Ukuphucula iGolide kunye neSilver Leaching Rates kwi-Oxygen-Rich Cyanidation Process kunye ne-Amoniya

intshayelelo

Ukutsalwa kwegolide nesilivere kwintsimbi ekrwada yinkqubo entsonkothileyo nebalulekileyo kwishishini lemigodi. I-Cyanidation kudala ibe yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo kule njongo. Nangona kunjalo, iinzame eziqhubekayo ziyenziwa ukwandisa inkqubo yokuphucula amazinga okuvuza kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Enye indlela enjalo ebonisa isithembiso kukusetyenziswa kwe ammonia kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation eneoksijini eninzi. Eli nqaku lijonga indlela i-ammonia enokudlala ngayo indima ebalulekileyo ekunyuseni amaxabiso egolide nesilivere.

Iziseko zeCyanidation

I-Cyanidation isekelwe kumgaqo wokuba izisombululo ezibuthathaka zesodium okanye i-potassium i-cyanide yiba nentshukumo ekhethwayo yokunyibilika kumasuntswana egolide esinyithi kunye nesilivere kunezinye imathiriyeli ezifumaneka kwintsimbi ekrwada yegolide. Kule nkqubo, xa imiphezulu emitsha yegolide ityhileke kwicyanide kwisinyibiliko esimanzi esineoksijini yasimahla, kwenzeka intshukumo yemichiza eyenza ikhompawundi yegolide yecyanide kunye nehydroxide.

Inkqubo ifuna ukulawulwa ngononophelo kwizinto ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, amandla esisombululo secyanide abalulekile. Ngesiqhelo, amandla esisombululo malunga neponti enye yecyanide (elingana ne-KCN) ukuya kwitoni yesisombululo (amanzi) iyasetyenziswa, njengoko oku kufunyaniswe komelele ngokwaneleyo kwiisekethe ezininzi zecyanide ezithe ngqo. Umsebenzi wovavanyo ubonise ukuba la mandla anika amandla aphezulu okunyibilikisa. Ukongeza, isisombululo esibuthathaka asichatshazelwa kangako yi-cyanicides (iiminerali ezinokuba neziphumo ezibi kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation), kwaye ingozi yetyhefu evela kumsi owenziwe ngumphunga kwimozulu eshushu iyancitshiswa.

Ubushushu bukwadlala indima ebalulekileyo. Kwiimozulu ezibandayo, izisombululo zihlala zifudunyezwa ukuya kuma-70 °F ukugcina isenzo esisebenzayo sokunyibilikisa. Ngaphezulu kolu bushushu, ilahleko yecyanide ngokubola iba yinkxalabo enkulu. Ngokwethiyori, igolide inyibilika ngokukhawuleza kwisisombululo kubushushu obuyi-138 °F.

Indima ye-Amoniya kwi-Oxygen - Inkqubo ye-Cyanidation ecebileyo

Ukuxakeka kunye ne-Metal Ions

I-ammonia inokwenza iikhompawundi ezintsonkothileyo ezineeyoni ezahlukeneyo zetsimbi ezikhoyo kwintsimbi ekrwada. Kwimeko yokukhutshwa kwegolide kunye nesilivere, inokusebenzisana kunye neeyoni zobhedu, ezifumaneka ngokuqhelekileyo kwiintsimbi ezininzi zegolide. Ubhedu lunokutya i-cyanide kwaye luphazamise ukukhutshwa kwegolide nesilivere. Ngokwenza i-copper - i-ammonia complexes, i-ammonia inciphisa ukhuphiswano lwee-ion ze-cyanide, okwenza i-cyanide eninzi ifumaneke ukuchithwa kwegolide nesilivere. Ngenxa yoko, ubukho be-ammonia bunceda ukugcina i-concentration ephezulu ye-cyanide ions yamahhala kwisisombululo, esiluncedo kwi-leaching yegolide nesilivere.

Impembelelo kwi-Electrochemical Environment

I-Amoniya inokutshintsha kwakhona indawo ye-electrochemical ye-leaching system. Inokuchaphazela amandla e-redox yesisombululo, nto leyo echaphazela i-oxidation kunye nokuchithwa kwegolide nesilivere. Kwindawo eneoksijini-etyebileyo, ubukho be-ammonia bunokuphucula ukusebenza kweemolekyuli zeoksijini. Oku kuphuculwa kweoksijini kusebenze kukhuthaza i-oxidation yegolide nesilivere kwiindawo zazo zecyanide. Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko yegolide, indlela yokusabela inokuguqulwa ngendlela eququzelela ukusekwa kwe-cyanide yegolide efanelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuphuculwa kweePropati zeMineral Surface

I-ammonia inokunxibelelana nomphezulu weeminerali kwintsimbi ekrwada. Ezinye iiminerali ekunzima ukuzikhupha ngokuthe ngqo zinokuba neempawu zazo zomphezulu ziguqulwe yi-ammonia. Olu hlengahlengiso lunokwenza umphezulu usebenze ngakumbi kwii-ion ze-cyanide, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kokuphuma kwamanzi. Umzekelo, ezinye iiminerali ezithwele isilivere zinokuba nomphezulu wokwaleka othintela ukufikelela kweeyoni zecyanide. I-Ammonia inokusabela ngolu gqumo okanye i-adsorb kumphezulu wezimbiwa, itshintsha intlawulo yayo kunye nokuphinda kusebenze kweekhemikhali, kunye nokuvumela i-ion cyanide ukuba isabele ngokufanelekileyo kunye nesilivere ngaphakathi kweminerali.

Izifundo zeMyelo kunye nezicelo eziSebenzayo

Kwisicelo esisebenzayo kwimigodi yegolide-yesilivere, ukusetyenziswa kwecala - ukugaya - ngelixa-i-leaching kunye ne-oxygen - inkqubo ye-cyanidation ecebileyo idibaniswe kunye nokongezwa kwe-ammonia. Ngaphantsi kwemeko yokuba inkqubo yokuvelisa yasekuqaleni yahlala ingatshintshi, ukongezwa kwexabiso elifanelekileyo le-ammonia kwinqanaba lokuqala lokugaya lwenziwa. Iziphumo zazimangalisa. Xa kuthelekiswa nemeko ngaphandle kokongeza i-ammonia, izinga legolide le-cyanidation leaching linyuke nge-0.47%, izinga lesilivere linyuke nge-5.33%, kwaye izinga lokuvuthwa kobhedu lehle nge-6.50%. Oku akwanelanga nje ukubuyiswa kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kodwa kunciphise ukunyibilika kobhedu, nto leyo edla ngokuba licala elingafunekiyo-isiphumo njengoko ubhedu lunokutya i-cyanide kwaye ludibanise iinkqubo ezilandelayo zokubuyisela isinyithi.

Kwesinye isifundo malunga nohlobo oluthile lwegolide - i-ore yesilivere, ukongezwa kwe-ammonia kwi-oksijini - inkqubo ye-cyanidation ecebileyo ikhokelele ekuphuculeni okubonakalayo kwi-kinetics ye-leaching. Ixesha elifunekayo ukufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu legolide kunye nesiliva leaching lancitshiswa. Oku akwanelanga nje kuphela ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokufundisa kodwa kukwasindise amandla kunye nezibonelelo ekuhambeni kwexesha.

UPhuculo kunye neNgqwalasela

Ngelixa i-ammonia ibonakalisa amandla amakhulu ekwandiseni amazinga egolide kunye nesilivere evuzayo kwinkqubo ye-oxygen-etyebileyo ye-cyanidation, izinto ezininzi kufuneka ziphuculwe. Uxinzelelo lwe-ammonia lubalulekile. I-ammonia encinci kakhulu ayinakuba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekuxubeni, i-electrochemical environment, okanye ukuguqulwa komphezulu weminerali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuninzi obugqithisileyo be-ammonia bunokukhokelela ekunyuseni kweendleko, imiba enokubakho yokusingqongileyo, kwaye inokuphazamisa ibhalansi yonke yeekhemikhali yenkqubo yokucoca.

Ixabiso le-pH lesisombululo se-leaching nalo lifuna ukulawulwa ngononophelo. I-ammonia isisiseko esibuthathaka, kwaye ukongezwa kwayo kunokuchaphazela i-pH yesisombululo. Kuba inkqubo yecyanidation inobuntununtunu kwi-pH, ukugcina uluhlu lwe-pH oluphezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-10 - 11) kubalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo kwee-ion ze-cyanide kunye ne-reaction kinetics.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuhambelana kwe-ammonia kunye nezinye i-reagents ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo, njenge-lime (ehlala idityaniswe ukulungelelanisa i-pH kunye nokuthintela ukubunjwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide), kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iikhemikhali ezisebenza kwi-leaching system zisebenza ngemvisiswano kubalulekile ekwandiseni izinga lokuvuza kwegolide nesilivere.

isiphelo

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ammonia kwinkqubo ye-oksijini-etyebileyo ye-cyanidation ibonelela ngendlela esebenzayo nesebenzayo yokunyusa amazinga okuvuza kwegolide nesilivere. Ngokuxutywa kwee-ion zetsimbi, ukuguqulwa kwemekobume ye-electrochemical, kunye nokuphuculwa kweepropathi zomphezulu wamaminerali, i-ammonia inokuphucula ngokubonakalayo ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsalwa kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukulungiswa ngononophelo kweeparamitha ezinje ngoxinaniso lwe-ammonia, ulawulo lwe-pH, kunye nokuhambelana nezinye ii-reagents kuyafuneka ukuze kuqatshelwe ngokupheleleyo izibonelelo zale ndlela. Njengoko ishishini lezimayini liqhubeka nokufuna iindlela ezisebenzayo nezizinzileyo zokukhupha iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo, indima ye-ammonia kwiinkqubo ze-cyanidation kusenokwenzeka ukuba ifumane ingqalelo engakumbi kunye nophando olongezelelweyo.