Eyona Nkqubo iPhambili yokuGutyuza iCyanidation Leaching kwiMigodi yeGolide

intshayelelo

I-Cyanidation leaching, ebisetyenziswa kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso ukususela ngo-1887, yiNkqubo yokuNcitshiswa kwezimbiwa esebenzisa izisombululo zeCyanide njengeearhente zokuNcitshiswa ukuze kukhutshwe igolide nesilivere kwigolide nakwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zesilivere. I-Agitation cyanidation leaching yenye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokuNcitshiswa kwezimbiwa, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lemigodi yegolide.

Umgaqo-siseko wokuLuleka kweCyanidation Leaching

I-Cyanide, efana ne -Sodium Cyanide (NaCN), yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation. I-Sodium cyanide yikristale engenambala necacileyo, idla ngokuba mdaka-mthubi ngenxa yokungcola. Inyibilika kakhulu emanzini, kwaye inyibilika emanzini angaphezu kwama-20%. Xa i-pH yesisombululo sayo samanzi i-acidified ukuya kwi-pH = 7, i-cyanide iphantse ibole ngokupheleleyo ibe yigesi ye-hydrogen cyanide eguquguqukayo, eyigesi engenambala neyityhefu kakhulu. Kwisisombululo, i-hydrogen cyanide yi-asidi ebuthathaka, kunzima ukuyi-ionisa, kwaye ayinampembelelo yokuvuza kwigolide nesilivere. Xa ixabiso le-pH liyi-12, i-cyanide kwisisombululo iphantse ihlukane ngokupheleleyo ibe yi-ions ye-cyanide. Ke ngoko, umsebenzi we-cyanidation kufuneka wenziwe kwindawo ye-alkaline.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, phambi kweoksijini, i-cyanidation leaching yegolide yinkqubo ye-electrochemical corrosion. I-Cyanide iphendula kunye negolide kwindawo yealkaline ngokuthatha inxaxheba kweoksijini, yenze iicomplexes zegolide ezinyibilikayo zegolide zecyanide, ngaloo ndlela ivumela ukunyibilika kwegolide kwintsimbi ekrwada.

Inkqubo yeAgitation Cyanidation Leaching

1. Ukulungiswa kokuLeaching kweMathiriyeli ekrwada

• Ukutyumza : I-ore yegolide eluhlaza eyombiweyo ifakwa kuqala kwi-crusher ukuze ityumze. Inkqubo yokutyumza yahlulwe yaba kukutyumza okurhabaxa, ukutyumza okuphakathi, kunye nokutyumza okucolekileyo. Ii-jaw crushers kunye nee-cone crushers zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukutyumza okurhabaxa nokuphakathi, ikakhulu ukuqhekeza iziqwenga ezinkulu ze-ore zibe ziisuntswana ezincinci, ngokubanzi zilawulwa ngobukhulu beesuntswana kwiisentimitha ezimbalwa. Ii-hammer crushers zisetyenziselwa ukutyumza okucolekileyo.

• Ukusila : I-ore etyumkileyo ingena kwi-ball mill ukuze isile ngakumbi ukuya kubukhulu obufanelekileyo be-particle. Ngokwesiqhelo, kufuneka ukuba ubungakanani be-ore particle bufikelele kwi--200 mesh ebalelwa kwi-60% - 90%, ukuze iiminerali zegolide zihlukane ngokupheleleyo. Ngokubanzi, ii-ball mills zohlobo lwe-lattice zisetyenziselwa ukusila okurhabaxa, kwaye ii-ball mills zohlobo lwe-overflow zisetyenziselwa ukusila okucolekileyo.

• Ukulungiswa kodaka : I-pulp ye-ore egayiweyo ingena kwitanki yokuxovula. Kongezwa amanzi afanelekileyo ukuze kulungiswe uxinaniso lwe-ore pulp, ngokubanzi ilawulwa kwi-30% - 50%. Kwangaxeshanye, kufakwa izilungisi ezifana nelayimu ukuze kulungiswe ixabiso le-pH ye-ore pulp ukuya kwi-10 - 11. Kudala imeko-bume ye-alkaline evumela ukutsalwa kwe-cyanidation kunye nokuthintela ukunyibilika kobunye ukungcola.

2. Agitation Cyanidation Leaching

• Ukongeza i-Leaching Reagent : Ii-Cyanide agents ezifana ne -sodium cyanide (NaCN) okanye i-potassium cyanide (KCN) zongezwa kwi-ore pulp elungisiweyo. Phantsi kweemeko ezixutyiweyo ngokupheleleyo, i-cyanide isabela ngokweekhemikhali kunye negolide ukuze yenze ii-complexes ze-gold cyanide ezinyibilikayo emanzini.

• Izixhobo Zokukhuhla : Inkqubo yokukhuhla idla ngokwenziwa kwiitanki ezininzi zokukhuhla ezidityaniswe ngothotho. Iitanki zokukhuhla zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezintathu ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxuba: iitanki zokukhuhla zomoya ezicinezelweyo, iitanki zokukhuhla zoomatshini, okanye iitanki zokukhuhla ezixutyiweyo.

• Iimeko zokuvuza : Uxinzelelo lweSodium cyanide kwi-ore pulp ludla ngokuba yi-0.02% - 0.1%. Ilayimu yongezwa ngexesha lokusebenza ukwenza i-ore pulp pH = 9 - 12. Umoya uzaliswa ukugcina umlinganiselo olungileyo phakathi koxinzelelo lwe-oxygen enyibilikisiweyo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-sodium cyanide kwi-ore pulp. Ixesha lokuvuza ngokubanzi liziiyure ezingama-24 - 48 ukuqinisekisa ukuba igolide inyibilikisiwe ngokupheleleyo.

3. Ukwahlula okuSolid-ulwelo kunye neWashing

• Ukwahlulwa kolwelo oluqinileyo : Emva kokukhuhla, i-ore pulp ifakwa kulwahlulo oluqinileyo ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana nezitshisi kunye nezihluzi ukuze kufunyanwe isisombululo esikhulelweyo esinegolide kunye nentsalela yokukhuhla. Izitshisi zisebenzisa umgaqo we-gravitational sedimentation ukwenza amasuntswana aqinileyo kwi-ore pulp ahlale ezantsi, kwaye i-supernatant sisisombululo esikhulelweyo esinegolide. Izihluzi zihluza ngakumbi ulwelo olungaphantsi kwe-thickener ukuphucula isiphumo sokwahlulwa kolwelo oluqinileyo.

• Ukuhlamba : Ukuze kufunyanwe ukwahlulwa okwaneleyo phakathi kwe-cyanide leachate kunye ne-leach residue, inkqubo yokuhlamba yamanqanaba ama-3 ukuya kwama-5 okuqina, ukuhluza, okanye indibaniselwano yezi zimbini isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Olu luphawu oluphambili lwe-cyanidation leaching. Indlela esetyenziswa kakhulu yindlela yokukhupha i-continuous countercurrent decantation method (indlela ye-CCD). Ii-thickeners ezisetyenziswa kule ndlela zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezine-single-layer kunye ne-multi-layer. Ii-cyanidation concentrators ezininzi eTshayina zisebenzisa ii-thickeners ezine-layer 2 ukuya kwe-3-layer zokwahlulahlula i-solid-liquid kunye ne-continuous countercurrent washing.

4. UkuBuyiswa kweGolide

• Indlela yokuFuduka koMpuphu weZinc : Umpuphu weZinc wongezwa kwisisombululo esikhulelweyo esinegolide. IZinc isabela kwi-gold cyanide complex kwi-displacement reaction, inciphisa igolide ibe yigolide yesinyithi kwaye iyibangele ukuba ingabi namanzi. Emva kokuhluzwa, kufunyanwa udaka lwegolide, kwaye udaka lwegolide luyanyibilikiswa kwiinkqubo ezifana nokunyibilika ukuze kufunyanwe igolide ekrwada.

• Indlela yokuNyusa iKhabhoni eSebenzayo : Ikhabhoni eSebenzayo yongezwa kwisisombululo esithwele igolide, kwaye i-gold cyanide complex ifunxwa yikhabhoni eSebenzayo. Emva koko, igolide ifunyanwa kwikhabhoni eSebenzayo ngeenkqubo ezifana nokukhutshelwa kunye nokuphumelela nge-electrowinning. Le ndlela inokwahlulwahlulwa ngakumbi ibe yindlela yekhabhoni-in-pulp (CIP) kunye nendlela yekhabhoni-in-leach (CIL).

• Inkqubo ye-CIP : Okokuqala, kwenziwa i-cyanidation leaching, emva koko i-activated carbon yongezwa kwi-ore pulp ukuze ifunxe igolide. Kwinkqubo ye-CIP, i-leaching kunye ne-adsorption zizinto ezimbini ezizimeleyo. Kwinkqubo ye-adsorption, inkqubo ye-leaching ngokusisiseko igqityiwe, kwaye ubungakanani, ubungakanani, kunye neemeko zokusebenza kweetanki ze-adsorption zimiselwa ziiparameter ze-adsorption.

• Inkqubo ye-CIL : Ikhabhoni esebenzayo yongezwa kwi-leaching tank, kwaye i-leaching kunye ne-adsorption zenziwa ngaxeshanye, oko kukuthi, i-leaching kunye ne-adsorption zenzeka ngaxeshanye. Kwinkqubo ye-CIL, imisebenzi ye-leaching kunye ne-adsorption yenziwa ngaxeshanye. Ngokubanzi, umsebenzi we-leaching ufuna ixesha elide kune-adsorption operation. Ke ngoko, ubungakanani, umoya, kunye ne-dosing yetanki zimiselwa ziiparamitha ze-leaching. Ekubeni izinga le-adsorption liyimisebenzi yoxinzelelo lwegolide enyibilikisiweyo kwisisombululo, ukuze kwandiswe uxinzelelo lwegolide enyibilikisiweyo kwiitanki ze-adsorption zangaphambili kwaye kwangaxeshanye kwandiswe ixesha le-leaching, izigaba ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 ze-pre-leaching zihlala zongezwa ngaphambi kwe-leaching kunye ne-adsorption.

5. Unyango lweTailings

Iintsalela emva kweGold Recovery zihlala ziqulathe ubungakanani obuthile be-cyanide eseleyo kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo. Kwiimfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, iintsalela kufuneka ziphathwe ngokufanelekileyo. Iindlela zonyango eziqhelekileyo ziquka iindlela ze-oxidation zamakhemikhali (ezifana ne-sulfur dioxide - indlela yomoya), ukubola kwendalo, okanye iindlela ze-biodegradation ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-cyanide eseleyo ukuya ngaphantsi komgangatho wesizwe kunye nokuthintela ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo. Iintsalela ezilungisiweyo zinokulahlwa ngokubeka okanye ngezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo.

isiphelo

Ukukhuhla i-cyanidation leaching yinkqubo ebalulekileyo ekukhuculweni kwegolide kwi-ore zegolide. Ngoluhlu lweenkqubo ezinje ngokulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukukhuhla i-agitation, ukwahlulwa kolwelo oluqinileyo, ukubuyiswa kwegolide, kunye nonyango lwe-tailings, igolide inokukhutshwa ngempumelelo kwi-ore zegolide. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobuthi be-cyanide, kwinkqubo yokusebenzisa i-Agitation Cyanidation Leaching , kufuneka kuqwalaselwe kakhulu imveliso yokhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lemigodi yegolide.