Imigaqo-siseko yeGold Cyanidation Leaching

I-cyanidation yegolide, inkqubo ebalulekileyo ye-hydrometallurgical, ibisoloko isisiseko sokukhupha igolide kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu ukusukela oko yathengiswa ngeminyaka yoo-1890. Eli nqaku liza kujonga kwiindlela eziphambili zeekhemikhali kunye ne-physical ezixhasa i-cyanidation leaching yegolide, linika ukuqonda okubanzi kwale ndlela ibalulekileyo kwishishini lemigodi yegolide.

Iimpendulo zeMichiza: Intliziyo yeCyanidation

Inkqubo yokuxuba i-cyanidation ixhomekeke kwi-reactivity ekhethekileyo yegolide xa kukho i-ions ze-cyanide (CN⁻) kunye ne-oxidant, ene-oxygen evela emoyeni. I-reaction yekhemikhali esisiseko ingashwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Ii-moles ezine zegolide (Au), ezisabela kwii-moles ezisibhozo zeSodium Cyanide (NaCN), i-mole enye ye-oxygen (O₂) evela emoyeni, kunye nee-moles ezimbini zamanzi (H₂O), zivelisa ii-moles ezine ze-sodium dicyanoaurate(I) (Na[Au(CN)₂]) kunye nee-moles ezine ze-sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

Kule reaction, iiathom zegolide ziyanyibilikiswa kwi-+1 oxidation state kwaye zenze i-stable dicyanoaurate(I) complexes \([Au(CN)_2]^- \). Ii-ion ze-Cyanide zisebenza njengee-complexing agents, zizinzisa ii-ion zegolide kwisisombululo, ngelixa i-oxygen isebenza njenge-electron acceptor, iqhuba i-oxidation yegolide. Le redox - complexation mechanism ivumela ukunyibilika kwegolide kwii-ores zayo, nokuba kumanqanaba aphantsi e-cyanide (0.01 - 0.1%).

Iinkqubo zeMzimba: Ukudluliselwa koMninzi kunye neKinetics yokuLeaching

Ngaphaya kweempendulo zeekhemikhali, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe -cyanidation yegolide kulawulwa ziinkqubo ezibonakalayo ezifana nokudluliselwa kobunzima kunye nokusasazwa. Izinga lokutsalwa kwe-leaching lilonke liphenjelelwa kukusasazwa kwee-reactants (i-cyanide kunye ne-oxygen) kumphezulu wegolide kunye nokusasazwa kwee-dicyanoaurate complexes ezenziweyo kude nomphezulu. Ngokwemodeli yokuncipha - i-core, ukutsalwa kwegolide kwenzeka ngamanyathelo amathathu alandelelanayo:

1. Ukudluliselwa kobunzima bangaphandle : I-Cyanide kunye ne-oksijini ziyasasazeka kumaleko ojikeleze isuntswana legolide.

2. Impendulo yomphezulu : Ukuxinana kunye nokudibanisa kwenzeka kwindawo yokujonga isisombululo segolide.

3. Ukusasazwa kwangaphakathi : Ii-complexes zegolide-cyanide ezenziweyo ziyasasazeka ziphuma kwisuntswana. Eyona nyathelo icothayo kwezi imisela isantya sokuphuma kwe-leaching iyonke, idla ngokuba kukudluliselwa kobunzima bangaphandle okanye ukusabela komphezulu, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokusebenza.

Imiba enempembelelo kwiCyanidation eFanekayo

Ziliqela izinto eziphambili ezinefuthe elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwegolide cyanidation:

• Uxinaniso lweCyanide : I-cyanide eyaneleyo iyafuneka ukuze kwenziwe ii-complexes ezizinzileyo, kodwa ubungakanani obugqithisileyo bunokubangela ukunyuka kweendleko kunye neenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo. Uxinaniso olufanelekileyo luyahluka ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ze-ore.

• Ukufumaneka kwe-oksijini : Ukubonelela nge-oksijini eyaneleyo kubalulekile kwimpendulo ye-oxidation. Iindlela zokungenisa umoya, ezinje ngokushukuma koomatshini okanye ukukhupha umoya, ziyasetyenziswa ukuphucula ukudluliselwa kwe-oksijini.

• Ulawulo lwe-pH : Le nkqubo idla ngokwenziwa kwi-pH ephezulu (9-11) ukuze kuthintelwe ukwenziwa kwegesi enetyhefu ye-hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Ilayimu idla ngokusetyenziswa ukugcina inqanaba le-pH elifunekayo.

• I-Ore Mineralogy : Ubukho be-sulfides, izinto ze-Carbon aceous, kunye nezinye iiminerali zinokuphazamisa i-cyanidation. Umzekelo, ii-sulfides zinokutya i-cyanide kunye ne-oxygen, ngelixa i-carbonaceous matter inokufunxa i-gold-cyanide complexes, ibangele "ukukhubeka."

Iindlela zokuphucula ukusebenza kweCyanidation

Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsalwa kwegolide, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphucula zisetyenziswa:

• Ngaphambi konyango : Ukurosa, ukucola ngoxinzelelo, okanye ukucola nge-bio kungafakwa kwi-ore ezirhabaxa ukususa iiminerali eziphazamisayo nokuveza umphezulu wegolide.

• Izongezo : Iikhompawundi ezifana ne-thiourea okanye i-ammonia zingongezwa ukuphucula izinga lokunyibilika okanye ukuthintela iimpembelelo ezingalindelekanga.

• Uyilo lweZixhobo eziLungileyo : Ii-reactors eziphucukileyo zokuleaching ezinezakhono zokuxuba kunye nokudlulisa ubunzima, ezifana nee-reactors zetanki ezivuthuziweyo okanye iinkqubo zokuleaching ezixineneyo, zinokuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo iyonke.

Ukuqukumbela, igolide cyanidation leaching yinkqubo entsonkothileyo kodwa esebenzayo kakhulu edibanisa ukuphendula kweekhemikhali, ukuhanjiswa kobunzima bomzimba, kunye nokulawulwa ngononophelo kweeparamitha zokusebenza ezininzi. Ukuqonda le mithetho-siseko ingundoqo kubalulekile ekwandiseni iinkqubo zokukhutshwa kwegolide, ukuqinisekisa ukubakho koqoqosho, kunye nokunciphisa iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo kwishishini lemigodi yegolide. Njengoko imfuno yegolide iqhubeka, uphando oluqhubekayo lujolise ekuphuhliseni iindlela ezisebenzayo, ezizinzileyo, kunye nezokusingqongileyo ze-cyanidation.