Ukuphucula i-Cyanidation yokutsalwa kweGolide kwi-Refractory Ores

Kwishishini lemigodi yegolide, ukutsalwa kwegolide kwintsimbi ekrwada enyibilikayo kubangela imingeni ebalulekileyo. I-refractory ores, ebonakaliswe ngokungonelanga ukubuyiswa kwegolide phantsi kwendabuko i-cyanide iimeko zokuvuza, ziye zaba yinxalenye ekhulayo yesiseko sobutyebi begolide njengoko umyinge wezinto ezikrwada ezisetyenzwa ngokulula zicutheka. Igolide kwi-ores enjalo ihlala ikwimeko yokusasazwa kakuhle ngaphakathi kweeminerali ze-sulfide, ikakhulu i-pyrite kunye ne-arsenopyrite, okwenza kube nzima ukufikelela kwizisombululo ze-cyanide.

Ukuqonda uMceli mngeni we-Refractory Ores

Ukuxhathisa ezi ore ukuya ngqo Cyanidation ikakhulu kungenxa yokumiliselwa kakuhle kwegolide ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esishinyeneyo seeminerali zesulfide. Le encapsulation yomzimba ikhusela i-cyanide ekuphenduleni ngokufanelekileyo ngegolide, okukhokelela kumazinga aphantsi okubuyisela. Ngenxa yoko, iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokusetyenzwa ziyafuneka ukuze kwandiswe ukutsalwa kwegolide kwezi ntsimbi zitshixayo.

Ubuchwephesha boNyango lwangaphambili lwentsimbi ekrwada

I-Oxidative Roasting

Ukugcadiswa kwe-oxidative kube yenye yeendlela zemveli zokusetyenzwa kwegolide yesulfide- equlethe izigxina. Ngethuba le nkqubo, igolide-ethwele i-sulfides i-oxidized ibe yi-porous mass of oxides, evumela ukungena okungcono kwezixazululo ze-cyanide. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ineentsilelo ezininzi. Ngokungathintelekiyo ikhokelela kungcoliseko lwendalo esingqongileyo ngokukhutshwa kwegesi ye-arsenic nesalfure. Isidingo sokulahla i-arsenic trioxide enetyhefu kakhulu ikwayinkxalabo enkulu. Ukongeza, ukubunjwa kweekhompawundi ezinyibilikayo ezisezantsi kunye nokususwa kwegolide kwi-arsenic sublimates ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshisa kunokunciphisa ngokupheleleyo. Ukutsalwa kwegolide ukusebenza kakuhle. Umzekelo, kweminye imisebenzi esekwe ngokwemveli yokuqhotsa, izinga lokutsalwa kwegolide kwintsimbi ekrwada elityelweyo linokwenyuka ukusuka malunga ne-46.6% (i-cyanidation ngqo ye-concentrate yokuqala ye-flotation) ukuya malunga nama-85% emva kokugcadwa.

I-Bacterial Oxidation (i-Biox)

I-Bacterial oxidation yenye indlela evumelana nokusingqongileyo. Kule nkqubo, iibhaktheriya ezithile zisetyenziselwa i-oxidize amaminerali e-sulfide, ukuphula i-matrix edibanisa igolide. Oku kwenza ukuba igolide ifikeleleke ngakumbi kwicyanide. Iinzuzo zobu buchwepheshe ziquka ukungabikho kokukhutshwa kwegesi eyityhefu. I-Arsenic isuswe kwinkqubo ngendlela ye-arsenate enetyhefu ephantsi. Uphononongo lovavanyo lubonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-Biox kunokunyusa ukutsalwa kwegolide ukuya kwi-91.74% ukusuka kwi-refractory flotation concentrates, oluluphuculo olubalulekileyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-cyanidation ngqo.

I-Autoclave Oxidation (iPox)

I-autoclave oxidation ibandakanya ukubeka ingqalelo kwi-ore kwiqondo eliphezulu lobushushu kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu phambi kweoksijini. Le nkqubo ngokufanelekileyo i-oxidizes iiminerali ze-sulfide. I-autoclave oxidative leaching yokuqala yeconcentrate yeflotation inokubonelela ngokuzinza okuphezulu kokufunyanwa kwegolide kunye ne-cyanidation elandelayo, ngokwesiqhelo kwinqanaba lama-94.9 - 96.5%. Le ndlela inikezela ngamazinga aphezulu okutsalwa kwaye iyinto ebalulekileyo ekuqiniseni inkqubo yezobuchwepheshe, ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko lwamashishini amashishini okulungisa igolide, kunye nokuphucula iimeko zokusebenza zabasebenzi bemveliso.

Izongezo kunye nendima yazo kwiCyanidation

Cyanide - Ukunciphisa izongezo

I-Cyanide yeyona ndawo ixhaphakileyo esetyenziswa ekutsalweni kwegolide, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo okuphezulu akunyusi nje iindleko kuphela kodwa kukwabeka nemingcipheko emandla kokusingqongileyo nakwimpilo yabantu. I-Extractech, i-additive biopolymer ephuculweyo ephuma kwi-algae, iye yaphuhliswa ukulungisa lo mba. Xa ifakwe kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation, inokusebenza njenge-super-oxidant. Iqhekeza iibhondi eziphezulu - i-oxidation - ukunciphisa - amandla (ORP) iiminerali kwi-refractory ores. Ukusabela kwemichiza kwenzeka ngamasuntswana egolide, okushiya igolide ityhileke ngakumbi ukuba isabele ngecyanide. Njengokongeza kwinkqubo ekhoyo yecyanidation, i-Extractech inokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwecyanide ukuya kutsho kuma-20 - 30% ngelixa inyusa izivuno zegolide nge-3 - 5%.

Ezinye izongezo

Ezinye izongezo zingasetyenziselwa ukunyusa inkqubo ye-cyanidation. Umzekelo, ezinye izongezo zinokunyusa umxholo othi "i-oksijini esebenzayo" kwipulp, enenzuzo kwi-cyanidation reaction. Banokuba nemisebenzi efana nokusasazeka, ukunceda ukusasaza ngokupheleleyo i-pulp kunye nokwandisa uqhagamshelwano olusebenzayo phakathi kwe-cyanide kunye negolide. Ukongeza, banokuba nokungacoceki-ukususwa komsebenzi, ukuphelisa okanye ukwenza buthathaka iziphumo ezibi zokungcola kwi-pulp kwi-leaching yegolide. Izongezo ze-Chelating zinokunyusa ukuchithwa kwegolide kunye nokuphelisa izinto ezingcolileyo ezichaphazela ukuchithwa kwegolide.

UPhuculo lweNkqubo kwiCyanidation

Ulawulo lwe-pH

I-Cyanide kwi-pulp ifumana i-hydrolysis reaction, ivelisa i-HCN, inxalenye yayo eguquguqukayo kwisisombululo, okubangela ukulahleka kwe-cyanide kunye nongcoliseko lwendalo. Ngexesha le-cyanide leaching, isisombululo kufuneka sigcine i-alkalinity ethile ukukhusela ukubola kwe-cyanide. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-alkalinity yesisombululo se-cyanide iphezulu kakhulu, iya kunciphisa izinga lokuchithwa kwegolide. Ke ngoko, ulawulo lwe-pH oluchanekileyo lubalulekile kwi-cyanidation esebenzayo.

Ixesha lokuphumla

Njengoko ixesha le-leaching likhula, izinga legolide le-leaching ekuqaleni liyenyuka. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwenqaku elithile, ukongezwa ngakumbi kwexesha le-leaching akunyusi kakhulu izinga legolide. Ke ngoko, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqinisekiswe ixesha elifanelekileyo lokufundisa ukufezekisa ukutsalwa kwegolide okusebenzayo ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa ngokungeyomfuneko kwezixhobo kunye nexesha.

Ukuhanjiswa kweoksijini

Ukusetyenziswa kwee-oxidants ezifana ne-oksijeni ecocekileyo okanye ezinye ii-oxides kwinkqubo yokucoca kunokuphucula indawo yokucoca. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-oksijini - inkqubo yokukhupha i-resin, ukongezwa kwe-oksijini kunokunyusa ngokufanelekileyo izinga le-leaching yegolide kunye nesilivere, ukukhawulezisa isantya se-leaching, ukunciphisa ixesha le-leaching, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kunye ne-nitrate ekhokelayo.

isiphelo

Ukuphucula inkqubo ye-cyanidation yokutsalwa kwegolide kwi-ore refractory kufuna indibaniselwano yetekhnoloji efanelekileyo yonyango lwangaphambili, ukusetyenziswa kwezongezo ezisebenzayo, kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo echanekileyo. Iindlela zonyango ezinje ngebhaktiriya oxidation kunye ne-autoclave oxidation zibonelela ngokulunge ngakumbi kokusingqongileyo kunye nezinye iindlela ezisebenzayo xa kuthelekiswa nokosa kwesintu. Izongezo zinokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kunye nokwandisa ukubuyiswa kwegolide. Ngokulawula ngokucophelela iiparitha zenkqubo ezifana ne-pH, ixesha lokuvuza, kunye nokunikezelwa kwe-oksijini, imboni yezemigodi yegolide inokuphucula ukukhutshwa kwe-ores refractory, okwenza inkqubo yokukhupha iqhube ngakumbi kwaye isebenze ngokwezoqoqosho.