Zeziphi iindawo ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi zesodium cyanide?

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) yikhompawundi enobungozi kakhulu engangcolisiyo eneentlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo kumashishini amaninzi. Nangona iyingozi, iipropati zayo ezikhethekileyo zeekhemikhali ziyenza ibe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezininzi zoshishino. Eli nqaku liphonononga iinkalo ezahlukeneyo apho iSodium cyanide isetyenziswa khona.

Icandelo lezemigodi

Enye yezona ndlela zaziwayo zokusetyenziswa kweSodium Cyanide kushishino lwezemigodi , ingakumbi ekutsaleni izinyithi ezixabisekileyo. Igolide nesilivere, ezifumaneka rhoqo kwiintsimbi ezikumgangatho ophantsi, zingahlulwa ngokufanelekileyo kwilitye elijikelezileyo kusetyenziswa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-cyanidation. Xa kukho ioksijini namanzi, i-sodium cyanide isabela negolide okanye isilivere ukuze yenze ii-complexes ze-soluble metal - cyanide. Umzekelo, impendulo negolide ingamelwa ngolu hlobo:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Le nkqubo ivumela ukubuyiswa ngokufanelekileyo kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kubuninzi be-ore. I-cyanidation ikwasetyenziselwa ukukhutshwa kwezinye iintsimbi ezifana nobhedu, i-zinc, kunye neplatinam - isinyithi seqela kwezinye iimeko. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yetyhefu ye-cyanide, amanyathelo angqongqo okusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko akhona ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhutshwa kwe-cyanide - equlethe amanzi amdaka kwindawo.

Electroplating kunye Surface Treatment

I-sodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ze -Electroplating . Isetyenziswa njengenxalenye ephambili kwiibhafu ze-electroplating zokufaka iintsimbi ezifana ne-copper, isilivere, i-cadmium, kunye ne-zinc kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Kwisisombululo se-electroplating, ii-ion ze-cyanide zisebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Zinceda ekunciphiseni i-anode polarization, ziqinisekisa ukunyibilika okugudileyo kwe-anode metal. Oku kubangela ukunikezelwa okuzinzileyo nokungaguquguqukiyo kwee-ion zesinyithi kwisisombululo. Ukongeza, ii-ion ze-cyanide zonyusa i-cathode polarization, ekhuthaza ukufakwa kwesinyithi ngokulinganayo kumphezulu we-cathode, okukhokelela ekugqityweni komgangatho ophezulu, okugqunywe ngokulinganayo. Umzekelo, kwi-electroplating yesilivere, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwi-plating bath kunceda ukufezekisa i-silver coating eqaqambileyo nenamathelayo kwizinto ezifana nobucwebe kunye noqhagamshelwano lombane.

Imichiza yokuHlanganisa

1.Imveliso yeMichiza eNgekhoyo

I-sodium cyanide isebenza njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokwenziwa kwee -cyanides ezininzi ezingaphiliyo . Umzekelo, isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-potassium cyanide (KCN), ekwasetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ngokuphendula i-sodium cyanide kunye neetyuwa ze-potassium ngokusebenzisa ii-metathesis reactions, i-potassium cyanide inokufumaneka. Ezinye ii-Cyanides ezibalulekileyo ezingaphiliyo ezifana ne-zinc cyanide (Zn(CN)₂), ezisetyenziswa kwi-electroplating kunye ne-catalyst kwezinye ii-chemical reactions, kunye ne-copper(I) cyanide (CuCN), ezisetyenziswa kwi-organic synthesis kunye ne-electroplating, nazo ziveliswa kwi-sodium cyanide.

2.I-Organic Synthesis

Kwi-organic chemistry, i-sodium cyanide i-nucleophile enamandla. Ingathatha inxaxheba kwiimpendulo ezifana ne-nucleophilic substitution reactions kunye ne-alkyl halides. Le ndlela yokusabela, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Kolbe nitrile synthesis, yindlela ebalulekileyo yokwandisa amatyathanga ekhabhoni. Ngokomzekelo, xa i-alkyl halide (R - X) isabela nge-sodium cyanide, i-alkyl nitrile (R - CN) yenziwa:

R - X+ NaCN → R - CN+ NaX

Iziphumo ze-nitriles zinokuguqulwa ngakumbi zibe zezinye iikhompawundi eziluncedo eziphilayo. Ziyakwazi ukuhlanjululwa nge-hydrolyzed ukwenza i-carboxylic acids okanye zincitshiswe ukuba zenze ii-amines, eziyimfuneko yokwakha ibhloko ekuhlanganiseni amayeza, iipolymers, kunye nezinye iimveliso eziphilayo.

Icandelo lezamayeza

I-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kweendlela ezininzi zokuxuba amayeza. Ngokomzekelo, ibandakanyeka kwimveliso yeekhompawundi ezifana ne-cyanacetic acid kunye ne-derivatives yayo. I-cyanacetic acid ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza amayeza afana ne-barbiturates, asetyenziswa njengezothomalalisi kunye ne-hypnotics. Omnye umzekelo kukwenziwa kwee-amino acids ezithile, eziyinxalenye yeeproteni. Ezinye i-amino acids ziveliswa ngeendlela zokwenziwa ezibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide njengento yokuqala okanye i-reagent kumanyathelo okuphendula abalulekileyo. Ezi amino acids zisetyenziswa ke xa kusenziwa izongezo zokutya kunye nokuveliswa kwamanye amayeza.

Idayi kunye noShishino loMqhaphu

1.Ukwenziwa kweDayi

Kwishishini ledayi, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziswa ekuveliseni iidayi ezithile kunye neziphakathi zedayi. Ngokomzekelo, ibandakanyeka kwi-synthesis ye-cyanuric chloride, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ephakathi kwimveliso yeedayi ezisebenzayo. Idayi ezisebenzayo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lelaphu ngenxa yeempawu zabo ezibalaseleyo zokungagungqi kwemibala. I-Cyanuric chloride inokusabela ngeekhompawundi ezahlukeneyo ze-organic ukwenza uluhlu olubanzi lwezakhiwo zedayi ezinokubophelela ngokudibeneyo kwimicu yelaphu, ebonelela ngombala ohlala ixesha elide.

2.I-Textile Processing

Kwishishini le-textile, i-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziswa njenge-mordant kwezinye iinkqubo zokudaya. I-mordant inceda ekuphuculeni ukubophelela kwedayi kwilaphu, ukwandisa ubukhulu bombala kunye nokuqina kwezinto ezidayiweyo. Ukongeza, isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezithile zonyango lomphezulu wempahla, njengakwimeko yomatshini wentsimbi esekwe kwintsimbi apho inokubandakanyeka kwiinkqubo ezinje nge-liquid carburizing kunye ne-nitriding ukuphucula ukuqina kunye nokunxiba - ukuxhathisa izinto zentsimbi.

Ulawulo lweZitshabalalisi kunye nokuThuthukisa

Ngenxa yobume bayo obuyityhefu kakhulu, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziswe kulawulo lwezinambuzane, ingakumbi kwixesha elidlulileyo ngeenjongo zokutshisa. Kwizithuba ezivaliweyo ezinje ngoovimba okanye iindawo zokugcina, iziqhumiso ezisekelwe kwicyanide ezinesodium cyanide zinokusetyenziselwa ukubulala izitshabalalisi ezifana nezinambuzane, iimpuku kunye nokungunda okuthile. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kulawulo lwezinambuzane kwehle kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yetyhefu egqithisileyo kunye nophuhliso lwezinye iindlela, iindlela zokulawula izinambuzane ezingenabungozi. Imithetho engqongqo yokhuseleko ngoku ilawula ukusetyenziswa kwayo kule ndawo ukuthintela ukuchanabeka ngengozi ebantwini nakwizinto ezingajoliswanga.

Ekugqibeleni, i-sodium cyanide, nangona i-toxicity yayo, iyikhemikhali ebalulekileyo enoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kumashishini afana nemigodi, i-electroplating, i-chemical synthesis, i-pharmaceuticals, idayi kunye ne-textile, kunye nokulawula izinambuzane. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphathwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kufuna ukuthotyelwa okungqongqo kunye nokhuseleko kunye nemimiselo yokusingqongileyo ukunciphisa umngcipheko kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.