IMimiselo yoRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lweSodium Cyanide: Ukuqonda iiMfuno zokuThobela kumazwe ahlukeneyo

intshayelelo

I-Sodium cyanide , ikhemikhali enobungozi kakhulu, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zoshishino ezifana nokumbiwa kwegolide, ukufakelwa kwe-electroplating, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezisongelo zayo ezinkulu kwimpilo yabantu nakwindalo esingqongileyo, amazwe kwihlabathi liphela asebenzise imigaqo engqongqo neneenkcukacha kwiRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lweSodium Cyanide . Ukuqonda le mithetho ayisiyiyo nje kuphela isitshixo sokuqinisekisa inkqubela phambili ethe tye yorhwebo kodwa ikwayimfuneko engenakuphepheka yokugcina ukhuseleko lwendalo lwehlabathi kunye nentlalo-ntle yoluntu.

Iimpawu zeSodium Cyanide kunye nesishwankathelo soMngcipheko woRhwebo

I-sodium cyanide yi-crystalline granule okanye umgubo omhlophe, onyibilika lula emanzini, onevumba elibi le-almond. Iyingozi kakhulu. Ukuphefumla, ukuginya, okanye ukudibana nolusu kancinci ngabantu kunokuba yingozi, kwaye kunokubangela ungcoliseko olungenakuguqulwa emhlabeni nakwimithombo yamanzi kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ukuba ukupakisha akulunganga, ukuthutha akukho mthethweni, okanye indawo yokugcina inempazamo, xa kukho ukuvuza, kuya kubangela imiphumo emibi. Esi sisizathu esibalulekileyo sokuba amazwe abeke ukubaluleka okukhulu ekujongeni urhwebo lwe- sodium cyanide.

IiMfuneko zokuThobela kuMazwe amakhulu nakwiMimandla

eunited States

I-United States inenkqubo entsonkothileyo nengqongqo yokulawula ukungeniswa kwe -Sodium cyanide . Abangenisi kufuneka baqale baxele ukungeniswa kweekhemikhali ezifanelekileyo kwi-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) kwaye bathobele imiqathango yoMthetho woLawulo lweeTyhefu (TSCA), banike ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ngemveliso, kubandakanya ukwakheka, ukusetyenziswa, inkqubo yokuvelisa, njl. Kwikhonkco lokuthutha, kufuneka ithobele imigaqo yokuthutha izinto eziyingozi eyenziwe yi-US Department of Transportation (DOT). Kukho imigangatho ecacileyo yezinto zokupakisha, iileyibhile zokumakisha, kunye neeMfuno ezikhethekileyo zezithuthi zokuthutha. Ngokuphathelele indawo yokugcina impahla, i-sodium cyanide kufuneka igcinwe kwiindawo eziyilwe ngokukodwa ezihlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko kwaye iphantsi kokuhlolwa rhoqo. Ukongeza, abangenisi kufuneka bamisele isicwangciso esipheleleyo sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza ukujongana nokuvuza okunokwenzeka, iingozi, kunye nezinye iimeko.

udibano lwaseyurophu

I-European Union ibambelela kumgaqo odibeneyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu kwimimiselo yorhwebo ye-sodium cyanide. Ngokwemigaqo yolawulo lweekhemikhali ze-EU (REACH), amashishini athumela i-sodium cyanide kwi-EU kufuneka agqibe inkqubo yokubhalisa kwangaphambili kwaye abonelele ngephepha ledatha yokhuseleko lwekhemikhali ebanzi (SDS), egubungela iipropati zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, idatha ye-toxicological, uvavanyo lwempembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nolunye ulwazi. Ngokuphathelele kwezothutho, landela iSivumelwano saseYurophu malunga nokuThuthwa kweeMpahla eziDangerous by Road (ADR). Kukho izithintelo ezingqongqo kwizithuthi zothutho, iziqinisekiso zokuqhuba, kunye nokucwangciswa kwendlela yothutho. Amazwe e-EU aneenkqubo zokuvunywa ngokungqongqo zokwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza kweendawo zokugcina i-sodium cyanide, ezifuna amanyathelo amaninzi okukhusela ukukhusela ukuvuza kunye nokungcola kwendalo. Kwangaxeshanye, i-EU ikhuthaza amashishini ukuba athathe ezinye iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zokunciphisa iingozi eziziswa kusetyenziso lwesodium cyanide.

iTshayina

Njengomvelisi ophambili kunye nomsebenzisi we-sodium cyanide, i-China ikwaphumeza ukubeka iliso elingqongqo kurhwebo lwayo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukungenisa i-sodium cyanide kufuna ukufaka izicelo zeemvume ezivela kumasebe amaninzi afana namasiko kunye nesebe lolawulo olungxamisekileyo, ukubonelela ngeziqinisekiso zezoshishino ezicacileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso, amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye namanye amaxwebhu. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuthutha, sebenzisa ngokungqongqo "Imigaqo yoLawulo loKhuseleko lweMichiza enobungozi." Amashishini ezothutho kufuneka abe neziqinisekiso zemfundo, kwaye izithuthi zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo eziyimfuneko zokulahla ngexesha likaxakeka kunye neempawu ezilumkisayo. Izibonelelo zokugcina kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yokuvelisa ukhuseleko lwelizwe, ukuphumeza umntu-mbini, inkqubo yokulawula i-lock-lock, kunye nokurekhoda ngokuchanekileyo ukungena kunye nokuphuma kwe-sodium cyanide. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, amashishini kufuneka ahambelane neemfuno zolawulo lwelizwe elingenisayo kwaye athobele imimiselo efanelekileyo yokulawula ukuthumela ngaphandle kweTshayina ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba okusemthethweni nokukhuselekileyo kwe-sodium cyanide.

Amanye amazwe kunye neeNgingqi

I-Japan isebenzisa inkqubo yelayisenisi engqongqo yokungeniswa kwe-sodium cyanide, efuna abathumeli bangaphandle ukuba babonise ukuba banokugcinwa okufanelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokukwazi ukulahla, kwaye kwangaxeshanye balandele inkqubo engqongqo yovavanyo lwempembelelo yokusingqongileyo. I-Australia, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ilawula urhwebo lwe-sodium cyanide ngokuhambelana ne-Industrial Chemicals Act (Import and Export) Act. Kwizothutho, ukugcinwa, kunye neminye imiba, igxininisa ukulungelelaniswa neenkqubo ezingcono zamazwe ngamazwe zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko. Ngenxa yokungafani kweziseko zophuhliso kunye namandla okulawula, iimfuno zorhwebo ze-sodium cyanide kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika nazo ziyahluka, kodwa ngokubanzi, iinzame zokulawula ziqiniswa ngokuthe ngcembe ukulawula imingcipheko evela kumthombo.

Ukuchasana nemilinganiselo kunye neeNgcebiso

Kumashishini abandakanyeka kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwe-sodium cyanide, uphando olunzulu kwimimiselo yemarike ekujoliswe kuyo ngumsebenzi ophambili. Basenokwenza iqela lemicimbi yolawulo lobuchwephesha okanye bathembele kwii-arhente zokubonisana zangaphandle. Ukuseka inkqubo epheleleyo yolawulo lomgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amakhonkco ukusuka ekuthengeni, kwimveliso ukuya kwezothutho kunye nokuhanjiswa kuhambelana neemfuno zolawulo. Ukomeleza uqeqesho lwabasebenzi ukomeleza ulwazi ngokhuseleko kunye nezakhono zokusebenza kunye nokunciphisa imingcipheko ebangelwa ziimpazamo zabantu. Kwangaxeshanye, phonononga ngenkuthalo kwaye samkele ubugcisa obukhuselekileyo nobunobuhlobo ngakumbi kokusingqongileyo kunye nezinye iindlela, ezihambelana nentsingiselo yophuhliso lohlaza lwehlabathi, kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimichiza eyingozi kakhulu.

isiphelo

Imithetho yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ye-sodium cyanide ingqongqo kwaye yahlukahlukene kwihlabathi liphela. Amazwe aqulunqe iimfuno ezineenkcukacha zokuthobela imithetho ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zawo zesizwe kunye nokuqwalaselwa kokhuseleko. Kuphela kukuqonda ngokupheleleyo nokulandela ngokungqongqo le mithetho apho amashishini orhwebo anokufikelela kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lorhwebo lwe-sodium cyanide ngelixa eqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwaye ekhusela ngokudibeneyo okusingqongileyo kwehlabathi kunye nobomi kunye nempilo yabantu.