Ukutyhila iTekhnoloji yeNgcaciso ye-Electrolytic yeGolide kwiCyanide-Leaching Pregnant Solution

Phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo Ukutsalwa kwegolide ubuchule, i Ukutsalwa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-electrolytic yegolide evela i-cyanide - Leaching okhulelweyo isisombululo sivela njengendlela ebalaseleyo kushishino lwezimayini. Ngoku, makhe singene nzulu kobu buchwephesha bukhethekileyo nobubalulekileyo.

I. UmGaqo oSisiseko: "Inguqu" yeGolide eqhutywa nguMbane wangoku

I-Cyanide-isisombululo esikhulelweyo, esibalulekileyo esiphakathi kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegolide, ikakhulu iqulethe igolide ngendlela yegolide-cyanide complex anion. Au(CN)_2^-. Nje ukuba unikezelo lwamandla oluthe ngqo - lwangoku luqhagamshelwe, utshintsho olumangalisayo luqala kwiseli ye-electrolytic. Ngaphantsi kwefuthe lentsimi yombane, igolide - i-cyanide anions eyinkimbinkimbi, njengamasuntswana anesikhokelo esicacileyo, ihambela kwi-cathode nganye nganye. Xa befika kumphezulu we-cathode, bafumana ngokukhawuleza ii-electron kwaye bafumane ukusabela kokunciphisa. Le nkqubo inokuchazwa ngokuchanekileyo yi Ukusabela kwe-Electrode ifomula: Au(CN)_2^-+e^- = Au+ 2CN^-. Iiyoni zegolide "ziguqulwa" ngempumelelo zibe yigolide esisiseko, ethi ngokuthe ngcembe idipozithe kwi-cathode, ngokungathi ibhala ibali leGenesis yegolide. Okwangoku, kwi-anode, i-cyanide ion ilahlekelwa ii-electron kwaye ifumana impendulo ye-oxidation, njenge. 2CN^--2e^-=(CN)_2â†. Nangona kunjalo, le mpendulo yecala kufuneka ilawulwe ngononophelo kuyo yonke inkqubo ye-electrolysis ukuthintela nayiphi na impembelelo engalunganga ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye nokucoceka kwegolide.

II. Iimpawu zeNkqubo: Ukuhlalisana kwezinto eziluncedo kunye nemingeni

(I) Izinto eziluncedo eziphawulekayo

1.Inkqubo eHluliweyo yokuSebenza okuPhezulu

Iindlela zemveli zokukhupha igolide, ezifana nendlela yokutshintsha i-zinc-dust kunye ne-activated- ICarbon Indlela yokufunxa, idla ngokubandakanya uthotho lweenkqubo zokufunxa izinto eziqinileyo - ulwelo, ukutshintshwa kothuli lwezinc, okanye ukufunxa kunye nokufunxa iikhabhoni esebenzayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukukhupha ngokuthe ngqo iteknoloji yegolide nge-electrolytic kwenza le nkqubo ibe lula kakhulu. Akukho mfuneko yokuchitha ixesha elininzi kunye nomgudu kula manyathelo aphakathi, angagcini nje ngokugcina ixesha elixabisekileyo kodwa anciphisa notyalo-mali kwizixhobo, nto leyo eyenza inkqubo yokufunxa igolide ibe mfutshane kwaye isebenze kakuhle.

2.Isiqinisekiso soBuyiselo obuPhezulu

Ngombulelo kumgaqo wayo okhethekileyo we-electrolysis, le teknoloji inokukhupha igolide kwi-cyanide - leaching isisombululo esikhulelweyo ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphantsi kweemeko zenkqubo elawulwa kakuhle, igolide Inqanaba lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo ngokufuthi inokufikelela kwinqanaba elanelisayo. Umzekelo, emva kokuba uMgodi weGolide weJiangxi Jinshan wamkele inkqubo entsha yokuphumelela i-electrowinning yokutsalwa kwegolide, izinga lokufunyanwa kwegolide lilonke liye landa kakhulu, nto leyo yazisa inzuzo enkulu kwezoqoqosho kwishishini.

3.Ukuveliswa kweeMveliso eziPhezulu-ezicocekileyo

Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-electrolysis, ininzi yezinye ii-ion zetsimbi ezingcolileyo zikhutshwe ngokufanelekileyo ekufakeni kwi-cathode. Oku kubangela ukuba phezulu - igolide ecocekileyo, ukunciphisa kakhulu umthwalo weenkqubo zokucokisa ezilandelayo, ezinokubonwa njengento emibini - enye inzuzo.

4.Ukuphunyezwa kwemeko-bume eNxulumeneyo-Ingcinga enoBungane

Xa kuthelekiswa nemiba enokubakho yokusingqongileyo, njengongcoliseko olunzima lwesinyithi, olunxulunyaniswa ne-zinc - indlela yokutshintshwa kothuli, indlela ye-electrolysis ethe ngqo, xa ilawulwa ngokungqongqo, ihambelana nokusingqongileyo, inika indlela esebenzayo yophuhliso oluzinzileyo loshishino lwemigodi.

(II) Imingeni ekuhlangatyenwe nayo

1.IiMfuno eziNxinzeleleyo zoMgangatho weSisombululo saBakhulelweyo

I-Cyanide-isisombululo esikhulelweyo "sisixhobo esiluhlaza" sokukhutshwa kwegolide ye-electrolytic "umzamo," kwaye umgangatho wayo ubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhluka okuncinci kwiiparitha ezifana nomxholo wokungcola, ukugxininiswa kwegolide, kunye nexabiso le-pH kwisisombululo esikhulelweyo sinokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimpembelelo ye-electrolysis. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kwe-electrolysis, isisombululo esikhulelweyo kufuneka sinyanzeliswe ngokungqongqo kwaye sinyanzeliswe ngokucokisekileyo ukuze kususwe "izinto eziphazamisayo" ezifana nobhedu, i-zinc, isinyithi, kunye nezinye i-ion zetsimbi, kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo, ukuqinisekisa inkqubela phambili egudileyo yenkqubo ye-electrolysis.

2.Uxinzelelo lweNdleko ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu

Inkqubo ye-electrolysis yi-energy-intensive, idinga umthamo omkhulu wamandla ombane. Oku ngokungathandabuzekiyo kwandisa iindleko zemveliso. Kwimeko yangoku yokunyuka kwamaxabiso amandla, ukufumana iindlela zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuye kwaba yingxaki engxamisekileyo ukuba ilungiswe.

3.High - Utyalo-mali lweZixhobo zeThreshold

Ukufezekisa ukutsalwa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-electrolytic yegolide, iiseli ezikhethekileyo ze-electrolytic, izixhobo zokubonelela ngombane, izixhobo ze-electrode, njl., kufuneka zixhotyiswe. Iindleko zokuqala zotyalo-mali kwezi zixhobo ziphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo ebeka umqobo obalulekileyo kwamanye amashishini anezibonelelo zemali eziminxeneyo.

4.Imingcipheko yoKhuseleko enokwenzeka

Kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba i-cyanide - leaching isisombululo esikhulelweyo siyityhefu. Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-electrolysis, kwanempazamo encinci yokusebenza inokukhokelela kwiingozi ezimandundu zokhuseleko ezinje ngokuvuza kwecyanide, okubangela ingozi enkulu kubo bobabini abasebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo.

III. Imiba enempembelelo: Izinto eziphambili kwiMiba eMininzi

(I) Ukukhethwa kweMathiriyeli ye-Electrode

Ukusebenza kwemathiriyeli ye-cathode ibalulekile kwisiphumo sokubekwa kwegolide kunye nempumelelo yangoku, kufana nokhetho lweembaleki lwezihlangu zokubaleka. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ze-cathode ezifana nensimbi engenasici kunye ne-titanium zineenzuzo zabo kunye nokungalunganga kwaye kufuneka zikhethwe ngokucophelela ngokweemeko zangempela. Isixhobo se-anode kufuneka sibe ne-conductivity elungileyo yombane kunye nokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo. I-Titanium - i-electrode ye-platinum edibeneyo kunye neendlela ezifanayo zifanelekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwindawo enzima ye-electrolysis.

(II) Ukulawulwa kweeParamitha ze-Electrolysis

Iiparamitha ze-Electrolysis ezifana noxinaniso lwangoku, ixesha le-electrolysis, ubushushu, kunye nesantya esishukumisayo zifana ne "control knobs" yenkqubo ye-electrolysis. Uxinaniso lwangoku olufanelekileyo lunokukhawulezisa umyinge wokubekwa kwegolide, kodwa ukuba luphezulu kakhulu, ukusabela okusemacaleni kuya kwenzeka, kuncitshiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kwangoku. Ixesha le-electrolysis kufuneka ligqitywe ngokuchanekileyo ngokusekelwe kumxholo wegolide kwisisombululo esikhulelweyo kunye neemeko ze-electrolysis ukuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa kwegolide ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kunceda ukuchithwa kunye nokubekwa kwegolide, kodwa ukuba kuphezulu kakhulu, kuya kukhokelela ekunyukeni okubukhali kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokunyuka kwelahleko ye-volatilization ye-cyanide. Ukuvuselela okufanelekileyo kunokusasaza ngokulinganayo i-ion kwisisombululo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-electrolysis.

(III) Impembelelo yoKuqulunqwa kwesisombululo esikhulelweyo

Ngaphandle kwegolide ephambili - i-cyanide complex ion, ezinye ii-ion kwisisombululo esikhulelweyo nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegolide. Ukuba ugxininiso lwe CN^- iphantsi kakhulu, i-ion yegolide ye-cyanide inokwahlukana, echaphazela ukubekwa kwegolide. Ukuba ugxininiso lwe OH^- iphezulu kakhulu, iya kuthoba isantya sokuchithwa kwegolide. Iiyoni zokungcola kunokwenzeka ukuba zifake ngokukhethwayo kwi-cathode okanye zisabele ngegolide - i-cyanide complex ion, ephazamisana nenkqubela phambili yesiqhelo yokutsalwa kwegolide.

IV. Imizekelo yeSicelo: Ukubonakaliswa kweeMpumelelo kwiZenzo

Amava aMpumelelo kuMgodi weGolide weJiangxi Jinshan

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, uMgodi weGolide weJiangxi Jinshan uye wamkela ngokuthe gqolo inkqubo entsha yokuphumelela i-electrowinning yokutsalwa kwegolide. Lo mlinganiso awukhange wenze lula kuphela ukuhamba kwenkqubo kodwa ukwandise ngempumelelo ireyithi yokubuyisela igolide ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu elitsha. Kwangaxeshanye, ixabiso lemveliso yegolide liye lancitshiswa ngama-30% ukuya kuma-38%, nto leyo ezisa inzuzo enkulu kwezoqoqosho emgodini kwaye imisela umzekelo wokwazisa nokusetyenziswa kobu buchwepheshe.

Iinzame ezisebenzayo zoMgodi weGolide weZhuji

KwangoAprili 1988. Umgodi weGolide waseZhuji wasebenzisa ngokukhaliphile i-electrowinning ukukhupha ibullion kwicyanide - leached carbon slurry. Ngovavanyo olusebenzayo, kuye kwafikelelwa iziphumo ezihle, kwaza kwafunyanwa iingenelo ezininzi kwezoqoqosho, nto leyo enika amava abalulekileyo ereferensi koogxa bayo.

Itekhnoloji yokutsalwa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-electrolytic yegolide kwi-cyanide-i-leaching ekhulelweyo isisombululo, nangona ijongene nemiceli mngeni emininzi, ifaka amandla amatsha kuphuhliso loshishino lwemigodi yegolide kunye nezibonelelo zalo ezizodwa kunye namathemba osetyenziso olubanzi. Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nokuphuculwa, kukholelwa ukuba le teknoloji iya kuqaqamba ngakumbi kwintsimi yexesha elizayo yokukhutshwa kwegolide.