Ukusetyenziswa kweSodium Cyanide kwishishini lePesticide

Sodium i-cyanide, nangona idume kakubi njengento eyityhefu kakhulu, idlala indima ebalulekileyo neyodwa kwicandelo lokwenziwa kwezibulali zinambuzane. Iimpawu zayo zeekhemikhali ziyenza ikwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba ekudityanisweni koluhlu olubanzi lwezitshabalalisi, ezibalulekileyo ekukhuseleni izityalo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya.

Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi aDityaniswe neSodium Cyanide

1.Iintlobo ngeentlobo zePesticide eyaziwayo

• Glyphosate: Njengomnye wemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula esetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele, Glyphosate iyasebenza ekulawuleni uluhlu olubanzi lokhula. I-sodium cyanide ibandakanyeka kumanyathelo athile enkqubo yayo yokudibanisa. Kwindlela yemveliso, ukusabela kweekhemikhali ezithile kusebenzisa i-reactivity ye Isodium cyanide ukwakha i-molecular structure ye-glyphosate, enceda ekuphazamiseni ukukhula kwezityalo ngokuvimbela i-enzyme kwindlela ye-shikimate.

• Ukuzihlaziya: Esi sisitshabalalisi esibanzi nesisebenzayo kakhulu. I-synthesis ye-fenvalerate ihlala ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe sodium cyanide. Ngokomzekelo, kwenye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokudibanisa, Isodium cyanide Isebenza kunye neekhompawundi ezithile eziphilayo. Ithatha inxaxheba ekuqulunqweni kweekhompawundi eziphambili eziphakathi, ezifana nokusabela nge-α - isopropyl - p - chlorophenyl acetyl chloride kunye ne-3 - phenoxybenzaldehyde. Ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lweekhemikhali, iimpawu ze-cyanide - eziqulethe amaqela asebenzayo angeniswa kwisakhiwo se-molecular fenvalerate, esinika iimpawu ezinamandla ze-insecticidal. Inefuthe elikhawulezayo elisebenza ngokukhawuleza kunye negunya elinamandla lokuwisa, ubukhulu becala lisebenza ngokudibana, kwaye linokulawula ngokufanelekileyo izitshabalalisi ezahlukeneyo kumqhaphu, icuba, iimbotyi zesoya, umbona, iziqhamo, kunye nemifuno.

• paraquat: Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuthintelwe kwimimandla emininzi ngenxa yeengozi ezinokubakho zokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo, iparaquat yayikhe yasetyenziswa ngokubanzi engakhethiyo yokudibanisa ukhula. I-sodium cyanide nayo yayiyinto ebalulekileyo ekrwada kwinkqubo yayo yokudibanisa. Kwiimpendulo zemichiza ukuvelisa iparaquat, ukukwazi kwe-sodium cyanide ukuthatha inxaxheba ekubunjweni kwe-nitrogen - equkethe izakhiwo ze-heterocyclic isetyenzisiweyo, okuyimfuneko ekwakheni i-molecule ye-paraquat kunye nomsebenzi wayo owodwa we-herbicidal.

2.Isizukulwana esitsha - Isizukulwana esiPhakamileyo - ngokufanelekileyo kunye netyhefu ePhantsi - Izibulali-zinambuzane

• Cyantraniliprole: Esi sisitshabalalisi sesizukulwana esitsha esisebenza kakuhle. I-sodium cyanide ibandakanyeka kwi-multi-step synthesis ye-cyantraniliprole. Ithatha inxaxheba kwiimpendulo ezenza i-core amide structure kunye ne-nitrile - equkethe amaqela asebenzayo kwi-molecule. La maqela asebenzayo abalulekile kwindlela yokusebenza yesitshabalalisi, ejolise kwi-receptors ezithile kwizinambuzane, ephazamisa imisebenzi yazo ye-physiological kwaye ekugqibeleni ikhokelele ekufeni kwezinambuzane. I-cyantraniliprole inomsebenzi ophezulu wokubulala izinambuzane ngokuchasene neentlobo zezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo ngelixa inetyhefu ephantsi ngokwentelekiso kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo kunye nokusingqongileyo.

• I-Penoxsulam: Njengeyeza elisebenza kakuhle kakhulu, ukwenziwa kwe-penoxsulam kusebenzisa ne-sodium cyanide. Kwindlela yokwenziwa, i-sodium cyanide ibandakanyeka kwiimpendulo ezakha isakhelo esintsonkothileyo se-molecular ye-penoxsulam. Ithatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezinje ngokungeniswa kwezinto ezithatha indawo ye-nitrogen kunye nokwakhiwa kwezinto ezibalulekileyo. ICarbon - iibhondi ze-nitrogen. I-Penoxsulam iyasebenza ekulawuleni uluhlu olubanzi lokhula olunengca kunye namagqabi abanzi kumasimi erayisi nakwezinye iindawo zezolimo, kwaye uphuhliso lwayo ngoncedo lwe-sodium cyanide lube negalelo ekulawuleni ukhula ngendlela esebenzayo neyonobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwezolimo zanamhlanje.

Ukubaluleka kweSodium Cyanide kwiMveliso yePesticide

1.Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezibulali-zinambuzane

• Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezitshabalalisi ivumela ukudala iimolekyuli ezinezakhiwo zeekhemikhali ezithile. Ezi zakhiwo ziyilelwe ukusebenzisana nezitshabalalisi ngendlela ekujoliswe kuyo. Umzekelo, icyanide - equlathe amaqela asebenzayo kwizitshabalalisi ezifana ne-fenvalerate inokunyusa umanyano olubophelelayo lwekhompawundi kwi-rective nerve receptors. Oku kubophelela okunamandla kuphazamisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-nerve impulse yesiqhelo kwizinambuzane, okukhokelela ekukhubazekeni nasekufeni ngokufanelekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izibulali-zinambuzane ezingezo-cyanide.

2.Ukuhlangabezana neMveliso yezoLimo

• Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwabemi behlabathi, imfuno yesivuno esiphezulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wemveliso yezolimo iyakhula. Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi adityaniswe nesodium cyanide adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni izityalo kwizinambuzane nezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngokulawula ngempumelelo izitshabalalisi, ezi zinambuzane zinceda amafama ukuba andise isivuno sezityalo. Ngokomzekelo, i-glyphosate inceda ekususeni ukhula olukhuphisana nezityalo ngezondlo, amanzi kunye nokukhanya kwelanga, ngaloo ndlela ivumela izityalo ukuba zikhule ngcono kwaye zivelise isivuno esiphezulu.

3.Ukuqinisekisa ngokhuseleko lokutya

• Ngokuthintela umonakalo onxulumene nezitshabalalisi kwizityalo, izibulali-zinambuzane ezenziwe ngesodium cyanide zinegalelo kukhuseleko lokutya. Izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo zinokuthwala izifo kwaye zingcolise izityalo, kwaye ukuba azilawulwa, izityalo ezichaphazelekayo zinokungakhuselekanga ukuba zisetyenziswe. Izibulali-zinambuzane ezifana ne-cyantraniliprole zinceda ukugcina iziqhamo kunye nemifuno ingenazo iintsholongwane ezithwala izinambuzane, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ifikelela kubathengi bekwimeko ekhuselekileyo nesempilweni.

Iingqwalasela zoKhuseleko ekuSetyenzisweni kweSodium Cyanide kwiMveliso yePesticide

1.IiProthokholi zoKhuseleko ezingqongqo

• Ngenxa yetyhefu egqithisileyo yesodium cyanide, ishishini lokwenziwa kwezibulali zinambuzane liseke imigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko. Abasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa apho kusetyenziswa i-sodium cyanide kufuneka banxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela, kubandakanywa negesi-iisuti eziqinileyo, izixhobo zokuphefumla kunye neeglavu. Amaziko okuvelisa axhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokungenisa umoya eziphucukileyo ukuthintela ukuqokelelwa kwawo nawuphi na umphunga ovuzayo wesodium cyanide.

2.UKhuseleko lokuSingqongileyo

• Ishishini likwanika ingqwalasela enkulu ekukhuselweni kwendalo. Amanzi amdaka kunye neentsalela zenkunkuma ezenziwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa izitshabalalisi ezinokuqulatha i-sodium cyanide okanye ukusabela kwayo ngeemveliso ziphathwa ngononophelo. Iindlela zonyango ezikhethekileyo, ezifana ne-chemical oxidation kunye nokuthotywa kwebhayoloji, zisetyenziselwa ukudiliza kunye nokukhupha ezi zinto ngaphambi kokuba zikhutshelwe kwindalo, ukunciphisa impembelelo enokubakho kumhlaba, emanzini, kunye nomgangatho womoya.

Ukuqukumbela, i-sodium cyanide, xa isetyenziswe ngokungqongqo kunye nokulawulwa ngokungqongqo, yenze igalelo elibalulekileyo kwishishini le-pesticide. Yenze ukuba kuphuhliswe kunye nokuveliswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubulala izitshabalalisi eziyimfuneko kwimveliso yezolimo yanamhlanje, inceda ukulungelelanisa iimfuno zokulawula izinambuzane, ukuphuculwa kwesivuno, kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yabantu.