Ukutyhila iTekhnoloji yeNgcaciso ye-Electrolytic yeGolide kwiCyanide-Leaching Pregnant Solution

Phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhupha iGolide , ukukhupha igolide ngqo nge-electrolytic kwisisombululo se- cyanide -leaching pregnant kuvela njengendlela edumileyo kushishino lwezemigodi. Ngoku, makhe singene nzulu kule teknoloji ikhethekileyo nebalulekileyo.

I. UmGaqo oSisiseko: "Inguqu" yeGolide eqhutywa nguMbane wangoku

Isisombululo esikhulelweyo seCyanide, esiphakathi esibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokukhupha igolide, ikakhulu siqulathe igolide ngendlela ye-anion yegolide-cyanide complex Au(CN)_2^- . Nje ukuba umbane othe ngqo uqhagamshelwe, utshintsho oluphawulekayo luqala ngaphakathi kwiseli ye-electrolytic. Phantsi kwempembelelo yentsimi yombane, ii-anion zegolide-cyanide complex, njengeziqwenga ezinecala elicacileyo, ziya kwi-cathode nganye nganye. Xa zifika kumphezulu we-cathode, zifumana ii-electron ngokulula kwaye zenze i-reduction reaction. Le nkqubo ingachazwa ngokuchanekileyo yi-Electrode reaction formula: Au(CN)_2^-+e^- = Au + 2CN^- . Ii-ion zegolide "ziguqulwa" ngempumelelo zibe yigolide ye-elemental, ethi ihlale kancinci kwi-cathode, ngokungathi ibhala ibali lokuzalwa kwegolide. Okwangoku, kwi-anode, ii-ion ze-cyanide zilahlekelwa zii-electron kwaye zenze i-oxidation reaction, efana ne - 2CN^--2e^-=(CN)_2↠. Nangona kunjalo, le mpendulo ecaleni kufuneka ilawulwe ngononophelo kuyo yonke inkqubo ye-electrolysis ukuthintela nayiphi na impembelelo embi ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokukhupha kunye nokucoceka kwegolide.

II. Iimpawu zeNkqubo: Ukuhlalisana kwezinto eziluncedo kunye nemingeni

(I) Izinto eziluncedo eziphawulekayo

1.Inkqubo eHluliweyo yokuSebenza okuPhezulu

Iindlela zemveli zokukhupha igolide, ezifana nendlela yokutshintsha i-zinc-dust kunye nendlela yokungenisa i- Carbon esebenzayo , zihlala ziquka uthotho lweenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokwahlulahlula i-solid-liquid, ukutshintshwa kwe-zinc-dust, okanye inkqubo yokukhupha i-carbon esebenzayo kunye nokukhupha i-carbon. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukukhupha igolide ngokuthe ngqo nge-electrolytic kwenza le nkqubo ibe lula kakhulu. Akukho mfuneko yokuchitha ixesha elininzi kunye nomgudu kula manyathelo aphakathi, angagcini nje ngokugcina ixesha elixabisekileyo kodwa anciphisa notyalo-mali kwizixhobo, nto leyo eyenza inkqubo yokukhupha igolide ibe mfutshane kwaye isebenze kakuhle.

2.Isiqinisekiso soBuyiselo obuPhezulu

Ngenxa yomgaqo wayo okhethekileyo we-electrolysis, le teknoloji inokukhupha igolide kwi-cyanide - isisombululo esikhupha igolide ngokupheleleyo. Phantsi kweemeko zenkqubo ezilawulwa kakuhle, izinga lokuBuyiselwa kwegolide lidla ngokufikelela kwinqanaba elaneleyo. Umzekelo, emva kokuba iJiangxi Jinshan Gold Mine yamkele inkqubo entsha yokufumana igolide ngombane, izinga lokubuyisa igolide lilonke landa kakhulu, nto leyo ezisa iingenelo ezinkulu kwezoqoqosho kwishishini.

3.Ukuveliswa kweeMveliso eziPhezulu-ezicocekileyo

Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-electrolysis, ininzi yezinye ii-ion zetsimbi ezingcolileyo zikhutshwe ngokufanelekileyo ekufakeni kwi-cathode. Oku kubangela ukuba phezulu - igolide ecocekileyo, ukunciphisa kakhulu umthwalo weenkqubo zokucokisa ezilandelayo, ezinokubonwa njengento emibini - enye inzuzo.

4.Ukuphunyezwa kwemeko-bume eNxulumeneyo-Ingcinga enoBungane

Xa kuthelekiswa nemiba enokubakho yokusingqongileyo, njengongcoliseko olunzima lwesinyithi, olunxulunyaniswa ne-zinc - indlela yokutshintshwa kothuli, indlela ye-electrolysis ethe ngqo, xa ilawulwa ngokungqongqo, ihambelana nokusingqongileyo, inika indlela esebenzayo yophuhliso oluzinzileyo loshishino lwemigodi.

(II) Imingeni ekuhlangatyenwe nayo

1.IiMfuno eziNxinzeleleyo zoMgangatho weSisombululo saBakhulelweyo

I-Cyanide-isisombululo esikhulelweyo "sisixhobo esiluhlaza" sokukhutshwa kwegolide ye-electrolytic "umzamo," kwaye umgangatho wayo ubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhluka okuncinci kwiiparitha ezifana nomxholo wokungcola, ukugxininiswa kwegolide, kunye nexabiso le-pH kwisisombululo esikhulelweyo sinokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimpembelelo ye-electrolysis. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kwe-electrolysis, isisombululo esikhulelweyo kufuneka sinyanzeliswe ngokungqongqo kwaye sinyanzeliswe ngokucokisekileyo ukuze kususwe "izinto eziphazamisayo" ezifana nobhedu, i-zinc, isinyithi, kunye nezinye i-ion zetsimbi, kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo, ukuqinisekisa inkqubela phambili egudileyo yenkqubo ye-electrolysis.

2.Uxinzelelo lweNdleko ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu

Inkqubo ye-electrolysis yi-energy-intensive, idinga umthamo omkhulu wamandla ombane. Oku ngokungathandabuzekiyo kwandisa iindleko zemveliso. Kwimeko yangoku yokunyuka kwamaxabiso amandla, ukufumana iindlela zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuye kwaba yingxaki engxamisekileyo ukuba ilungiswe.

3.High - Utyalo-mali lweZixhobo zeThreshold

Ukufezekisa ukutsalwa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-electrolytic yegolide, iiseli ezikhethekileyo ze-electrolytic, izixhobo zokubonelela ngombane, izixhobo ze-electrode, njl., kufuneka zixhotyiswe. Iindleko zokuqala zotyalo-mali kwezi zixhobo ziphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo ebeka umqobo obalulekileyo kwamanye amashishini anezibonelelo zemali eziminxeneyo.

4.Imingcipheko yoKhuseleko enokwenzeka

Kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba i-cyanide - leaching isisombululo esikhulelweyo siyityhefu. Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-electrolysis, kwanempazamo encinci yokusebenza inokukhokelela kwiingozi ezimandundu zokhuseleko ezinje ngokuvuza kwecyanide, okubangela ingozi enkulu kubo bobabini abasebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo.

III. Imiba enempembelelo: Izinto eziphambili kwiMiba eMininzi

(I) Ukukhethwa kweMathiriyeli ye-Electrode

Ukusebenza kwemathiriyeli ye-cathode ibalulekile kwisiphumo sokubekwa kwegolide kunye nempumelelo yangoku, kufana nokhetho lweembaleki lwezihlangu zokubaleka. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ze-cathode ezifana nensimbi engenasici kunye ne-titanium zineenzuzo zabo kunye nokungalunganga kwaye kufuneka zikhethwe ngokucophelela ngokweemeko zangempela. Isixhobo se-anode kufuneka sibe ne-conductivity elungileyo yombane kunye nokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo. I-Titanium - i-electrode ye-platinum edibeneyo kunye neendlela ezifanayo zifanelekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwindawo enzima ye-electrolysis.

(II) Ukulawulwa kweeParamitha ze-Electrolysis

Iiparamitha ze-Electrolysis ezifana noxinaniso lwangoku, ixesha le-electrolysis, ubushushu, kunye nesantya esishukumisayo zifana ne "control knobs" yenkqubo ye-electrolysis. Uxinaniso lwangoku olufanelekileyo lunokukhawulezisa umyinge wokubekwa kwegolide, kodwa ukuba luphezulu kakhulu, ukusabela okusemacaleni kuya kwenzeka, kuncitshiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kwangoku. Ixesha le-electrolysis kufuneka ligqitywe ngokuchanekileyo ngokusekelwe kumxholo wegolide kwisisombululo esikhulelweyo kunye neemeko ze-electrolysis ukuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa kwegolide ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kunceda ukuchithwa kunye nokubekwa kwegolide, kodwa ukuba kuphezulu kakhulu, kuya kukhokelela ekunyukeni okubukhali kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokunyuka kwelahleko ye-volatilization ye-cyanide. Ukuvuselela okufanelekileyo kunokusasaza ngokulinganayo i-ion kwisisombululo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-electrolysis.

(III) Impembelelo yoKuqulunqwa kwesisombululo esikhulelweyo

Ngaphandle kwe-ion yegolide yokuqala-cyanide complex, ezinye ii-ion kwisisombululo esikhulelweyo nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokukhupha igolide. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwe- CN^- luphantsi kakhulu, i-ion yegolide-cyanide complex inokwahlukana, ichaphazele ukufakwa kwegolide. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwe- OH^- luphezulu kakhulu, luya kucothisa izinga lokunyibilika kwegolide. Ii-ion zokungcola zinokuthi zibekwe ngokukhethekileyo kwi-cathode okanye zisabele kwi-ion yegolide-cyanide complex, ziphazamise inkqubela eqhelekileyo yokukhupha igolide.

IV. Imizekelo yeSicelo: Ukubonakaliswa kweeMpumelelo kwiZenzo

Amava aMpumelelo kuMgodi weGolide weJiangxi Jinshan

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, uMgodi weGolide weJiangxi Jinshan uye wamkela ngokuthe gqolo inkqubo entsha yokuphumelela i-electrowinning yokutsalwa kwegolide. Lo mlinganiso awukhange wenze lula kuphela ukuhamba kwenkqubo kodwa ukwandise ngempumelelo ireyithi yokubuyisela igolide ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu elitsha. Kwangaxeshanye, ixabiso lemveliso yegolide liye lancitshiswa ngama-30% ukuya kuma-38%, nto leyo ezisa inzuzo enkulu kwezoqoqosho emgodini kwaye imisela umzekelo wokwazisa nokusetyenziswa kobu buchwepheshe.

Iinzame ezisebenzayo zoMgodi weGolide weZhuji

KwangoAprili 1988. Umgodi weGolide waseZhuji wasebenzisa ngokukhaliphile i-electrowinning ukukhupha ibullion kwicyanide - leached carbon slurry. Ngovavanyo olusebenzayo, kuye kwafikelelwa iziphumo ezihle, kwaza kwafunyanwa iingenelo ezininzi kwezoqoqosho, nto leyo enika amava abalulekileyo ereferensi koogxa bayo.

Itekhnoloji yokutsalwa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-electrolytic yegolide kwi-cyanide-i-leaching ekhulelweyo isisombululo, nangona ijongene nemiceli mngeni emininzi, ifaka amandla amatsha kuphuhliso loshishino lwemigodi yegolide kunye nezibonelelo zalo ezizodwa kunye namathemba osetyenziso olubanzi. Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nokuphuculwa, kukholelwa ukuba le teknoloji iya kuqaqamba ngakumbi kwintsimi yexesha elizayo yokukhutshwa kwegolide.