Isetyenziswa njani iSodium cyanide kwimigodi yegolide?

Sodium i-cyanide (NaCN), njenge-reagent engundoqo Ukutsalwa kwegolide, uyayiqonda inguqu ukusuka kwintsimbi ekrwada ukuya kwigolide nge Cyanidation indlela kwi Ukumbiwa kweGolide. Le nkqubo ibandakanya imisebenzi enzima yeekhemikhali kunye nokulawulwa kwenkqubo engqongqo. Oku kulandelayo ngamanyathelo athile osetyenziso kunye neenkcukacha eziphambili zobugcisa:

Inkqubo yeGold Cyanidation

I. Ore Pretreatment

1.Ukutyumza kunye nokuSila

I-ore iyacolwa ize igutywe ibe ngumgubo ocolekileyo (ngesiqhelo onobukhulu besuntswana ≤ 75μm) ukwandisa indawo yokudibana nesisombululo seSodium Cyanide.

2.I-Flotation okanye i-Gravity Concentration

Iintsimbi zomgangatho ophantsi kufuneka zigxininiswe kwangaphambili kwiiminerali zegolide ngokujikeleza okanye ukugxininiswa komxhuzulane ukuze kuncitshiswe isixa sentsimbi ekrwada kunyango olulandelayo lwe-cyanidation.

II. Cyanidation Leaching Reaction

1.IiMeko zokuLeaching

• Ukulungiswa kwesisombululo: Nyibilikisa i-sodium cyanide emanzini ukuze wenze isisombululo esinyibilikisiweyo esinoxinzelelo lwe-0.01%-0.1% (uxinzelelo oluthile luxhomekeke kudidi lwe-ore).

• Imeko ye-Alkaline: Yongeza i-calcium oxide (CaO) okanye i-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ukuze ulungise i-pH ibe yi-10-11 ukuthintela ukubola kwe-cyanide ibe yigesi ye-hydrogen cyanide (HCN) enetyhefu kakhulu.

• Ubonelelo lweOksijini: Gcina uxinano lweoksijini enyibilikisiweyo kwisisombululo (ngesiqhelo i-> 5 mg/L) ngokufaka umoya okanye ngokuxukuxa ukuze kuqhutywe impendulo yeoksijini.

2.Impendulo yeChemical

Igolide idibana necyanide kwindawo yealkaline kunye ne-aerobic ukwenza izinto ezinyibilikayo:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4NaAu(CN)₂ (sodium aurocyanide) + 4NaOH

Oku kusabela kufuneka kuthathe iiyure ezininzi ukuya kwiintsuku ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba igolide inyibilika ngokupheleleyo.

III. Imvula kunye nokuBuyiswa kweGolide

I-1.Indlela yoTshintsho lweZinc

Yongeza i-zinc powder okanye i-zinc wire kwisisombululo se-leaching, kwaye igolide iyancipha ngenxa yokusabela okutshintshileyo:

2Au(CN)₂⁻ + Zn → 2Au↓ + Zn(CN)₄²⁻

Umgubo wegolide owenziweyo uyahlanjwa kwaye unyibilikiswe ukufumana igolide ekrwada.

2.I-Activated Carbon Adsorption Indlela

Kwesinye isisombululo, ikhabhoni ecushiweyo inokukhetha i-Au(CN)₂⁻ kwisisombululo, emva koko igolide ibuyiswe nge-desorption ephezulu yobushushu.

IV. Ukunyangwa kweeTailings kunye noLawulo loKhuseleko

1.Ukungathathi hlangothi kweCyanide

I-pulp ye-tailings emva kokuvuza kufuneka i-oxidize i-cyanide eseleyo ngokongeza i-sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) okanye i-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂):

CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2OH⁻

Ekugqibeleni, ukunciphisa i-cyanide yoxinzelelo kumgangatho wokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo <0.5 mg / L).

2.Isistim yeClosed-loop Circulation System

Yamkela inkqubo evaliweyo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwesisombululo se-cyanide, kwaye izinga lokuphinda lisetyenziswe kwamanye amashishini linokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-90%.

V. Ubunzima boBugcisa kunye nezikhokelo zokuSebenza

1.Ukuphazamiseka kokungacoceki

Ii-ion zesinyithi ezifana nobhedu kunye nentsimbi ziya kudla i-cyanide. Ukulungiswa kwangaphambili (okufana nokutshisa i-desulfurization) okanye ukongezwa kwe-inhibitors (njenge-sodium sulfide) kuyadingeka ukunciphisa impembelelo.

2.Ukunyangwa kweOre ezikwinqanaba eliphantsi

Kwigolide esasazwe kakuhle nevalekileyo, i-biological pre-oxidation (efana ne-bacterial leaching) okanye iteknoloji ye-oxidation yoxinzelelo iyamkelwa ukophula ubume bezimbiwa kunye nokuphucula izinga legolide lokuphuma.

3.Ukuphuculwa kweTekhnoloji yoKhuseleko lweNdalo

Phuhlisa i-cyanide ephantsi okanye i-cyanide-free leaching agents (ezifana ne-thiosulfates), kwaye uhlolisise iinkqubo ezintsha zokubuyisela ezifana ne-electrochemical deposition.

isiphelo

Ukusetyenziswa kweSodium cyanide ekumbiweni kwegolide kuxhomekeke kulawulo oluchanekileyo lwenkqubo kunye nolawulo oluqinileyo lokhuseleko. Nangona ubuthi bayo bubangele impikiswano, ukusebenza kwayo kakuhle kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho kusayenza ibe yiteknoloji ephambili. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokuphuculwa kweemfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, indlela ye-cyanidation iya kuphuhliswa ngokubambisana neetekhnoloji eziluhlaza, ikhuthaza ukuguqulwa kokumbiwa kwegolide ukuya kwicala elikhuselekileyo nelizinzileyo.