IiParameters eziphambili kwiNkqubo yeCyanide Leaching: Indlela Echaphazela ngayo ukuBuyiswa kweGolide

Kwishishini lezemigodi, i i-cyanideinkqubo leaching iseyeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu yokukhupha igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada. Le nkqubo isekelwe kwisakhono se-cyanide ion ukwenza ii-soluble complexes ngegolide, ezivumela ukuba zihlulwe kwi-ore matrix. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwale nkqubo, ngakumbi ukubuyiswa kwegolide, kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiiparamitha ezininzi eziphambili. Ukuqonda ezi parameters kunye nempembelelo yazo ukubuyiswa kwegolide ibalulekile ekwandiseni inkqubo yokuchithwa kwecyanide kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuphila koqoqosho.

Ugxininiso lweCyanide

Ukuxinwa kwe-cyanide kwisisombululo se-leaching yiparameter esisiseko echaphazela kakhulu ukubuyiswa kwegolide. A phezulu ugxininiso lwecyanide ngokubanzi kukhokelela kwisantya sokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza kwegolide. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukonyuswa koxinzelelo lwecyanide kubonelela ngakumbi ion cyanide ekhoyo ukuba isabele ngegolide, iqhubela phambili ukusabela kweekhemikhali. Ngokomzekelo, kwinkqubo eqhelekileyo yokukhupha i-cyanide, ukunyuka kwe-cyanide concentration ukusuka kwi-0.05% ukuya kwi-0.1% kunokubangela ukunyuka okuphawulekayo kwizinga lokuchithwa kwegolide. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ugxininiso olufanelekileyo lwecyanide ngaphaya koko ukunyuka okungaphezulu akuphuculi ngokulinganayo ukubuyiswa kwegolide. Ukugxininiswa okugqithisileyo kwe-cyanide kunokukhokelela kwimibandela emininzi. Okokuqala, kunokubangela ukwakheka kweempendulo zecala ezingafunwayo. Umzekelo, ezinye iintsimbi ezikhoyo kwintsimbi ekrwada, ezifana nobhedu, i-zinc, kunye nentsimbi, nazo zinokusabela ngecyanide, zisebenzise icyanide kwaye zinciphise ukufumaneka kwayo ekutsalweni kwegolide. Okwesibini, ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-cyanide kwandisa iindleko zenkqubo ngenxa yesidingo se-reagent ye-cyanide engaphezulu. Ukongeza, ibeka imingcipheko yokusingqongileyo njengoko i-cyanide iyityhefu kakhulu, kwaye ugxininiso oluphezulu lufuna ukhuseleko olungqongqo kunye namanyathelo olawulo lokusingqongileyo.

Ixabiso le-PH

I-pH yesisombululo se-leaching idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo ye-cyanide leaching. Eyona pH yegolide cyanidation ngokuqhelekileyo iqala ukusuka kwi-9.5 ukuya kwi-11. Kolu luhlu lwe-alkaline pH, icyanide ikhona ikakhulu kuhlobo lweeionni zecyanide zasimahla (CN-), ezizezona ntlobo zisebenzayo ekunyibilikeni kwegolide. Ukugcina ipH efanelekileyo kubalulekile kuba kwiimeko ezineasidi, igesi yehydrogen cyanide (HCN) inokwakheka. I-HCN iyaguquguquka kwaye inetyhefu kakhulu, ayivezi nje kuphela ingozi ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko kubasebenzi kodwa inciphisa ubungakanani becyanide ekhoyo yokutsalwa kwegolide. Kwelinye icala, ukuba i-pH iphezulu kakhulu, ukunyibilika kwezinye iihydroxide zesinyithi kunokonyuka, okunokukhokelela ekwenziweni kwemvula enokuthi igqume amasuntswana egolide, ithintele unxibelelwano phakathi kwecyanide negolide kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe isantya sokubuyisa igolide. Ngokomzekelo, kwii-ores eziqulethe ixabiso elibalulekileyo le-iron, kwixabiso eliphezulu le-pH, i-iron hydroxide precipitates inokwenza kwaye ifake iincinci zegolide, ibenze bangafikeleleki kwi-cyanide.

Ixesha lokuphumla

Ubude bexesha le-leaching yenye iparameter ebalulekileyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukubuyiswa kwegolide. Ngokubanzi, njengoko ixesha lokuvuza lisanda, igolide eninzi iyanyibilika kwaye ibuyiselwe. Ekuqaleni, isantya sokunyibilika kwegolide sikhawuleza kakhulu njengoko icyanide entsha isabela kwindawo eveziweyo yegolide. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, izinga lokutsalwa kwegolide liyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe. Oku kungenxa yokuba njengoko kuqhubeka ukusabela, amasuntswana egolide aye abe mancinci, kwaye indawo ekhoyo yokusabela iyehla. Kwakhona, i-concentration ye-cyanide kwisisombululo iyancipha njengoko isetyenziswe ekuphenduleni, kwaye ukuqokelela kweemveliso zokusabela kunokucothisa isantya sokuphendula. Umzekelo, kwisekethe ye-cyanide leaching eyilwe kakuhle, kungathatha iiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48 ukufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokubuyiswa kwegolide. Kodwa ukuba ixesha le-leaching lifutshane kakhulu, ixabiso elibalulekileyo legolide linokuhlala lingacatshulwa. Kwelinye icala, ukwandiswa kwexesha lokuvuza ngaphaya kwelona nqanaba lifanelekileyo kusenokungaphumeleli ekonyukeni okukhulu kokubuyiswa kwegolide kodwa kuya kwandisa iindleko zokusebenza, ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphazamisana nokumpompa, kwaye kunokukhokelela ekuthotyweni kwesisombululo secyanide ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni ixesha elide emoyeni nakwezinye izinto ezisingqongileyo.

iqondo lobushushu

Ubushushu benkqubo ye-leaching bukwachaphazela izinga lokubuyisela igolide. Ukonyusa iqondo lobushushu ngokuqhelekileyo kukhawulezisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali phakathi kwecyanide negolide, okukhokelela kwizinga eliphezulu lokunyibilika kwegolide. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anyusa amandla e-kinetic eemolekyuli ezisabelayo, ezivumela ukuba zingqubane rhoqo kwaye ngamandla amakhulu, ngaloo ndlela zikhuthaza ukusabela. Nangona kunjalo, ifuthe lobushushu likwaxhomekeke kwimida. Ngokwesiqhelo, iqondo lobushushu lihlala ligcinwa ngaphakathi kuluhlu oluphakathi, ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-20 - 30 ° C. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukunyusa ubushushu kufuna kakhulu igalelo lamandla elongezelelweyo, elonyusa iindleko zokusebenza. Ngaphezu koko, kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukuguquguquka kwe-cyanide kuyenyuka, okukhokelela kwilahleko enkulu ye-cyanide ngenxa yokuba ngumphunga. Ukongeza, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokonyusa ukusebenza kwakhona kwamanye amacandelo kwi-ore, okukhokelela ekuphenduleni okuninzi okusebenzisa i-cyanide kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsalwa kwegolide. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye ii-ores eziqulethe iiminerali ze-sulfide, ubushushu obuphezulu bunokubangela i-oxidation ye-sulfides, engadli nje i-oksijini kunye ne-cyanide kodwa inokuvelisa i-asidi ye-sulfuric, enokunciphisa i-pH yesisombululo se-leaching kunye nokuphazamisa inkqubo ye-cyanidation.

Ukufumaneka kweoksijini

Ioksijini yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwi-cyanide leaching yegolide. Ukusabela phakathi kwegolide, icyanide, kunye neoksijini kunokumelwa yile equation yemichiza ilandelayo: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH. Ubonelelo lweoksijini olwaneleyo lubalulekile ekuqhubeleni phambili le ntshukumo. Kwinkqubo ye-leaching, i-oksijini inokwaziswa nge-aeration, mhlawumbi ngokubhabha komoya okanye i-oxygen ecocekileyo kwisisombululo se-leaching. Izinga lokudluliselwa kwe-oksijini kwindawo yokusabela lichaphazela izinga lokuchithwa kwegolide. Ukuba unikezelo lwe-oksijini alunelanga, ukusabela kuya kulinganiselwa, kwaye izinga lokubuyisela igolide liya kuncipha. Nangona kunjalo, ukubonelelwa ngokugqithisileyo kweoksijini nako kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye iimeko, i-oksijini eninzi inokubangela ukuba i-oxidation ye-cyanide ibe yi-cyanate (CNO⁻) okanye enye ephezulu - i-oxidation - i-compounds ye-state, ukunciphisa inani le-cyanide ekhoyo yokukhutshwa kwegolide. Ukongeza, kwii-ore eziqulethe iintlobo ezithile zeeminerali zesulfide, ioksijini egqithisileyo inokubangela i-oxidation ye-sulfide engaphezulu, enokuthi ivelise i-asidi ye-sulfuric kunye nezinye iimveliso ezinokuphazamisa inkqubo ye-cyanidation.

Ukuqukumbela, inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwe-cyanide yokukhutshwa kwegolide yinkqubo entsonkothileyo ephenjelelwa ziiparamitha eziphambili ezininzi. Ugxininiso lweCyanide, ixabiso le-pH, ixesha lokuvuza, ubushushu, kunye nokufumaneka kweoksijini zonke ziyasebenzisana ukumisela ukusebenza kakuhle kokubuyiswa kwegolide. Abasebenzi bemigodi kufuneka baphucule ngononophelo ezi parameters ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zentsimbi ekrwada elungiswayo. Ngokulawula ngokuchanekileyo le miba, kuyenzeka ukwandisa ukufunyanwa kwegolide ngeli lixa kuncitshiswa iindleko neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo, kuqinisekiswa uzinzo lwexesha elide lwemisebenzi yokwembiwa kwegolide.p