Iindlela kunye neeNkqubo zokuSusa i-Cyanide kwi-Sulfide Mineral Surfaces

intshayelelo

Kwiinkqubo zokuhluza kunye nokunyibilikisa ii-ore ze-sulfide zesinyithi ezingenayo i-ferrous, i-Cyanide idla ngokusetyenziswa ukwandisa amazinga okubuyisa isinyithi. Nangona kunjalo, i- cyanide eseleyo kumphezulu wee-ore ze-sulfide ayinayo nje kuphela impembelelo embi ekuhambeni kweenkqubo ezilandelayo kodwa ikwabangela iingxaki ezinkulu zokusingqongileyo. Ke ngoko, uphuhliso lweendlela ezisebenzayo nezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo zokususa i-cyanide kumphezulu wee-ore ze-sulfide lubaluleke kakhulu.

Imeko yangoku kunye neeNgozi zeCyanide Residue kwiSulfide Mineral Surfaces

Imeko yangoku

Kwinkqubo yemveli yokujikeleza ye-sulfide ores, i-cyanide isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njenge-inhibitor. Inokuthintela ngokukhetha iiminerali ezithile ezingafunwayo kwi-ores yesulfide, ngaloo ndlela ifezekise ukwahlulwa kweeminerali ekujoliswe kuzo kwiiminerali ze-ganggue. Kodwa emva kokujikeleza, isixa esikhulu se-cyanide siya kubhengeza kumphezulu we-sulfide ores. Ngokutsho kophando olufanelekileyo, kwezinye ii-concentrators, umxholo we-cyanide kumphezulu we-sulfide ore ugxininisa emva kokuba i-flotation ingaba phezulu kwii-milligrams ezilikhulu ngekhilogram.

Iingozi

Ukususela kumbono wezobuchwepheshe, i-cyanide eseleyo iya kuphazamisa inkqubo yokunyibilika okulandelayo. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lokunyibilika kwe-copper sulfide ores, i-cyanide iya kwenza ii-complexes ezinobhedu, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kobhedu kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ngokwembono yokusingqongileyo, i-cyanide yinto enetyhefu kakhulu. Xa iintsalela zamanzi amdaka aqulathe icyanide zikhutshelwa kwindalo esingqongileyo, ziya kungcolisa imizimba yamanzi nomhlaba, zibeke emngciphekweni izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini kunye nezityalo eziwangqongileyo, kwaye zide zibe sisoyikiso kwimpilo yabantu ngekhonkco lokutya.

Iindlela zokuSusa i-Cyanide kwi-Sulfide Mineral Surfaces

Indlela ye-Oxidation

1.I-Chemical Oxidation Method

• Umgaqo: Sebenzisa ii-oxidants ezinamandla ukuze udibanise i-cyanide ibe zizinto ezingenabungozi okanye ezingenabungozi. Ii-oxidants eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), i-sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), njl. Xa sithatha i-hydrogen peroxide njengomzekelo, i-reaction equation yayo yile: (2CN+5H2O2 = 2HCO3 + N2↑+4H2O).

• Inkqubo Yokusebenza : Okokuqala, beka i-pulp ye-sulfide ore equlethe i-cyanide kwi-reaction tank kwaye ulungise ixabiso le-pH ye-pulp ukuya kuluhlu olufanelekileyo (ngokubanzi, kwi-hydrogen peroxide oxidation, ixabiso le-pH lingcono phakathi kwe-9 - 11). Emva koko, yongeza kancinci isisombululo se-hydrogen peroxide ngelixa uvuselela ukuze i-oxidant iqhagamshelane ngokupheleleyo kwaye isabela kwi-pulp. Ixesha lokuphendula lidla ngokuba phakathi kweyure eyi-1 ukuya kweye-3, kwaye ixesha elithile lixhomekeke kuxinzelelo lwe-cyanide kwi-pulp kunye neempawu ze-ore.

• Iingenelo : Isantya sokusabela sikhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye isiphumo sokususa i-cyanide silungile, nto leyo enokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-cyanide ukuya kwinqanaba eliphantsi.

• Iingxaki : Ii-oxidants ezifana ne-hydrogen peroxide zibiza kakhulu, kwaye ii-oxidants ezigqithisileyo zinokuba nefuthe kwiinkqubo zokunyibilikisa okanye zokunyibilikisa ezilandela emva koko.

Indlela yeAdsorption

1.I-Activated Carbon Adsorption Indlela

• Umgaqo : I-Activated Carbon inendawo enkulu ethile kunye nezakhiwo ze-pore ezityebileyo, ezinokufunxa i-cyanide kumphezulu wayo ngokufunxa ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweekhemikhali.

• Inkqubo Yokusebenza : Yongeza i-Activated Carbon kwi-pulp ye-sulfide ore equlethe i-cyanide kwaye uxube kakuhle ukuze i-activated carbon iqhagamshelane ngokupheleleyo ne-cyanide kwi-pulp. Ixesha lokufunxa lidla ngokuba yimizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwiiyure ezi-2. Emva kokufunxa, yahlula i-activated carbon kwi-pulp ngokuyihluza okanye ngezinye iindlela.

• Iingenelo : Lo msebenzi ulula, kwaye unefuthe elihle lokufunxa i-cyanide enoxinzelelo oluphantsi. I-activated carbon inokuhlaziywa kwaye isetyenziswe kwakhona.

• Iingxaki : Kwi-cyanide enomlinganiselo ophezulu, amandla okufunxa ayancipha, kwaye ukuphathwa kakubi kwekhabhoni evuselelweyo evuselelweyo kuya kubangela ungcoliseko lwesibini.

2.Ion - Exchange Resin Adsorption Indlela

• Umgaqo : Ii-ion - exchange resins ziqulathe amaqela athile asebenzayo anokutshintshana nee-ions ezikwi-cyanide, ngaloo ndlela zifunxa i-cyanide kwi-resin.

• Inkqubo Yokusebenza : Layisha i-ion-exchange resin kwikholamu yokutshintshiselana kwaye wenze i-sulfide ore pulp equlethe i-cyanide idlule kwikholamu yokutshintshiselana. Lawula izinga lokuhamba kwe-pulp ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-cyanide itshintshiselana ngokupheleleyo ne-resin. Xa i-resin igcwele i-adsorption, sebenzisa i-eluent ethile ukuze uyikhuphe kwaye uyivuselele kwakhona i-resin.

• Iingenelo : Inokukhetha okuphezulu kokufunxa i-cyanide kwaye inokuphumeza ukusebenza okuqhubekayo.

• Iingxaki : Ixabiso le-resin liphezulu, inkqubo yokucoca iyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye ulwelo olune-cyanide olune-elution waste lunokuveliswa.

Ezinye iindlela

I-1.I-Acid - Indlela ye-Base Neutralization

• Umgaqo : Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, i-cyanide iya kudlula kwiimpendulo ze-hydrolysis kwiindawo ezine-asidi okanye ze-alkaline ukuze ivelise izinto ezinobuthi obuncinci okanye ezingebuthi. Umzekelo, kwimeko ene-asidi, i-cyanide iya kusabela kunye nee-ion ze-hydrogen ukuze yenze i-hydrocyanic acid (HCN), enokususwa ngokukhuhlana; kwimeko ene-alkaline, i-cyanide iyanyibilika ukuze yenze i-cyanate kunye nezinye izinto.

• Inkqubo Yokusebenza : Ukuba i-acidic hydrolysis iyamkelwa, yongeza kancinci izisombululo ze-acid ezifana ne-dilute sulfuric acid kwi-sulfide ore pulp equlethe i-cyanide, lungisa ixabiso le-pH ukuya kwi-2 - 4. uze emva koko uphefumle umoya ukuze i-hydrocyanic acid evelisiweyo inyibilike. Ukuba i-alkaline hydrolysis iyamkelwa, yongeza izinto ze-alkaline ezifana ne-sodium hydroxide, lungisa ixabiso le-pH ukuya kwi-10 - 12. kwaye uphendule ixesha elithile (ngokubanzi iiyure ezi-2 - 4).

• Iingenelo : Ixabiso liphantsi kakhulu, kwaye umsebenzi ulula kakhulu.

• Iingxaki : I-hydrocyanic acid eveliswa ngexesha le-acidic hydrolysis inobungozi kakhulu kwaye ifuna amanyathelo okukhusela angqongqo; isantya sokusabela kwe-alkaline hydrolysis sicotha, kwaye kusenokubakho inani elincinci le-cyanide residue emva konyango.

Uyilo lweNkqubo yokuHamba yokususa iCyanide kuMphezulu weMineral yeSulfidi

Inqanaba loNyango lwangaphambili

1. Uhlengahlengiso lwePulp : Lungisa uxinzelelo lwepulp ye-sulfide ore emva kokuntywila. Ngokubanzi, uxinzelelo lwepulp lulawulwa phakathi kwe-20% - 40% kunyango olulandelayo. Kwangaxeshanye, fumana uxinzelelo lokuqala lwe-cyanide kwipulp ukuze unike isiseko sokumisela iiparameter zenkqubo elandelayo.

2. Ukususwa kokungcola : Susa ukungcola okukhulu kunye nezinye izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo kwi-pulp ngokuhluza, ukuthungela, njl.njl., ukuthintela ukuba zingaphazamisi iinkqubo zonyango ezilandelayo.

Inqanaba lokususa

1. Ukukhetha Indlela : Khetha indlela efanelekileyo yokususa ngokwezinto ezinje ngokuxinana kwe-cyanide kwi-pulp, iimpawu ze-ore, iindleko zonyango, kunye neemfuno zokukhusela okusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, kwi-cyanide enoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye namatyala apho ixabiso lingenanto yakwenza, indlela ye-Oxidation yeekhemikhali inokunikwa kuqala; kwi-cyanide enoxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye neemeko eziqondakalayo okusingqongileyo, indlela ye-oxidation yebhayoloji okanye indlela yokufunxa inokuba yeyona ifanelekileyo.

2. Ulawulo lweeParamitha zeNkqubo : Ukuthatha i-hydrogen peroxide oxidation kwindlela ye-Chemical oxidation njengomzekelo, lawula ngokungqongqo ubungakanani be-hydrogen peroxide eyongeziweyo (ngokubanzi ibalwe ngokwe-cyanide concentration kunye ne-reaction equation), ubushushu bokusabela (ngokubanzi yi-20 - 30℃), ixabiso le-pH (9 - 11), kunye nesantya sokushukumisa (ii-revolutions ezili-100 - 300 ngomzuzu) kunye nezinye iiparameter ukuqinisekisa ukusabela okusebenzayo.

Isithuba - unyango Stage

1. Ukwahlulwa kolwelo oluqinileyo : Yahlula intlama emva kokususwa kwe-cyanide ngokuhluza, ukucocwa kwe-centrifugation, njl.njl. ukuze kufunyanwe izinto ezicociweyo ze-sulfide ore kunye namanzi amdaka aqulethe inani elincinci le-cyanide.

2. Unyango lwaManzi amdaka : Phatha amanzi amdaka ahlukanisiweyo ukuze ahlangabezane nemigangatho yokukhupha yesizwe. Iindlela zesibini zokukhupha i-oxidation, ukufunxa, kunye nezinye iindlela zingasetyenziswa ukususa i-cyanide emanzini amdaka ukuqinisekisa ukukhupha okukhuselekileyo.

isiphelo

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokususa i-cyanide kumphezulu we-sulfide ores, kwaye indlela nganye inezibonelelo zayo kunye nokungalunganga. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqwalaselwe ngokubanzi izinto ezifana neempawu ze-ore, ukugxilwa kwecyanide, iindleko zonyango, kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo ukukhetha iindlela ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuhamba kwenkqubo. Ngeemfuno ezingqongqo zokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yetekhnoloji, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji esebenzayo ngakumbi, ehambelana nokusingqongileyo, kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokususa i-cyanide kumphezulu we-sulfide ores iya kuba lelona sikhokelo sophando kwixesha elizayo. Ngenkqubo eqhubekayo yokuphucula, kulindeleke ukuba kuphunyezwe iqanda - ukukhutshwa kwecyanide kwinkqubo yokuzuza kunye nokunyibilikiswa kwentsimbi yesulfide kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lesinyithi esingenawo i-ferrous.