenisa umoya okwaneleyo, ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezifana nokusebenzisa iicompressors zomoya okanye iinkqubo zokutofa kweoksijini, kuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ye-oxidation ihamba kakuhle. Ngokugcina ibhalansi efanelekileyo ye-pH kunye ne-oksijini, i-cyanide encinci iyadingeka ukufezekisa inqanaba elifanayo lokutsalwa kwesinyithi.

1.2 Qasha iindlela zoNyango lwangaphambili

Ukunyangwa kwangaphambili kwentsimbi ekrwada kunokuyenza ilunge ngakumbi kwi-cyanide leaching, ukunciphisa imfuneko yecyanide iyonke. Ngokomzekelo, ukutshisa okanye i-bio-oxidation inokwaphula izinto eziphikisayo kwi-ore, iveze ngakumbi isinyithi esijoliswe kuyo kwisisombululo se-cyanide. I-oxidation yoxinzelelo yenye indlela esebenzayo yonyango yangaphambili, enokunyusa indawo yendawo ye-ore particles kunye nokuphucula uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwe-cyanide kunye neentsimbi, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe amazinga okubuyisela ngelixa usebenzisa i-cyanide encinci.

2. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha ezizezinye kunye nezongezo

Ukuphonononga ezinye ii-reagents kunye nezongezelelo kunokubonelela ngezinto ezinokuthatha indawo okanye izongezo kwi-sodium cyanide, ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwayo.

2.1 Sebenzisa i-Cyanide-Free Leaching Agents

Iiarhente ezininzi zokukhupha ii-cyanide-free leaching ziye zavela njengezinye iindlela ezinokubakho. Ngokomzekelo, i-Thiosulfate ibonise isithembiso ekutsalweni kwegolide. Inobuthi obuncinci kune-sodium cyanide kwaye inokufikelela kumazinga afanayo okubuyisela phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. I-Thiosulfate leaching isebenza ngokukodwa kwii-ores eziqulethe amanqanaba aphezulu obhedu okanye ezinye izinto eziphazamisayo, ezinokudla i-cyanide kwiinkqubo zendabuko. Enye inketho yi-thiourea, ekwabonelela ngenye indlela ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kwi-extraction yesinyithi, ngakumbi xa idibene ne-oxidants efanelekileyo.

2.2 Dibanisa izongezo

Izongezo zinokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-sodium cyanide, evumela ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa. Ikalika, umzekelo, isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukulungisa i-pH yesisombululo se-leaching kunye nokuthintela ukubunjwa kwegesi eyingozi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Ukongeza, iipolymers ezithile kunye nee-surfactants zinokuphucula ukusasazwa kwe-cyanide kwi-ore slurry, ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle koqhagamshelwano phakathi kwe-cyanide kunye neentsimbi. Ezi zongezo zinokunceda ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20 - 30% ngelixa kugcinwe amazinga okubuyisela.

3. Ukuphucula iZixhobo kunye neeNkqubo zokuBeka iliso

Ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo kunye nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zokubeka iliso eziphambili nako kunokufaka isandla ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide.

3.1 UPhuculo lwe-Leaching Reactors

Iireactors zale mihla, ezifana ne-tank enyakazayo yereactors eneendlela zokuxuba eziphuculweyo, zinokuqinisekisa ukusasazwa ngokufanayo kwe-cyanide kudaka lwe-ore. Oku kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuchithwa kwesinyithi, okwenza ukuba kusetyenziswe i-cyanide encinci. I-continuous-stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs) ezinoyilo oluphuculweyo lwe-impeller inokuphucula amazinga okudluliselwa kobunzima, ukunciphisa ixesha kunye nomthamo we-cyanide ofunekayo ukukhutshwa kwesinyithi okupheleleyo.

3.2 Ukuphumeza ukubekwa esweni kwexesha lokwenyani

Izinzwa eziphezulu kunye neenkqubo zokubeka iliso ziyakwazi ukulinganisa ngokuqhubekayo iiparameters ezifana nokugxininiswa kwe-cyanide, i-pH, kunye namazinga okuchithwa kwesinyithi kwinkqubo yokucoca. Ngokuba nedatha yexesha langempela, abaqhubi banokwenza uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo kwidosi ye-cyanide, baqinisekise ukuba kusetyenziswa kuphela inani elifunekayo. Iinkqubo zokulawula ezizenzekelayo zinokudibaniswa nala ma-sensor ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo ukongezwa kwe-cyanide, ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokwandisa amazinga okubuyisela.

4. Lungiselela ukuphatha iOre kunye noLungiselelo

eyiyo ukuphathwa kwentsimbi kunye nokulungiselela kunokuba nempembelelo enkulu ekusebenziseni i-cyanide kunye namazinga okubuyisela.

4.1 UkuPhuculwa kokuSila kweOre

Ukulawula ubungakanani bamasuntswana entsimbi ekrwada ngokucolwa kakuhle kubalulekile. Ubungakanani bamasuntswana acocekileyo bonyusa indawo engaphezulu ekhoyo ukuze i-cyanide isabele kwiintsimbi, kodwa ukucola okugqithisileyo kunokukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni okwandisiweyo kwe-reagent. Ngokufumana ukusabalalisa ubungakanani besuntswana ngokufanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa imifuniselo kunye nenkqubo yokulinganisa, inani le-cyanide elifunekayo ekutsalweni kwesinyithi esisebenzayo lingancitshiswa ngelixa ligcina izinga eliphezulu lokubuyisela.

4.2 IiTekhnoloji zokuhlela iOre

Ukusebenzisa ubugcisa bokukhetha intsimbi ekrwada, efana ne-X-reyi fluorescence (XRF) okanye ukuhlela i-optical, inokohlula i-ore yodidi oluphezulu ukusuka kwi-low-grade ore phambi kwenkqubo yokucoca. Oku kuvumela ukutsalwa okujoliswe kuko kweendawo ezibaluleke ngakumbi zentsimbi ekrwada, kuncitshiswe umthamo opheleleyo wezinto ezifuna ukunyangwa ngecyanide kwaye ngaloo ndlela kucuthwe ukusetyenziswa kwecyanide.

Ukuqukumbela, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ngelixa ukugcinwa kwamazinga okubuyisela ngumngeni onzima ofuna ukudityaniswa kwenkqubo yokuphucula, ukutsha kwezobuchwepheshe, kunye nokulawulwa kokusebenza ngokucophelela. Ngokuphumeza izicwangciso ezichazwe ngasentla, imigodi kunye nemizi-mveliso yokukhutshwa kwesinyithi ayinako ukunciphisa kuphela indawo engqongileyo kodwa kunye neendleko zokusebenza ezinokuthi ziphantsi kwixesha elide. Njengoko uphando luqhubeka luqhubela phambili, iindlela ezintsha kunye nezisebenzayo zinokuthi zivele, ziphucule ngakumbi ukuzinza kweenkqubo zokutsalwa kwesinyithi.