Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuQala okutsha kweTekhnoloji yeSodium Cyanide kwiSimbi seGold Ore

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN), njengesona sixhobo siphambili sokutsalwa kwegolide, ilawule ishishini lemigodi yegolide kwihlabathi ngenxa yeempawu zayo zokunyibilikisa igolide ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokunyuka kweemfuno zokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, indlela yesithethe ye-cyanidation ijongene nemingeni emininzi ngokweendleko, ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza. Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya ngokunzulu indlela yesicelo se Isodium cyanide in Ukutsalwa kwentsimbi yegolide kwaye uphonononge iinguqulelo ezintsha zetekhnoloji eziqhube inguqu kushishino kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

I. Imigaqo engundoqo kunye neSimo seSicelo sangoku seNdlela yeCyanidation

1. I-Chemical Dissolution Mechanism

Isodium cyanide inyibilikisa igolide ngokusabela kulandelayo:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4NaAu(CN)₂ + 4NaOH

Oku kusabela kwenzeka kwindawo ye-alkaline (pH 10-11), kwaye ukunikezelwa kwe-oksijini okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe imeko ye-oxidation yegolide. Nangona izinga lokubuyiswa kwegolide lendlela yecyanidation iphezulu ngaphezu kwama-90%, ubutyhefu bayo kunye nemingcipheko yokusingqongileyo iye yabangela ukuba ishishini lifune uphuculo.

2. Izalathiso zokuPhucula iTekhnoloji

• Inkqubo yeCyanide yoxinaniso oluphantsi: Ukunciphisa i-cyanide concentration esuka kwi-0.1% ukuya kwi-0.01% -0.03%, enokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagents kunye nomngcipheko wokuvuza;

• Ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokuSebenzayo kweLeaching: Ukulungisa i-ores nge-ultrasonic okanye iteknoloji ye-microwave, okanye ukongeza i-catalysts (ezifana neetyuwa ezikhokelayo) ukukhawulezisa ukusabela;

• Isixokelelwano sokujikeleza esivaliweyo: Ukuzuza umlinganiselo wokurisayikilisha ongaphezulu kwama-95% kwisisombululo secyanide kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo.

II. Imingeni yeTekhnoloji ejongene neCyanidation Method

1. Ukuntsokotha kweOre

• I-Refractory Ores: I-ores ye-sulfide equkethe i-arsenic kunye ne-sulfure idinga i-oxidation yangaphambili (efana nokutshisa okanye i-oxidation yoxinzelelo), ukwandisa iindleko;

• Ukuphazanyiswa kobumdaka: I-ion zensimbi ezifana nobhedu kunye nentsimbi zisebenzisa i-cyanide, ekhokelela kwi-30% -50% yokwanda kwe-dosage ye-reagents.

2. Uxinzelelo lweNdalo kunye noKhuseleko

• Umngcipheko wokuvuza kweCyanide: Ngokwe-avareji, kukho malunga nama-20 eengozi zokuvuza kwecyanide kwihlabathi jikelele ngonyaka, ezisongela imithombo yamanzi kunye ne-ecosystem;

• Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunyango lwangaphambili: Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kweenkqubo ze-oxidation zendabuko kubalela ngaphezu kwe-40% yeendleko zizonke.

III. Ubutsha beTekhnoloji: Ukusuka kwiiNkqubo zeMveli ukuya kwiiNkqubo zoHlaza

1. Ukuphumelela kwiiTekhnoloji zokuLeaching ngaphandle kweCyanide

• Indlela ye-Thiourea Leaching: Ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-thiourea eneasidi (pH 1.5-2.5) ukunyibilikisa igolide, kunye nefomula yokusabela:

Au + 2CS(NH₂)₂ + Fe³⁺ → Au[CS(NH₂)₂]₂⁺ + Fe²⁺

Izinto eziluncedo: I-non-toxic, ilungele i-ores ene-oxidized ephantsi;

Unyino: Iimeko ze-asidi zinokuthi zidle izixhobo, kwaye ixabiso li-15% -20% ngaphezulu kunendlela ye-cyanidation.

• Indlela yeBromination Leaching: Ukwamkela inkqubo ye-bromide ye-sodium / i-potassium bromate, kunye nesantya sokubuyisela igolide ukuya kwi-92%, kwaye izinga le-leaching liphindwe kabini ngokukhawuleza kunendlela ye-cyanidation.

2. I-Biological Leaching kunye ne-Nanotechnology

• Unyango lweMicrobial: Ukusebenzisa i-Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ukubola i-ores ye-sulfide, ukukhulula igolide kwi-encapsulation yamaminerali kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-pre-oxidation ngama-30%;

• I-Adsorption yi-Nanomaterials: I-Graphene oxide inokukhetha ukufunxa i-Au(CN)₂⁻, enomthamo wokufunxa ofikelela kwi-500 mg/g, ophindwe kathathu kunalowo usebenzayo. ICarbon.

3. Ukuphuculwa kweDijithali kunye noBukrelekrele

• Uqikelelo lokuNxibelela koLudaka yi-AI: Ukuphucula ugxininiso lwe-slurry ngokusebenzisa imodeli yokufunda ngomatshini, ukunciphisa inkunkuma ye-cyanide nge-10% -15%;

• Ukulandeleka ngeBlockchain: Ukurekhoda yonke idatha yomjikelo wobomi be-cyanide ukunyusa ukubekwa elubala kolongamelo.

IV. Iimeko eziqhelekileyo kunye neZenzo zoShishino

1. Inkampani yaseNewmont eCanada

• Innovation: Ukwamkela itekhnoloji "I-Biological Leaching + ukwahlukana kwe-membrane" ukunyanga ores orefractory;

• impumelelo: Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide ngama-60% kunye nokunyusa izinga lokubuyisela igolide ukuya kuma-94%.

2. Iqela leZijin Mining eChina

• Technology: Ukuphuhlisa ngokuzimeleyo "i-cyanide ephantsi kunye ne-high-efficiency leaching agent yegolide", ukunciphisa umthamo we-cyanide ngama-40%;

• isicelo: Ukuyithengisa kumgodi wegolide othile eGuizhou, ukonga ngaphezulu kwe-20 yezigidi zeeyuan kwiindleko ngonyaka.

V. Imizila yekamva kunye namaThemba

1. Ukulawulwa kweeNkqubo zoHlaza: Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2030. ubugcisa be-cyanide-free leaching buya kuba ne-30% yesabelo semarike;

2. IMigodi ekrelekrele: I-AI kunye ne-Intanethi yezinto (i-IoT) iya kwenza ukubeka iliso ngexesha langempela kuyo yonke inkqubo, ukunciphisa izinga lengozi nge-80%;

3. Umzekelo woQoqosho oluSetyhula: Ukunyusa izinga lokubuyisela icyanide ukusuka kwi-60% ukuya kuma-90% yangoku, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemveliso eziphuma ngaphandle (ezifana ne-ammonium sulfate) ekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha.

isiphelo

Ukusetyenziswa kwe sodium cyanide ekutsalweni kwegolide ekrwada kwenzeka utshintsho ukusuka "kungcoliseko oluphezulu" ukuya kwindlela "yeteknoloji ephezulu". Nangona indlela ye-cyanidation isaza kulawula kwixesha elifutshane, ukuphumelela kwe-cyanide-free leaching, ubunjineli bebhayoloji, kunye nobuchwepheshe bedijithali bubonisa ukuba imigodi yegolide iya kungena kwixesha elitsha elikhuselekileyo, elisebenzayo, nelizinzileyo. Kwixesha elizayo, impembelelo ye-synergistic ye-technology innovation kunye nesikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo siya kubumba ngokutsha isimo soshishino, siphumeze imeko yokuphumelela phakathi kweenzuzo zoqoqosho kunye nokhuseleko lwendalo.