Ukusetyenziswa kweSodium Cyanide kuShishino lweMetallurgical kunye nokwabelana ngamava

intshayelelo

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN), njenge-arhente edibanisayo esebenza kakuhle kunye ne-arhente yokukhuhla, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiShishini leMetallurgical . Iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zeekhemikhali ziyenza ikwazi ukwenza ii-complexes ezizinzileyo ezinee-ion ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa ukukhupha, ukwahlula, kunye nokucocwa kweesinyithi. Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya usetyenziso oluphambili lweSodium Cyanide kwintsimi ye-metallurgical kwaye lishwankathele amanqaku aphambili okusebenza ngokusekelwe kumava asebenzayo.

I. Usetyenziso olungundoqo lweSodium Cyanide kuShishino lweMetallurgical

1.Ukutsalwa kweGold (Inkqubo yeCyanidation yeGold Extraction)

• Umgaqo : I-sodium cyanide iphendula negolide xa kukho ioksijini ukuze yenze i-soluble gold cyanide complexes (ezifana ne-[Au(CN)₂]⁻). Igolide emva koko ifunyanwa ngokutsalwa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo okanye ukufuduswa kwe-zinc.

• Iingenelo : Iyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa ne-ore zegolide ezikumgangatho ophantsi kunye ne-ore ezintsonkothileyo, kwaye izinga lokuphuma kwayo linokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-90%.

• Ityala : Umgodi wegolide wonyuse izinga lokubuyiselwa kwegolide ukuya kwi-92% ngokuphucula uxinaniso lwe -sodium cyanide (0.05%-0.1%) kunye nexesha lokukhuhla (iiyure ezingama-24-48).

2.Electroplating kunye neMetal Surface Treatment

• Injongo : Njengesongezelelo kwizisombululo ze -Electroplating , isetyenziselwa ukufakelwa kweesinyithi ezifana nobhedu, i-zinc, kunye nesilivere, ezinokuphucula ukufana kunye nokunamathela kwengubo.

• Amanyathelo okhuseleko : Ubuninzi be-cyanide kufuneka bulawulwe ngokungqongqo ukuze kuthintelwe intsalela eninzi, enokukhokelela kungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo.

3.Ukwahlulwa kweMetal kunye nokuCocwa

• Imeko yokusetyenziswa : Khetha ngokukhetha iintsimbi ekujoliswe kuzo (ezifana ne-nickel kunye ne-cobalt) kwii-polymetallic ores, okanye ususe ii-ions zokungcola (ezifana ne-iron kunye ne-lead).

• Amanqaku obuchwephesha : Fikelela ukuhlanganiswa kwesinyithi ezahlukeneyo ngokulungelelanisa ixabiso le-pH kunye nomthamo weSodium cyanide.

II. Amava aPhambili kunye nokuPhuculwa koBugcisa ekuSetyenzisweni kweSodium Cyanide

1.Ukulawulwa kweNgqwalasela kunye neDosage

• Umthetho Osebenzayo : Ngexesha lokutsalwa kwegolide, uxinaniso lwe-sodium cyanide ludla ngokuba yi-0.03%-0.1%, kwaye kufuneka lulungiswe ngokweempawu ze-ore (ezifana nomxholo wekhabhoni kunye nomxholo we-sulfide).

• Ityala : Umgodi ufumanise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kunyuke ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Emva kophando, kufunyaniswe ukuba umxholo wesalfure kwi-ore udlule umgangatho. Ingxaki yasonjululwa emva kokusebenzisa inkqubo yonyango lwangaphambi konyango (yokurosa okanye yokuyitshisa).

2.Ukuphuculwa kweeMeko zokuLeaching

• Ixabiso le-pH : Ukugcina imeko-bume ye-alkaline (pH 10-11) kunokuthintela ukuveliswa kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide kwaye kuphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-Leaching ngaxeshanye.

• Ubushushu : Ukufudumeza okufanelekileyo (30-40°C) kunokukhawulezisa ukusabela, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko kufuneka zilinganiswe.

3.UkuKhuselwa kokuSingqongileyo kunye noLawulo loKhuseleko

• Unyango lwamanzi amdaka : Sebenzisa indlela ye-alkaline chlorination (i-sodium hypochlorite + i-sodium hydroxide) ukubola i-cyanide ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukukhupha amanzi kuyahambelana nomgangatho (uxinzelelo lwe-CN⁻ lungaphantsi kwe-0.5 mg/L).

• Ukhuseleko Lokhuseleko : Xhobisa ngomgca wemveliso ovalekileyo ngokupheleleyo, inkqubo yokubeka esweni ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nesixhobo sokufafaza ngexesha likaxakeka. Abaqhubi kufuneka banxibe iimpahla zokukhusela iikhemikhali kunye neemaski zegesi.

III. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kunye nezisombululo

1.Ingozi yeCyanide Poisoning

• Amanyathelo okuthintela : Jonga rhoqo ukuqina kwezixhobo kwaye uphephe ukudibana kwesisombululo se-cyanide nezinto ezine-asidi (ukuthintela ukuveliswa kwegesi ye-HCN enobuthi kakhulu).

• Unyango Olungxamisekileyo : Hlamba ngoko nangoko indawo edibene nolusu ngamanzi acocekileyo amaninzi. Ukuba ithe yaginywa ngengozi, ixhoba kufuneka lifune unyango ngoko nangoko kwaye litofwe nge-sodium thiosulfate ukuze likhuphe ubuthi emzimbeni.

2.Ukuncipha kokuLuleka ngokuSebenzayo

• Izizathu ezinokwenzeka : Ukungabikho ngokwaneleyo kwe-oxidation ye-ore, ukubola kwe-sodium cyanide (ngenxa yokukhanya okanye ubushushu obuphezulu), kunye nokuphazamiseka kwee-ions zokungcola (ezifana ne-lead kunye ne-copper).

• Izisombululo : Yongeza i-oxidant (efana ne-hydrogen peroxide) ukukhuthaza i-oxidation ye-ore, okanye ususe ukungcola ngonyango lwangaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe.

IV. IiNdlela zekamva kunye nobuGcisa obuBunye

• Iiteknoloji zokuNciphisa iCyanide : Iinkqubo eziluhlaza ezifana nendlela ye-thiourea kunye nendlela ye-bioleaching ziyavela kancinci kancinci, nto leyo enokunciphisa iingozi zokusingqongileyo.

• Ulawulo Olukrelekrele : Ukubeka esweni iiparameter ngexesha langempela ezifana noxinzelelo lwe-sodium cyanide kunye nexabiso le-pH ngokusebenzisa ii-algorithms ze-AI ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo oluchanekileyo.

isiphelo

I-sodium cyanide inamandla aphezulu kwaye inobungozi obunokubakho kwishishini le-metallurgical. Ukusetyenziswa okunengqiqo kuxhomekeke kuyilo lwenkqubo yesayensi, ulawulo oluqinileyo lokhuseleko, kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji oluqhubekayo. Ngokwenza ngcono iiparamitha zokusebenza kunye nokuqinisa amanyathelo oKhuseleko lweNdalo , ixabiso layo linokunyuswa kwaye imingcipheko incitshiswe, okukhuthaza ishishini ukuba liphuhlise kwicala eliluhlaza nelizinzileyo.