Ukuphucula iiReyithi zokuBuyisa iGolide ngokuSebenzisa okuDityanisiweyo kweSodium Cyanide kunye nePotassium Bromide

intshayelelo

Kwishishini lemigodi nelokukhupha igolide, ukunyusa izinga lokubuyiswa kwegolide kwi-ore kubaluleke kakhulu. Enye indlela ebonakalise ithemba kukusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kweSodium cyanide kunye nePotassium bromide . Le posi yebhlog iza kuhlola indlela olu didiyelo olusebenza ngayo kunye neenzuzo zalo ekuphuculeni ukubuyiswa kweGolide.

Indima yeSodium Cyanide kwi-Gold Extraction

I-sodium cyanide ibisoloko iyinto ephambili kwinkqubo yokukhupha iGolide . Indlela ye-cyanidation, eqala ngo-1887 xa yaqala ukusetyenziswa ekukhupheni igolide nesilivere, isasebenza njengeyona ndlela iphambili kushishino lwegolide lwehlabathi. Le nkqubo ilula kakhulu. Kwi-ore zegolide ezikumgangatho ophantsi, i-ore iqale icolwe ibe nkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze yandise indawo yayo engaphezulu, incedise ekuphenduleni ngesisombululo se-cyanide. Emva koko, isisombululo se-cyanide (ngesiqhelo iSodium Cyanide enyibilikiswe emanzini) singeniswa. Xa kukho ioksijini, igolide kwi-ore isabela kunye nee-ion ze-cyanide ukwenza ii-complex ze-cyanide zegolide ezinyibilikayo. Impendulo yekhemikhali elula yile: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na(Au(CN)₂) + 4NaOH. Oku kuvumela igolide ukuba ichithwe kwaye yahlulwe kwi-matrix ye-ore. I-sodium cyanide inomdla ophezulu kwigolide, okwenza ukuba ikwazi ukunyibilikisa igolide kwi-ore ngokukhetha, nokuba umxholo wegolide uphantsi. Olu khetho lubalulekile kuba luvumela ukutsalwa kwegolide kwiintsimbi apho ezinye izimbiwa zinokubakho ngobuninzi obukhulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwentsimbi, i-cyanidation ene- sodium cyanide inokufikelela kumazinga aphezulu okubuyiswa kwegolide, ahlala ephakathi kwe-50 - 80%, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, afikelela kwi-90%.

Umsebenzi wePotassium Bromide

I-Potassium bromide nayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegolide. I-Bromide-based based extraction yegolide yinkqubo ethembisayo efundwe ngokubanzi. Ukusebenzisa ibromidi njengebambela okanye isixhasi kwinkqubo yokutsalwa kwegolide kuneengenelo ezininzi. Ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, inomlinganiselo ophezulu wokuvuza (ukususela kuma-90 ukuya kuma-95% kwezinye iimeko), isantya esikhawulezayo sokuvuza, ayinakudleka kwindawo efanelekileyo, kwaye ayinakuba netyhefu kumanqanaba asezantsi. Xa isetyenziswe ngokudibeneyo nezinye ii-reagents, inokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegolide.

I-Synergy yeSodium Cyanide kunye nePotassium Bromide

Xa i-sodium cyanide kunye ne-potassium bromide zisetyenziselwa i-tandem, zinokwenza umphumo we-synergistic. Iiyoni zebromidi ezivela kwi-potassium bromide zinokusebenzisana negolide-cyanide complexes eyenziwe yi-sodium cyanide. Oku kusebenzisana kunokukhokelela ekubunjweni kwee-complexes ezizinzileyo okanye ezixubileyo, ezinokuthi zinyuse ukunyibilika kwegolide kwisisombululo. Umzekelo, ii-ion zebromidi zinokuthatha inxaxheba kwimpendulo eguqula ubume begolide - icyanide complex, yenze kube lula ukuba igolide iqhutyelwe phambili kwaye yahlulwe kwisisombululo. Ukongeza, ubukho bebromide bunokuchaphazela iipropathi zomphezulu zamasuntswana egolide kwi-ore. Kunganceda ukwaphula naziphi na izinto zokugquma komhlaba okanye ukungcola kumasuntswana egolide, ukuvumela iiyoni zecyanide ezivela kwisodium cyanide zibe nofikelelo olungcono kumphezulu wegolide, ngaloo ndlela ikhuthaza ukunyibilika kwegolide.

Izifundo kunye neziphumo

Izifundo ezininzi kunye nezicelo ezibonakalayo zibonise ukusebenza kolu kudibanisa. Kwezinye iiseti zovavanyo, xa kunyangwa ores zegolide ngesisombululo esidityanisiweyo sesodium cyanide kunye ne-potassium bromide, amaxabiso okubuyisela igolide ayephezulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide yodwa. Ngokomzekelo, kuphononongo oluthile, izinga lokubuyisela igolide linyuke ukusuka malunga ne-70% xa kusetyenziswa kuphela i-sodium cyanide ukuya ngaphezu kwe-85% xa i-potassium bromide yongezwa kwinkqubo. Ngokwenyani - imisebenzi yemigodi yehlabathi, ezinye imigodi eyamnkele usetyenziso oludityanisiweyo lwezi zixhobo zimbini zinike ingxelo ephuculweyo 经济效益. Baye bakwazi ukukhupha igolide eninzi kwixabiso elifanayo le-ore, elingagcini nje ukunyusa ixabiso lobutyebi kodwa linyusa inzuzo yokusebenza kwemigodi.

Iingqwalasela zokusiNgqongileyo noKhuseleko

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba zombini i-sodium cyanide kunye ne-potassium bromide kufuneka ziphathwe ngononophelo. I-sodium cyanide yinto enetyhefu kakhulu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokuthutha kuxhomekeke kwimimiselo engqongqo. Naziphi na izisombululo zenkunkuma ezinesodium cyanide kufuneka ziphathwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuthintela ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo. Unyango lwe-hydrogen peroxide, umzekelo, lunokusetyenziswa ukwenza i-oxidize kunye nokunciphisa i-sodium cyanide kulwelo lwenkunkuma, ukuvelisa i-sodium bicarbonate kunye negesi ye-ammonia. I-Potassium bromide, ngelixa ngokuqhelekileyo ayinayo ityhefu kune-sodium cyanide, ifuna ukuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwindawo yokusebenza. Xa usebenzisa indibaniselwano yezi zixhobo zimbini, iinkampani zemigodi kufuneka ziphumeze imigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko kunye nezenzo zolawulo lokusingqongileyo ukunciphisa umngcipheko.

isiphelo

Ukusetyenziswa okudityanisiweyo kwe-sodium cyanide kunye ne-potassium bromide kunika indlela ethembisayo yokuphucula amazinga okubuyisela igolide. Ngokuqonda ukusebenzisana kweekhemikhali phakathi kwezi zixhobo zimbini kunye nemisebenzi yazo nganye kwinkqubo yokutsalwa kwegolide, iinkampani zemigodi zinokwandisa iindlela zazo zokukhupha. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukulungelelanisa iinzuzo ezinokubakho kunye namanyathelo angqongqo okusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko. Njengoko imfuno yegolide iqhubeleka nokukhula kwaye nediphozithi zegolide zodidi oluphezulu zinqongophala, iindlela ezintsha ezifana nale ndibaniselwano ziya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lemigodi yegolide.