Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweGold Cyanide Leaching: Amaqhinga kunye nokuqonda

intshayelelo

Ukutsalwa kwe -cyanide yegolide kumile njengelitye lesiseko kwishishini lemigodi yegolide, elidume ngokusebenza kwayo ekutsaleni igolide kwi-ore. Ngokusebenzisa izisombululo ze-cyanide, le nkqubo iyayinyibilikisa igolide, iququzelele ukubuyiselwa kwayo emva koko. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo ixesha elide kunye nerekhodi eqinisekisiweyo kwenze ukuba ibe lukhetho olukhethwayo kwimisebenzi emininzi yemigodi. Nangona kunjalo, kwishishini eliqhutywa kukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzinza, ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo yokutsalwa kwe-cyanide kubalulekile. Le posi yebhlog ijonga kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe- Gold cyanide leaching , ihlola zombini iindlela zokwenziwa ngcono zendabuko kunye neendlela eziphambili.

Ukuqonda iNkqubo yeGold Cyanide Leaching

Iziseko zeCyanide Leaching

Kwigolide yecyanide leaching, i-cyanide ion (CN⁻) isabela ngegolide xa kukho ioksijini ukuze yenze igolide enyibilikayo - iicomplexes zecyanide. Ukusabela ngokubanzi kunokwenziwa lula ngolu hlobo:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Oku kusabela kwenzeka ngamanyathelo amabini aphambili. Okokuqala, igolide ifakwa ioksijini, emva koko igolide ene-oxidized idibana ne-cyanide ion ukuze yenze into enyibilikayo. Inkqubo yokuvuza inokuqhutywa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, njengakwiitanki ezinkulu zokuvuza -i-tanki evuzayo (esetyenziselwa i-ores yodidi oluphezulu okanye i-concentrate) okanye kwiimfumba zokuvuza kweemfumba (ezifanele i-ores yomgangatho ophantsi).

IiParameters eziphambili ezichaphazela ukuSebenza ngokuSebenzayo

1. Uxinzelelo lweCyanide : Ukugcina uxinano olufanelekileyo lwe-cyanide kubalulekile. Ukuba uxinano luphantsi kakhulu, ukunyibilika kwegolide kusenokungaphelelanga. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, uxinano oluphezulu alunyusi nje kuphela ixabiso le-cyanide kodwa lukwabeka nemingcipheko kwindalo. Kwii-ore ezininzi, uxinano lwe-cyanide oluphakathi kwe-0.05 - 0.1% lusetyenziswa rhoqo, kodwa oku kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ze-ore.

2. Ukufumaneka kweOksijini : Ioksijini sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwi-gold-cyanide reaction. Ukunikezelwa kweoksijini okwaneleyo kunokukhawulezisa kakhulu isantya sokuphuma kweoksijini. Kwi-mixed-tank leaching, umoya okanye ioksijini ecocekileyo inokungeniswa kwiitanki zokuphuma kweoksijini. Umlinganiselo we-cyanide kwioksijini (CN⁻/O₂) nawo uchaphazela indlela yokusabela. Xa i-CN⁻/O₂ > 6. impendulo ilawulwa kakhulu kukusasazwa kweoksijini, ngelixa xa i-CN⁻/O₂ < 6. ilawulwa kukusasazwa kweoksijini.

3. Inqanaba le-pH : I-pH yesisombululo sokuhluza idlala indima ebalulekileyo. Indawo ene-alkaline ephezulu (ngesiqhelo i-pH 10 - 11) iyagcinwa ukuze kuthintelwe i-hydrolysis ye-cyanide ibe yi-hydrogen cyanide (HCN), igesi enobuthi neguquguqukayo. Ilayimu (CaO) idla ngokufakwa ukuze kulungiswe kwaye kugcinwe i-pH.

4. Ubushushu : Ukunyusa ubushushu kunokunyusa izinga lokuphendula. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwesiqhelo, ubushushu buhlala bulinganiselwe kwi-25 - 40°C. Ubushushu obuphezulu bunokukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwe-cyanide okwandisiweyo ngenxa yeempendulo ezingezizo kunye nokuphuma komphunga.

Izicwangciso-qhinga zokuphucula ukuSebenza ngokuGunyazileyo

Ukuphucula Iiparamitha zeNkqubo

1. Ukulawula Ubungakanani Beenxalenye : Ukuqinisekisa ukugaywa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-ore kubalulekile. Ubungakanani beenxalenye ezincinci buveza indawo engaphezulu yomphezulu weeminerali ezithwele igolide kwisisombululo se-cyanide, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukugaywa okukhawulezayo nokupheleleyo. Umzekelo, kwimigodi yegolide eMzantsi Afrika, ukunciphisa ubungakanani beenxalenye ze-ore ukusuka kwi-75μm ukuya kwi-53μm kwandisa izinga lokubuyiselwa kwegolide nge-8% kwinkqubo yokugaywa kwe-cyanide.

2. Ukuxukuxa kunye nokuVuselela : Kwi-leaching yetanki exukuxiweyo, ukuxukuxa okusebenzayo kuqinisekisa ukusasazwa okufanayo kwamasuntswana e-ore, isisombululo se-cyanide, kunye ne-oksijini etankini. Oku kuphucula unxibelelwano phakathi kwee-reactants kwaye kuphucula izinga lokuxukuxa. Iinkqubo zokuxukuxa eziphucukileyo ezinee-motor zesantya esiguquguqukayo zinokulungiswa ngokweemfuno ezithile ze-ore kunye neemeko zokuxukuxa.

3. Ukuphucula Ixesha Lokuhluza : Ukumisela ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuhluza lilungelelaniso. Ukuhluza ixesha elide kunokunyusa ukubuyiswa kwegolide kodwa kukwakhokelela ekusetyenzisweni okuphezulu kwe-cyanide kunye neendleko zokusebenza. Ngovavanyo lwelabhoratri kunye nomzekelo wenkqubo, ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuhluza linokufunyanwa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-ore. Kwezinye ii-ore ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ixesha lokuhluza leeyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-48 linokwanela, ngelixa kwii-ore ezintsonkothileyo, linokwandiswa liye kwiiyure ezingama-72 nangaphezulu.

Ukusebenzisa izongezo kunye nabakhuthazi

1. Ii-Oxidizing agents : Ukongezwa kwee-oxidizing agents ezifana ne-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), i-sodium peroxide (Na₂O₂), okanye i-calcium peroxide (CaO₂) kunokuphucula ukutsalwa kwegolide. Ezi oxidants zonyusa umxholo we-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo kwi-slurry kwaye zikhawulezise ukutsalwa kwegolide. Umzekelo, kuphononongo olwenziwe kwi-ore yegolide enganyangekiyo e-Australia, ukongeza i-H₂O₂ kuxinzelelo lwe-2 kg/t ye-ore kwandisa izinga lokutsalwa kwegolide ukusuka kwi-70% ukuya kwi-85% ngexesha elifanayo lokutsalwa.

2. Iityuwa zeSinyithi esiNzima : Ezinye iityuwa zeSinyithi esinzima, njengeetyuwa zeLead (umz., iPb(NO₃)₂), zinokusebenza njengabakhuthazi kwinkqubo yokukhuhla i-cyanide. Zenza iiseli ze-galvanic zasekuhlaleni ngegolide, zikhawulezisa ukunyibilika kwegolide. Kwisityalo saseKhanada se-cyanide, ukongeza i-Pb(NO₃)₂ kuncede ukugcina uxinzelelo oluhle lwe-oxygen olunyibilikisiweyo kwisekethe ye-cyanide kwaye koyisa imiphumo emibi yeeminerali ze-sulfide kwi-cyanidation.

3. Ii-Complexing agents : Ii-complexing agents ezifana ne-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) zingasetyenziselwa ukuxubha kunye nokungcola kwi-ore, njenge-copper, i-zinc, kunye nee-iron ion. Oku kunciphisa ukhuphiswano lwale mingcipheko negolide kwii-ion ze-cyanide, okuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-Leaching yegolide.

Ubuchwephesha bokuLeaching obuPhambili

1. Ukucocwa kwe-oksijini okunongiweyo : Okukwaziwa ngokuba yinkqubo ye-CIG (Carbon-in-Gold), le ndlela ibandakanya ukuzalisa i-oksijini ecocekileyo kwi-leaching tank endaweni yomoya ocinezelweyo. Umthamo we-oksijini onyibilikisiweyo owandileyo kwi-slurry ukhawulezisa kakhulu isantya sokucocwa kwe-oksijini. Ukucocwa kwe-oksijini okunongiweyo kunokunciphisa ixesha lokucocwa kwe-oksijini ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50% xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zendabuko zokucocwa kwe-oksijini kwaye kuphucule izinga lokucocwa kwe-gold nge-10 - 20%.

2. Ukucocwa koxinzelelo : Ukucocwa koxinzelelo lwe-cyanide kwenziwa kwisitya soxinzelelo. Ukunyusa uxinzelelo kwandisa ukunyibilika kweoksijini kunye ne-cyanide kwisisombululo kwaye kukhawulezise izinga lokuphendula. Xa uxinzelelo lwe-2×10⁵ Pa, izinga lokucocwa kwegolide linokuba liphindwe kalishumi ukuya kuma-20 kunaxa kuphantsi koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo. Le teknoloji isebenza ngokukodwa kwi-ore zegolide ezinganyangekiyo.

3. Ukuleyisha okuncediswa yi-Ultrasonic : Amaza e-Ultrasonic anokungeniswa ngexesha lenkqubo yokuleyisha. Amandla e-ultrasonic adala amaqamza e-cavitation kwisigaba solwelo, adilikayo aze avelise uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neendawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu. Oku kunceda ukucoca umphezulu wee-particles zegolide, ukuqhekeza umaleko wokusasazwa ojikeleze ii-particles, kunye nokukhuthaza ukungena kwesisombululo se-cyanide kwi-ore, ngaloo ndlela kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuleyisha.

Inkqubo yokuJonga noLawulo

1. Abahlalutyi be-Intanethi : Ukusebenzisa abahlalutyi be-intanethi kwiiparameter ezifana noxinzelelo lwe-cyanide, umxholo we-oksijini, i-pH, kunye noxinzelelo lwegolide kwi-leachate kuvumela ukujonga inkqubo yokukhupha i-leaching ngexesha langempela. Umzekelo, i-analyzer ye-cyanide ekwi-intanethi inokubona utshintsho kuxinzelelo lwe-cyanide kwimizuzwana embalwa, nto leyo evumela abaqhubi ukuba balungise izinga lokongeza i-cyanide ngokukhawuleza.

2. Iinkqubo zoLawulo oluZenzekelayo : Iinkqubo zolawulo oluZenzekelayo zingasetyenziselwa ukulawula iinguqu zenkqubo ngokusekelwe kwidatha evela kubahlalutyi abakwi-intanethi. Umzekelo, ukongezwa kwe-cyanide, ilayimu, kunye nee-oxidizing agents kunokulungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokwexabiso elimiselweyo loxinzelelo lwe-cyanide kunye ne-pH. Oku kunciphisa iimpazamo zomntu kwaye kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo nokusebenzayo kwenkqubo yokukhuhla.

isiphelo

Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-gold cyanide leaching ngumsebenzi oneenkalo ezininzi oquka ukuphucula iiparameter zenkqubo zemveli, ukusebenzisa izongezo kunye nabakhuthazi, ukwamkela ubuchwepheshe be-Advanced leaching , kunye nokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokubeka esweni kunye nokulawula inkqubo ezisebenzayo. Ngokusebenzisa la maqhinga, imisebenzi yemigodi inokuphucula amazinga okubuyisa igolide, inciphise ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide, kwaye iphucule uzinzo ngokubanzi kwezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo. Njengoko ishishini lemigodi yegolide liqhubeka nokukhula, uphando oluqhubekayo kunye noyilo kwitekhnoloji ye-cyanide leaching kuya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo ukuhlangabezana nemingeni yobunzima be-ore kunye nemithetho yokusingqongileyo.