IiParameters eziphambili kwiNkqubo yeCyanide Leaching: Indlela Echaphazela ngayo ukuBuyiswa kweGolide

Kwishishini lemigodi, inkqubo yokukhupha i-cyanide isasele iyeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu ekukhupheni igolide kwi-ores. Le nkqubo isekelwe kubuchule bee-ion ze-cyanide bokwenza ii-complexes ezinyibilikayo ngegolide, nto leyo evumela ukuba yahlulwe kwi-matrix ye-ore. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwale nkqubo, ingakumbi ukubuyiswa kwegolide, kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiiparameters ezininzi eziphambili. Ukuqonda ezi parameters kunye nempembelelo yazo ekubuyiselweni kwegolide kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono inkqubo yokukhupha i-cyanide kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iyasebenza ngokwezoqoqosho.

Ugxininiso lweCyanide

Uxinzelelo lwe-cyanide kwisisombululo sokukhuhla luyiparameter esisiseko echaphazela kakhulu ukubuyiswa kwegolide. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-cyanide ludla ngokukhokelela kwisantya sokunyibilika kwegolide ngokukhawuleza. Oku kungenxa yokuba uxinano oluphezulu lwe-cyanide lubonelela ngee-ions ze-cyanide ezingaphezulu ezikhoyo ukuze zisabelane negolide, nto leyo eqhuba impendulo yeekhemikhali phambili. Umzekelo, kwinkqubo eqhelekileyo yokukhuhla i-cyanide, ukwandisa uxinano lwe-cyanide ukusuka kwi-0.05% ukuya kwi-0.1% kunokubangela ukwanda okubonakalayo kwisantya sokunyibilika kwegolide. Nangona kunjalo, kukho uxinano olufanelekileyo lwe-cyanide ngaphaya koko ukunyuka okungakumbi akukunyusi ukubuyiswa kwegolide ngokulinganayo. Uxinano olugqithisileyo lwe-cyanide lunokukhokelela kwimiba eliqela. Okokuqala, kunokubangela ukwakheka kweempendulo ezingafunekiyo. Umzekelo, ezinye izinyithi ezikhoyo kwi-ore, ezifana nobhedu, i-zinc, kunye nesinyithi, nazo zinokusabela ne-cyanide, zitye i-cyanide kwaye zinciphise ukufumaneka kwayo ekukhutshweni kwegolide. Okwesibini, uxinano oluphezulu lwe-cyanide lunyusa iindleko zenkqubo ngenxa yesidingo se-reagent engaphezulu ye-cyanide. Ukongeza, ibeka umngcipheko kwindalo njengoko i-cyanide iyinto enobuthi kakhulu, kwaye uxinano oluphezulu lufuna amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko kunye nolawulo lwendalo.

Ixabiso le-PH

I-pH yesisombululo se-leaching idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo ye-cyanide leaching. Eyona pH yegolide cyanidation ngokuqhelekileyo iqala ukusuka kwi-9.5 ukuya kwi-11. Kolu luhlu lwe-alkaline pH, icyanide ikhona ikakhulu kuhlobo lweeionni zecyanide zasimahla (CN-), ezizezona ntlobo zisebenzayo ekunyibilikeni kwegolide. Ukugcina ipH efanelekileyo kubalulekile kuba kwiimeko ezineasidi, igesi yehydrogen cyanide (HCN) inokwakheka. I-HCN iyaguquguquka kwaye inetyhefu kakhulu, ayivezi nje kuphela ingozi ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko kubasebenzi kodwa inciphisa ubungakanani becyanide ekhoyo yokutsalwa kwegolide. Kwelinye icala, ukuba i-pH iphezulu kakhulu, ukunyibilika kwezinye iihydroxide zesinyithi kunokonyuka, okunokukhokelela ekwenziweni kwemvula enokuthi igqume amasuntswana egolide, ithintele unxibelelwano phakathi kwecyanide negolide kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe isantya sokubuyisa igolide. Ngokomzekelo, kwii-ores eziqulethe ixabiso elibalulekileyo le-iron, kwixabiso eliphezulu le-pH, i-iron hydroxide precipitates inokwenza kwaye ifake iincinci zegolide, ibenze bangafikeleleki kwi-cyanide.

Ixesha lokuphumla

Ubude bexesha le-leaching yenye iparameter ebalulekileyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukubuyiswa kwegolide. Ngokubanzi, njengoko ixesha lokuvuza lisanda, igolide eninzi iyanyibilika kwaye ibuyiselwe. Ekuqaleni, isantya sokunyibilika kwegolide sikhawuleza kakhulu njengoko icyanide entsha isabela kwindawo eveziweyo yegolide. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, izinga lokutsalwa kwegolide liyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe. Oku kungenxa yokuba njengoko kuqhubeka ukusabela, amasuntswana egolide aye abe mancinci, kwaye indawo ekhoyo yokusabela iyehla. Kwakhona, i-concentration ye-cyanide kwisisombululo iyancipha njengoko isetyenziswe ekuphenduleni, kwaye ukuqokelela kweemveliso zokusabela kunokucothisa isantya sokuphendula. Umzekelo, kwisekethe ye-cyanide leaching eyilwe kakuhle, kungathatha iiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48 ukufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokubuyiswa kwegolide. Kodwa ukuba ixesha le-leaching lifutshane kakhulu, ixabiso elibalulekileyo legolide linokuhlala lingacatshulwa. Kwelinye icala, ukwandiswa kwexesha lokuvuza ngaphaya kwelona nqanaba lifanelekileyo kusenokungaphumeleli ekonyukeni okukhulu kokubuyiswa kwegolide kodwa kuya kwandisa iindleko zokusebenza, ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphazamisana nokumpompa, kwaye kunokukhokelela ekuthotyweni kwesisombululo secyanide ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni ixesha elide emoyeni nakwezinye izinto ezisingqongileyo.

iqondo lobushushu

Ubushushu benkqubo ye-leaching bukwachaphazela izinga lokubuyisela igolide. Ukonyusa iqondo lobushushu ngokuqhelekileyo kukhawulezisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali phakathi kwecyanide negolide, okukhokelela kwizinga eliphezulu lokunyibilika kwegolide. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anyusa amandla e-kinetic eemolekyuli ezisabelayo, ezivumela ukuba zingqubane rhoqo kwaye ngamandla amakhulu, ngaloo ndlela zikhuthaza ukusabela. Nangona kunjalo, ifuthe lobushushu likwaxhomekeke kwimida. Ngokwesiqhelo, iqondo lobushushu lihlala ligcinwa ngaphakathi kuluhlu oluphakathi, ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-20 - 30 ° C. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukunyusa ubushushu kufuna kakhulu igalelo lamandla elongezelelweyo, elonyusa iindleko zokusebenza. Ngaphezu koko, kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukuguquguquka kwe-cyanide kuyenyuka, okukhokelela kwilahleko enkulu ye-cyanide ngenxa yokuba ngumphunga. Ukongeza, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokonyusa ukusebenza kwakhona kwamanye amacandelo kwi-ore, okukhokelela ekuphenduleni okuninzi okusebenzisa i-cyanide kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsalwa kwegolide. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye ii-ores eziqulethe iiminerali ze-sulfide, ubushushu obuphezulu bunokubangela i-oxidation ye-sulfides, engadli nje i-oksijini kunye ne-cyanide kodwa inokuvelisa i-asidi ye-sulfuric, enokunciphisa i-pH yesisombululo se-leaching kunye nokuphazamisa inkqubo ye-cyanidation.

Ukufumaneka kweoksijini

Ioksijini yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwi-cyanide leaching yegolide. Ukusabela phakathi kwegolide, icyanide, kunye neoksijini kunokumelwa yile equation yemichiza ilandelayo: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH. Ubonelelo lweoksijini olwaneleyo lubalulekile ekuqhubeleni phambili le ntshukumo. Kwinkqubo ye-leaching, i-oksijini inokwaziswa nge-aeration, mhlawumbi ngokubhabha komoya okanye i-oxygen ecocekileyo kwisisombululo se-leaching. Izinga lokudluliselwa kwe-oksijini kwindawo yokusabela lichaphazela izinga lokuchithwa kwegolide. Ukuba unikezelo lwe-oksijini alunelanga, ukusabela kuya kulinganiselwa, kwaye izinga lokubuyisela igolide liya kuncipha. Nangona kunjalo, ukubonelelwa ngokugqithisileyo kweoksijini nako kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye iimeko, i-oksijini eninzi inokubangela ukuba i-oxidation ye-cyanide ibe yi-cyanate (CNO⁻) okanye enye ephezulu - i-oxidation - i-compounds ye-state, ukunciphisa inani le-cyanide ekhoyo yokukhutshwa kwegolide. Ukongeza, kwii-ore eziqulethe iintlobo ezithile zeeminerali zesulfide, ioksijini egqithisileyo inokubangela i-oxidation ye-sulfide engaphezulu, enokuthi ivelise i-asidi ye-sulfuric kunye nezinye iimveliso ezinokuphazamisa inkqubo ye-cyanidation.

Ukuqukumbela, inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwe-cyanide yokukhutshwa kwegolide yinkqubo entsonkothileyo ephenjelelwa ziiparamitha eziphambili ezininzi. Ugxininiso lweCyanide, ixabiso le-pH, ixesha lokuvuza, ubushushu, kunye nokufumaneka kweoksijini zonke ziyasebenzisana ukumisela ukusebenza kakuhle kokubuyiswa kwegolide. Abasebenzi bemigodi kufuneka baphucule ngononophelo ezi parameters ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zentsimbi ekrwada elungiswayo. Ngokulawula ngokuchanekileyo le miba, kuyenzeka ukwandisa ukufunyanwa kwegolide ngeli lixa kuncitshiswa iindleko neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo, kuqinisekiswa uzinzo lwexesha elide lwemisebenzi yokwembiwa kwegolide.p