Ukusetyenziswa kweSodium Cyanide kwishishini lePesticide

I-sodium cyanide , nangona idume kakubi njengesithako esinobungozi kakhulu, idlala indima ebalulekileyo neyodwa kwicandelo lokuvelisa izibulali-zinambuzane. Iimpawu zayo zeekhemikhali ziyenza ikwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba ekwenziweni kweendidi ezahlukeneyo zezibulali-zinambuzane, ezibalulekileyo ekukhuseleni izityalo nasekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lokutya.

Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi aDityaniswe neSodium Cyanide

1.Iintlobo ngeentlobo zePesticide eyaziwayo

• IGlyphosate : Njengenye yezona zityalo zokubulala ukhula ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela, iGlyphosate iyasebenza ekulawuleni uluhlu olubanzi lokhula. I-Sodium cyanide ibandakanyeka kumanyathelo athile enkqubo yayo yokwenziwa. Kwindlela yokuvelisa, ii-chemical reactions ezithile zisebenzisa i-reactivity yeSodium Cyanide ukwakha isakhiwo se-molecular ye-glyphosate, enceda ekuphazamiseni ukukhula kwezityalo ngokuthintela i-enzyme kwindlela ye-shikimate.

• I-Fenvalerate : Le sisibulali-zinambuzane esibanzi nesisebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Ukwenziwa kwe-fenvalerate kudla ngokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe -sodium cyanide . Umzekelo, kwenye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokwenziwa, i-Sodium cyanide isabela kwiikhompawundi ezithile ze-organic. Ithatha inxaxheba ekwakhiweni kweekhompawundi eziphambili eziphakathi, ezifana nokusabela kwi-α-isopropyl-p-chlorophenyl acetyl chloride kunye ne-3-phenoxybenzaldehyde. Ngothotho lweempendulo zeekhemikhali, amaqela asebenzayo e-cyanide aquka i-characteristic aquation afakwa kwisakhiwo se-molecular se-fenvalerate, esinika iipropati ezinamandla zokubulala izinambuzane. Inesiphumo sokusebenza ngokukhawuleza kunye namandla okuwisa aqinileyo, ikakhulu isebenza ngokudibana, kwaye inokulawula ngempumelelo izinambuzane ezahlukeneyo kwikotoni, icuba, iisoya, umbona, iziqhamo, kunye nemifuno.

• I-Paraquat : Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuthintelwe kwiindawo ezininzi ngenxa yeengozi ezinokubakho kwindalo nakwimpilo, i-paraquat yayikade isetyenziswa kakhulu njengeyeza lokubulala ukhula elingakhethiyo. I-Sodium cyanide yayikwayeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yayo yokwenziwa. Kwi-chemical reactions ukuvelisa i-paraquat, kusetyenziswa amandla e-sodium cyanide okuthatha inxaxheba ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ze-heterocyclic ezine-nitrogen, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekwakheni i-molecule ye-paraquat ngomsebenzi wayo okhethekileyo wokubulala ukhula.

2.Isizukulwana esitsha - Isizukulwana esiPhakamileyo - ngokufanelekileyo kunye netyhefu ePhantsi - Izibulali-zinambuzane

• I-Cyantraniliprole : Le sisibulali-zinambuzane esitsha esisebenza kakuhle kakhulu. I-sodium cyanide ibandakanyeka ekuhlanganisweni kwamanyathelo amaninzi kwe-cyantraniliprole. Ithatha inxaxheba kwiimpendulo ezenza isakhiwo se-amide esiphambili kunye namaqela asebenzayo aqulethe i-nitrile kwimolekyuli. La maqela asebenzayo abalulekile kwindlela yokusebenza kwesibulali-zinambuzane, esijolise kwii-receptors ezithile kwizinambuzane, siphazamise imisebenzi yazo yomzimba kwaye ekugqibeleni sikhokelela ekufeni kwezinambuzane. I-Cyantraniliprole inomsebenzi ophezulu wokubulala izinambuzane ngokuchasene neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinambuzane ngelixa inetyhefu encinci kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo nakwindalo esingqongileyo.

• I-Penoxsulam : Njenge-herbicide esebenza kakhulu, ukwenziwa kwe-penoxsulam kusebenzisa ne-sodium cyanide. Kwindlela yokwenziwa, i-sodium cyanide ibandakanyeka kwiimpendulo ezakha isakhelo esintsonkothileyo se-molecular ye-penoxsulam. Ithatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezifana nokungeniswa kwezinto ezithatha indawo ye-nitrogen kunye nokwakhiwa kweebhondi eziphambili ze-Carbon -nitrogen. I-Penoxsulam iyasebenza ekulawuleni uluhlu olubanzi lokhula olunengca kunye namagqabi abanzi kumasimi e-paddy nakwezinye iindawo zezolimo, kwaye uphuhliso lwayo ngoncedo lwe-sodium cyanide lube negalelo ekulawuleni ukhula ngendlela esebenzayo neyonobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwezolimo zanamhlanje.

Ukubaluleka kweSodium Cyanide kwiMveliso yePesticide

1.Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezibulali-zinambuzane

• Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwi- Pesticide Synthesis kuvumela ukudalwa kweemolekyuli ezinezakhiwo ezithile zeekhemikhali. Ezi zakhiwo zenzelwe ukusebenzisana nezinambuzane ngendlela ejoliswe kuyo. Umzekelo, amaqela asebenzayo e-cyanide kwizinambuzane ezifana ne-fenvalerate anokuphucula ukubopha kwekhompawundi kwi-receptors yemithambo-luvo yezinambuzane. Oku kubopha okunamandla kuphazamisa ukudluliselwa kwe-nerve impulse eqhelekileyo kwizinambuzane, okukhokelela ekukhubazekeni nasekufeni ngokufanelekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izibulali-zinambuzane ezingezizo i-cyanide.

2.Ukuhlangabezana neMveliso yezoLimo

• Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwabemi behlabathi, imfuno yesivuno esiphezulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wemveliso yezolimo iyakhula. Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi adityaniswe nesodium cyanide adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni izityalo kwizinambuzane nezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngokulawula ngempumelelo izitshabalalisi, ezi zinambuzane zinceda amafama ukuba andise isivuno sezityalo. Ngokomzekelo, i-glyphosate inceda ekususeni ukhula olukhuphisana nezityalo ngezondlo, amanzi kunye nokukhanya kwelanga, ngaloo ndlela ivumela izityalo ukuba zikhule ngcono kwaye zivelise isivuno esiphezulu.

3.Ukuqinisekisa ngokhuseleko lokutya

• Ngokuthintela umonakalo onxulumene nezitshabalalisi kwizityalo, izibulali-zinambuzane ezenziwe ngesodium cyanide zinegalelo kukhuseleko lokutya. Izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo zinokuthwala izifo kwaye zingcolise izityalo, kwaye ukuba azilawulwa, izityalo ezichaphazelekayo zinokungakhuselekanga ukuba zisetyenziswe. Izibulali-zinambuzane ezifana ne-cyantraniliprole zinceda ukugcina iziqhamo kunye nemifuno ingenazo iintsholongwane ezithwala izinambuzane, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ifikelela kubathengi bekwimeko ekhuselekileyo nesempilweni.

Iingqwalasela zoKhuseleko ekuSetyenzisweni kweSodium Cyanide kwiMveliso yePesticide

1.IiProthokholi zoKhuseleko ezingqongqo

• Ngenxa yetyhefu egqithisileyo yesodium cyanide, ishishini lokwenziwa kwezibulali zinambuzane liseke imigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko. Abasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa apho kusetyenziswa i-sodium cyanide kufuneka banxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela, kubandakanywa negesi-iisuti eziqinileyo, izixhobo zokuphefumla kunye neeglavu. Amaziko okuvelisa axhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokungenisa umoya eziphucukileyo ukuthintela ukuqokelelwa kwawo nawuphi na umphunga ovuzayo wesodium cyanide.

2.UKhuseleko lokuSingqongileyo

• Ishishini likwanika ingqwalasela enkulu ekukhuselweni kwendalo. Amanzi amdaka kunye neentsalela zenkunkuma ezenziwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa izitshabalalisi ezinokuqulatha i-sodium cyanide okanye ukusabela kwayo ngeemveliso ziphathwa ngononophelo. Iindlela zonyango ezikhethekileyo, ezifana ne-chemical oxidation kunye nokuthotywa kwebhayoloji, zisetyenziselwa ukudiliza kunye nokukhupha ezi zinto ngaphambi kokuba zikhutshelwe kwindalo, ukunciphisa impembelelo enokubakho kumhlaba, emanzini, kunye nomgangatho womoya.

Ukuqukumbela, i-sodium cyanide, xa isetyenziswe ngokungqongqo kunye nokulawulwa ngokungqongqo, yenze igalelo elibalulekileyo kwishishini le-pesticide. Yenze ukuba kuphuhliswe kunye nokuveliswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubulala izitshabalalisi eziyimfuneko kwimveliso yezolimo yanamhlanje, inceda ukulungelelanisa iimfuno zokulawula izinambuzane, ukuphuculwa kwesivuno, kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yabantu.