Iipropati kunye nezicelo zeSodium Cyanide, iKhemikhali enetyhefu ephezulu

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) yi-compound enetyhefu ephezulu edume ngokubulala kakhulu kwaye yahlukile Iimpawu zeMichiza. Eli nqaku lingena kwiimpawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ze Isodium cyanide kwaye iphonononga izicelo zayo ezahlukeneyo, ngelixa ikwaqaqambisa ukubaluleka kokhuseleko nolawulo lolawulo.

Iimpawu zePhysical and Chemical Properties

I-Sodium cyanide sisixhobo esimhlophe, esikristale esifana netyuwa yetafile ngembonakalo. Inyibilika kakhulu emanzini, yenza isisombululo esicacileyo nesingenambala ngokulula. Oku kunyibilika kunceda ekusasazeni kwayo ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezinamanzi, nto leyo ephucula amandla ayo okutyhefa. Ngomlinganiselo wokunyibilika we-563.7 °C kunye nomlinganiselo wokubila we-1496 °C, i-Sodium Cyanide ibonisa uzinzo oluphezulu lobushushu phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.

Ngokwekhemikhali, i-sodium cyanide iyasebenza kakhulu. Iyahlukana emanzini ukuze ikhuphe ii-ion ze-cyanide (CN-), ezibangela ubuthi bayo. Xa idibana nee-asidi, i-sodium cyanide isabela ngamandla ukuze ivelise i-hydrogen cyanide (HCN), igesi eguquguqukayo kakhulu neyityhefu kakhulu. Le mpendulo ibeka umngcipheko omkhulu, njengoko nokuba ziingxinano ze-asidi zinokubangela ukukhutshwa kwe-hydrogen cyanide ebulalayo. Ukongeza, i-sodium cyanide inokusabela kwiintsimbi ezahlukeneyo ukuze yenze ii-complexes ze-metal cyanide ezizinzileyo, uphawu olusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino.

Izicelo zeMizi-mveliso

Ngaphandle kwetyhefu egqithisileyo, i-sodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo amashishini. Esinye sezona zicelo zibalulekileyo ze-sodium cyanide kushishino lwemigodi, ngokukodwa kwi-extraction yegolide kunye nesilivere. Inkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cyanidation, ibandakanya ukunyibilika kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kwi-ores yazo kusetyenziswa isisombululo esixutywe nesodium cyanide. Iiyoni zecyanide zenza iicomplexes ezinyibilikayo ezinegolide nesilivere, zivumela ukwahlulwa kwazo kwi-ore matrix. Le ndlela isebenza kakhulu kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokukwazi ukukhupha isinyithi kwi-ores ye-low-grade ores, okwenza kube lula uqoqosho kwimisebenzi yemigodi emikhulu.

I-sodium cyanide iphinda ifumane isicelo kwishishini le-electroplating. Isetyenziswe njenge-agent eyinkimbinkimbi ukuzinzisa i-ion zetsimbi kwiibhafu ze-electroplating. Ngokwenza ii-complexes ezizinzile kunye nee-ion zetsimbi, i-sodium cyanide iqinisekisa idiphozithi yensimbi efanayo kunye ne-adherent kwi-substrate, okubangelwa iimveliso eziphezulu ze-electroplated. Esi sicelo sibaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso yobucwebe, iinxalenye zeemoto, kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki, apho kufuneka intsimbi egudileyo nehlala ixesha elide.

Kwishishini lemichiza, i-sodium cyanide isebenza njengeyona nto iphambili ekrwada yokudityaniswa kweekhompawundi ezahlukeneyo ze-organic kunye ne-inorganic. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza amayeza, amayeza okubulala izinambuzane, iidayi nezinye iikhemikhali. Ngokomzekelo, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-cyanohydrins, eyona nto ibalulekileyo phakathi kwemveliso yamachiza kunye ne-agrochemicals. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobutyhefu bayo, iiprothokholi eziqinileyo zokhuseleko kunye neenkqubo zokuphatha kufuneka zilandelwe xa usebenzisa i-sodium cyanide kwi-chemical synthesis.

Ukhuseleko kunye noLawulo loLawulo

Ngenxa yobutyhefu bayo obugqithisileyo, i-sodium cyanide iphantsi kolawulo olungqongqo kumazwe amaninzi. Ukuphathwa, ukugcinwa, kunye nokuthuthwa kwe-sodium cyanide kulawulwa ngokuqinileyo ukuthintela ukuvezwa ngengozi kunye nokungcoliswa kwendalo. Abasebenzi abaphatha i-sodium cyanide kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kwaye banxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela (PPE), kubandakanya iiglavu, izibuko, kunye neziphefumli. Kwimeko yokuchitheka okanye ukukhululwa, amanyathelo okuphendula ngokukhawuleza nafanelekileyo kufuneka athathwe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvezwa kunye nomonakalo wokusingqongileyo.

Ukuqukumbela, i-sodium cyanide yityhefu kakhulu kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu kwishishini elineempawu ezizodwa kunye neekhemikhali. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwimigodi, i-electroplating, kunye ne-chemical synthesis ibalaselisa ukubaluleka kwayo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-toxicity egqithisileyo ye-sodium cyanide ifuna amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko kunye nolawulo lokulawula ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwempilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Njengoko amashishini aqhubeka ethembele kwi-sodium cyanide, uphando oluqhubekayo kunye neenzame zophuhliso zijolise ekufumaneni ezinye iindlela ezikhuselekileyo kunye nokuphucula i-protocols zokhuseleko ukunciphisa ingozi ehambelana nokusetyenziswa kwayo.