Izinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kweGold Ore Leaching ngeSodium Cyanide

Kwishishini lemigodi yegolide, inkqubo yeCyanidation esebenzisa iSodium cyanide isetyenziswa kakhulu ukukhupha igolide kwi-ores. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwale nkqubo kunokuchatshazelwa zizinto ezininzi. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono inkqubo yokukhupha igolide, ukuphucula amazinga okubuyisela, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza. Eli nqaku lijonga izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kweGold ore leaching ngeSodium Cyanide.

Iimpawu zeOre

Ukubunjwa kweziMbiwa

Ukwakhiwa kweeminerali kwi-ores yegolide kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation. Ezinye iiminerali zinokuba nefuthe elibi ekushicileleni igolide. Ngokomzekelo, ubhedu, i-arsenic, i-antimony, kunye ne-bismuth ekhoyo kwi-ore inokunyusa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide okanye ikhuphe i-oksijini kwi-slurry, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa izinga legolide. Xa kukho iiminerali zobhedu, ubhedu lunokusabela kunye ne-cyanide ukwenza ii-complexes ze-copper-cyanide, ezidla isixa esikhulu se-cyanide. Kwimeko yeeminerali ezithwala i-arsenic, zinokukhupha kwisisombululo se-cyanide, zidle i-oksijini kwaye zenze iikhompawundi ze-arsenic ezinokuthi zigqume umphezulu wamasuntswana egolide, zithintele ukudibana phakathi kwegolide kunye ne-cyanide. Ukongeza, ukuba i-ore iqulethe umxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni, ikhabhoni inokubhengeza igolide enyityilisiweyo, ekhokelela ekulahlekeni kwegolide kwimisila. Ukunciphisa le miba, iindlela zonyango lwangaphambili ezifana nokuqhotsa okanye ukuphaphazela kungasetyenziselwa ukususa okanye ukunciphisa impembelelo yobu kungcola kuyingozi.

Ubungakanani beNcam yegolide

Ubungakanani bamasuntswana egolide buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ixesha le-leaching kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Amasuntswana egolide arhabaxa (amakhudlwana kune-74μm) anesantya esicothayo sokunyibilika ngenxa yendawo encinci yomphezulu ekhoyo yokusabela ngecyanide. Kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba amasuntswana egolide akhululwe ngokwaneleyo kwiiminerali ze-ganggue. Ukucola intsimbi ekrwada ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuze kuphunyezwe oku. Ngokunciphisa ubungakanani bamasuntswana, imiphezulu yegolide engaphezulu iyavezwa, iququzelela ukusabela ngecyanide. Nangona kunjalo, ukugaya ngokugqithiseleyo kufuneka kugwenywe njengoko kunokukhokelela ekunyuseni iindleko, ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye nokugqoka izixhobo zokugaya. Ngaphezu koko, ukugaya ngokugqithiseleyo kunokubangela ukukhutshwa kweeminerali ze-ganggue ezintle ezinokuphazamisa inkqubo yokukhupha okanye ukwandisa ubunzima bokuhlukana kolwelo oluqinileyo. Kwizinto ezikrwada ezinegolide ecolekileyo, ukuphumeza ukucoleka okufanelekileyo kokusila, ngokuqhelekileyo ngepesenti ephezulu yamasuntswana angaphantsi kobukhulu obuthile (umzekelo, -38μm), kunokuphucula ngokubonakalayo isiphumo sokuvuza.

Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi ekrwada kunye nokuThungwa

Ubume bangaphakathi kunye nokuthungwa kwentsimbi ekrwada kunokuchaphazela inkqubo ye-cyanidation. Iintsimbi ezinezakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo, ezifana nezo zifakwe kakuhle okanye igolide egqunyiweyo, zinokufuna ukugawula okunzulu okanye amanyathelo awongezelelweyo onyango lwangaphambili ukuze aveze igolide ukuze ihlanjululwe. I-ores ene-porous inokuvumela isisombululo se-cyanide ukuba singene ngokulula, siphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-ores eshinyeneyo okanye i-compact ores inokunciphisa ukusasazwa kwe-cyanide kunye ne-oksijini, okukhokelela kumazinga aphantsi okukhupha. Ukuqonda ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi ekrwada ngokusebenzisa ubuchule obufana ne-microscopy kunokunceda ekuyileni amacebo asebenzayo okufundisa.

Iimeko zokuLeaching

Ugxininiso lweCyanide

Uxinzelelo lwe -sodium cyanide kwisisombululo sokukhuhla luyinto ebalulekileyo. Izinga lokunyibilika kwegolide liqala linyuke ngokuthe ngqo ngokunyuka koxinzelelo lweCyanide ide ifikelele kwixabiso eliphezulu. Ngaphaya koxinzelelo oluthile, ukunyuka okungakumbi kwe-cyanide kusenokungaphuculi kakhulu izinga lokunyibilika kwegolide kwaye kunokukhokelela ekwehleni. Ngokwesiqhelo, kwi-cyanidation yegolide, umxholo we-cyanide kwisisombululo ugcinwa kuluhlu lwe-0.03% - 0.08%. Xa uxinzelelo lwe-cyanide luphantsi kakhulu, isiphumo sokukhuhla kwegolide asilunganga, kwaye isantya sokukhuhla sicotha, nto leyo ebangela amaxesha okukhuhla amade kunye neendleko ezonyukileyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, inani eligqithisileyo le-cyanide alibangeli nje kuphela inkunkuma kodwa likwanyusa umngcipheko wokusingqongileyo ohambelana nokuphathwa kunye nokulahla i-cyanide. Ke ngoko, ukumisela uxinzelelo lwe-cyanide olufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezithile ze-ore kubalulekile ekukhutsheni igolide ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukunyanzelwa kweoksijini

Ioksijeni iyimfuneko kwi-oxidation yegolide kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation. Izinga lokuchithwa kwegolide liyenyuka ngokunyuka kwe-oxygen concentration. Kwizityalo ezininzi zecyanidation, umoya usetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengomthombo weoksijini. Ngokutyebisa i-oksijini kwisisombululo okanye usebenzisa i-high-pressure aeration cyanidation, ukuchithwa kwegolide kunokuphucula. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko iqondo lokushisa liphakama, ukunyibilika kweoksijini kwisisombululo kuncipha kakhulu. Kwi-100 ° C, ukunyibilika kwe-oxygen kwehla ukuya kwi-zero, okumisa inkqubo yokukhupha. Ke ngoko, ukugcina ugxininiso lweoksijini efanelekileyo kwi-leaching slurry, kuthathelwa ingqalelo izinto ezinje ngeqondo lobushushu kunye nokuphazamiseka, kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukukhutshwa kwegolide okusebenzayo.

Ixabiso le-pH

Ukugcina ixabiso le-pH elichanekileyo kwi-pulp leaching kubalulekile kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation. Kwimveliso yoshishino, ixabiso le-pH le-pulp lihlala ligcinwa phakathi kwe-10.0 - 11.0. Ikalika isoloko yongezwa kwisisombululo secyanide ukuze isebenze njengealkali ekhuselayo. Inceda ukunciphisa i-hydrolysis ye-cyanide, ukunciphisa ilahleko ye-cyanide njengegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Ukongeza, i-lime inokunciphisa izinto ezine-asidi kwi-ore kwaye ikhuphe i-ion ezinobungozi kwi-slurry, idala iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuchithwa kwegolide. Ukuba i-alkalinity iphezulu kakhulu (pH> 12) okanye iphantsi kakhulu (pH <9), izinga le-leaching yegolide liya kuncipha. I-alkalinity ephezulu inokuthintela ukusabela phakathi kwegolide kunye ne-cyanide, ngelixa i-alkalinity ephantsi inokukhawulezisa i-hydrolysis ye-cyanide kwaye yandise ukusetyenziswa kwayo.

iqondo lobushushu

Ubushushu benkqubo yokukhuhla bunefuthe elinzima kwi-cyanidation yegolide. Njengoko ubushushu bunyuka, umsebenzi wee-ion uyanda, nto leyo ekhawulezisa izinga lokukhuhla kwegolide ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu akhokelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kokunyibilika kweoksijini kwisisombululo. Kwangaxeshanye, i-hydrolysis ye-cyanide ngokwayo iyanda, kwaye impendulo ye-base metal cyanides ikhawuleza, nto leyo ebangela ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide. Ngaphezu koko, ukunyibilika kwe-calcium hydroxide (evela kwilayimu eyongeziweyo) kuncipha kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba ixabiso le-pH yepulp lehle. Ke ngoko, kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze-cyanidation yegolide, nangona ukunyuka okuphakathi kumaqondo obushushu kunokuphucula izinga lokukhuhla ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, ubushushu obugqithisileyo abunamsebenzi. Ngokubanzi, i-cyanidation idla ngokwenziwa kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi okanye aphezulu kancinci, kwaye ubushushu obufanelekileyo kufuneka bumiselwe ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezithile ze-ore kunye neemeko zenkqubo.

Ixesha lokuphumla

Ixesha lokuvuza elifunekayo lixhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nobunjani bentsimbi ekrwada, indlela ye-cyanidation, kunye neemeko zokuvuza. Kwi-cyanidation evuselelweyo, ixesha lokuvuza lidla ngokuba ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-24 kwaye ngamanye amaxesha linokuba lide kangangeeyure ezingama-40 nangaphezulu. Kwimeko ye-leaching telluride ores yegolide, ingathatha ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-72. Kwi-percolation cyanidation, ixesha le-leaching lide, lihlala lifuna ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezintlanu. Ukuba ixesha le-leaching lifutshane kakhulu, i-particle yegolide ayinakuchithwa ngokupheleleyo, okukhokelela kumazinga aphantsi okubuyisela. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba ixesha lokurhweba lide kakhulu, alinyusi iindleko zemveliso kuphela kodwa linokubangela ukuchithwa kokungcola okuninzi kwintsimbi ekrwada, okunokuphazamisana nenkqubo elandelayo yokubuyisela igolide. Ke ngoko, ukumisela ixesha elifanelekileyo lokufundisa ngophando lovavanyo kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo kuyimfuneko ukufezekisa ukutsalwa kwegolide okusebenzayo.

Ukugxilwa koLudaka

Ukuxinwa kwe-leaching slurry kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izinga lokusasazwa kwamacandelo kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation. I-concentration ephezulu ye-slurry ikwandisa i-viscosity ye-slurry, engabandakanyi ukusasazwa kwe-cyanide kunye ne-oksijini kwiincinci zegolide, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuba i-slurry concentration iphantsi kakhulu, nangona inokuphucula iimeko zokusasazwa, iya konyusa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kunye nezinye ii-reagents kwaye ikwafuna umthamo omkhulu wezixhobo, okukhokelela ekwenyukeni kweendleko. Ugxininiso oluludaka olufanelekileyo lufuna ukumiselwa ngovavanyo lwenzuzo ngokweempawu zentsimbi ekrwada. Kwizinto ezikrwada ezinodaka oluncinci kunye nokungcola okumbalwa, ukugxilwa kodaka oluphezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo i-40% - 50%) ingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha. Kwi-ores ene-complex yamaminerali kunye nomxholo ophezulu wodaka, i-concentration ye-slurry ephantsi (malunga ne-25%) isoloko ifuneka.

Ezinye izinto

Ubukho bokungcola kwi-Slurry

Ukongeza kwiiminerali ezinobungozi kwi-ore ngokwayo, ezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kwi-leaching slurry nazo zinokuchaphazela inkqubo ye-cyanidation. Ngokomzekelo, iinqununu ze-ganggue ezintle, ngakumbi ezo zinobumba obuphezulu, zinokunyusa i-viscosity ye-slurry, ithintele ukuhamba kwe-cyanide kunye ne-oxygen. La masuntswana mahle anokuthi adsorb i-cyanide, inciphise ukugxilwa kwayo okusebenzayo ekushicileleni igolide. Ngaphaya koko, ukuba kukho ii-ion zetsimbi enzima kwi-slurry, zinokusabela kunye ne-cyanide ukwenza ii-complexes, zisebenzise i-cyanide kwaye ziphazamise ukuphendula kwegolide. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo lwangaphambili lwe-slurry ukususa okanye ukunciphisa obu kungcola kunokuncedisa ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-cyanidation.

Ukuphazamiseka kunye nokuxuba

Ukuphazamiseka okufanelekileyo kunye nokuxutywa kwe-leaching slurry kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhanjiswa okufanayo kwe-cyanide, i-oksijini, kunye neengqungquthela ze-ore. Ukuphazamiseka kunceda ukuzisa ii-reactants kuqhagamshelwano ngokufanelekileyo, ukunyusa izinga lokusabela. Ukuphazamiseka okungonelanga kunokukhokelela ekugxininiseni kweqondo lendawo, apho ezinye iindawo zodaka zine cyanide okanye ioksijini eyaneleyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphumeni kwegolide okungaphelelanga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphazamiseka okugqithisileyo kunokubangela ukuguga okugqithisileyo kwezixhobo kwaye kunokukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwegwebu eludaka, olunokuthi luchaphazele inkqubo yokucoca. Ke ngoko, ukukhulisa isantya sokuphazamiseka kunye nobunzulu ngokweemfuno zenkqubo ethile kubalulekile kwi-cyanidation yegolide esebenzayo.

Ukuqukumbela, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-ore leaching yegolide nge-sodium cyanide kuphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya neempawu ze-ore, iimeko zokutshiza, kunye nezinye iiparamitha zokusebenza. Ngokuqwalasela ngononophelo kunye nokwandisa le miba, iinkampani zemigodi zinokuphucula izinga lokubuyisela igolide, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yenkqubo ye-cyanidation.