Iindlela zeGold Cyanidation Plant Cyanide Water Treatment

In Gold Cyanidation Plants, nangona abanye Amanzi amdaka eCyanide iyarisayikilishwa, kusekho ezinye i-cyanide amanzi amdaka okanye iintsalela zecyanide ezilahlwayo. I-Cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu, ngoko ke unyango lobuchwephesha lwala manzi amdaka e-cyanide lubalulekile ngaphambi kokuba akhutshelwe ukunqanda ukungcoliseka kwendalo kunye nomonakalo kwimpilo yabantu neyezilwanyana. Okwangoku, ezi zilandelayo ziindlela eziqhelekileyo zokunyanga amanzi amdaka ecyanide kwizityalo zegolide zecyanidation.

Iindlela zoNyango lwamanzi amdaka eCyanide aPhakathi naPhantsi

Indlela ye-Alkaline yeChlorination

Indlela ye-alkaline chlorination yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu. Kule ndlela, i-chlorine oxidant ene-high charge oxidation state yongezwa kumanzi amdaka e-alkaline cyanide. Ii-oxidants eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-ClO₂, i-Cl₂ (igesi kunye nolwelo), i-bleaching powder, i-sodium hypochlorite, i-calcium hypochlorite, kunye ne-chlorite. Kwisisombululo se-alkaline, i-OCl⁻ okanye i-high - charge chloride oxidation idla ngokuveliswa. Okokuqala, i-cyanide i-oxidation ibe yi-cyanate, ize i-oxidation ibe yi- ICarbon i-dioxide kunye ne-nitrogen.

• eziluncedo: Ii-reagents zifumaneka ngokubanzi kwaye azibizi. Umphumo wonyango ulungile, kwaye izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo zilula, ezilula ukuzenzekelayo.

• nezingeloncedo: Ekubeni i-cyanogen chloride eyenziwe iyityhefu, iyingozi kakhulu kubaqhubi. I-Cyanogen chloride xa idibana namanzi inokuvelisa umsi otshisayo, obangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizixhobo.

Indlela ye-Inco

Indlela ye-Inco yaphuhliswa yi-Inco Ltd. kwi-1982. Ikakhulu ibandakanya ukongeza umxube we-SO₂ kunye nomoya kumanzi amdaka e-cyanide kunye nokulawula ixabiso le-pH phakathi kwe-8 - 10. I-ion ze-divalent zethusi zibangela i-oxidation ye-cyanide kumanzi amdaka.

• eziluncedo: Indlela ye-Inco ilula, kwaye izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo azinzima. Isiphumo sonyango ngokuqhelekileyo singcono kunenkqubo ye-chlorination (ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ubuthi be-thiocyanate). Imithombo ye-reagent ibanzi ngokubanzi, kwaye utyalo-mali lungaphantsi kunenkqubo ye-alkaline chlorination.

• nezingeloncedo: Indlela ye-Inco inobunzima kwi-oxidizing SCN⁻, kwaye i-SCN⁻ inokuhlukanisa i-CN⁻ kamva, ngoko ayifanelekanga ukunyanga amanzi amdaka e-cyanide kunye ne-SCN⁻ ephezulu-concentration. I-SO₂ ikwayinto engcolisa umoya kwaye inokuphuncuka kwaye ivuze ngexesha lokusabela, ingcolisa okusingqongileyo.

I-H₂O₂ Indlela ye-Oxidation

Phantsi kweemeko zexabiso le-pH le-9.5 - 11. ubushushu obuqhelekileyo, kunye nobhedu (Cu²⁺) ion njenge-catalyst, i-H₂O₂ i-oxidizes cyanide ukuvelisa i-CNO⁻. I-CNO⁻ iya kuhlanjululwa ngakumbi nge-hydrolyzed ukuvelisa i-NH₄⁺ kunye ne-CO₃²⁻, kwaye izinga le-hydrolysis lixhomekeke kwi-pH.

• eziluncedo: Umphumo wonyango wamanzi amdaka e-cyanide ulungile, kwaye inkqubo ilula. Indlela ye-oxidation ilungele ukunyanga amanzi amdaka e-cyanide asezantsi, kwaye i-cyanide concentration emva konyango ingaphantsi kwe-0.5mg/L.

• nezingeloncedo: I-H₂O₂ inetyhefu kwaye iyingozi, ngoko ke ukuthutha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kuyingozi. Indlela ye-oxidation inobunzima kwi-oxidizing SCN⁻ kumanzi amdaka, kwaye amanzi amdaka aphathwayo aseyityhefu.

Indlela ye-Ozone oxidation

I-ozone inamandla kakhulu okxidation, inamandla e-electrode eyi-2.07mV, okwesibini emva kwefluorine. Iyakwazi ukubola ngokulula amalungu angenako ukubola ngezinye ii-oxidants. I-chemical reaction mechanism yenkqubo ye-ozone oxidation kukuba i-ozone idibana ne-cyanide ukuvelisa i-cyanate, ethi emva koko i-hydrolyzed ukuvelisa i-nitrogen kunye ne-carbonate.

• eziluncedo: Ifuna kuphela izixhobo zokuvelisa i-ozone kwaye ayifuni ukuthenga nokuthutha iikhemikhali. Inkqubo ilula kwaye ifanelekile, ingabikho ungcoliseko lwesibini.

• nezingeloncedo: Ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu ze-ozone generators kunye nobunzima bokugcinwa kwezixhobo, kukho imida kwizicelo zamashishini. Indlela ye-ozone oxidation idla umbane omkhulu, ngoko kunzima ukuyisebenzisa kwiindawo ezingenawo amandla aneleyo.

Iindlela zoNyango kuManzi-aManzi amdaka eCyanide

Indlela ye-Acidification

Indlela ye-acidification inokunyanga uninzi lwezisombululo eziphezulu ze-cyanide (60 × 10⁻⁶ + NaCN) ezikhutshwe kwiifektri. Ukugxininiswa kweeyoni ze-cyanide zamahhala kwisisombululo kunokuncitshiswa kwi-1 × 10⁻⁶.

• eziluncedo: Inokwandisa ukubuyiswa kwe-cyanide, i-recycle resources, kwaye ineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo zezoqoqosho.

• nezingeloncedo: Utyalo-mali lwexesha elinye lukhulu kakhulu, kwaye amanye amashishini amancinci naphakathi akanakulufikelela. Utyando lunzima, kwaye ipulp enyangweyo isenobunzima bokuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhupha.

Indlela yokuthotywa kwendalo

Indlela yokuthotywa kwemvelo yindlela yokucoca echitha i-cyanide isebenzisa izinto zendalo ezifana nokukhanya. Iquka imiphumo ye-cyanide volatilization, ukubola, i-oxidation, ukuchithwa kwe-photochemical, i-biodegradation, imvula, kunye ne-adsorption, okusisiphumo sesiphumo esinzima esibanzi se-chemistry yomzimba, i-photochemistry, kunye ne-biochemistry.

• eziluncedo: Indlela yokucoca kwendalo inokufezekisa injongo yokususa i-cyanide ngaphandle kwezixhobo okanye nayiphi na imichiza, ngoko ke ixabiso liphantsi kakhulu.

• nezingeloncedo: Inkqubo icotha kakhulu, kwaye amanzi amdaka acociweyo akakwazi ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhupha.

ISibini-Inqanaba leNdlela yokuNika kweMvula

Indlela yokufumana imvula enezigaba ezibini yindlela esebenzayo evaliweyo - i-loop epheleleyo - indlela yomjikelo ephuhliswe kwizityalo zegolide ze-cyanidation ezincinci neziphakathi ezinomlinganiselo ophezulu we-SCN⁻ wamanzi amdaka, anokufikelela "i-zero discharge" yamanzi amdaka. Indlela yemvula enezigaba ezimbini ibandakanya ikakhulu ukongeza i-catalyst kunye neoksijini eyaneleyo kwicyanide kumanzi amdaka, kunye nokususa i-cyanide ngokusabela kulandelayo kwimathiriyeli ethwele igolide.

2Cu⁺ + 2SCN⁻→Cu₂(SCN)₂↓

Ca²⁺ + SO₄²⁻→CaSO₄↓

Pb²⁺ + SO₄²⁻→PbSO₄↓

H⁺ + CN⁻→HCN

• eziluncedo: Inokususa i-ion zetsimbi enzima kwisisombululo kwaye ifezekise ukuphinda kusetyenziswe amanzi amdaka.

• nezingeloncedo: Inyathelo lokuqala lokuna kwemvula kufuneka ligqitywe. Ngaphandle koko, xa ufaka i-alkali, i-cuprous rhodanate iya kuphinda inyibilike, ichaphazela umphumo wonyango. I-CaSO₄ engaqinisekanga inokubangela ukuvaleka kwevalvu.

Ezi ziindlela eziqhelekileyo zokunyanga amanzi amdaka ecyanide kwizityalo zegolide zecyanidation. Ukongeza kwezi ndlela zingasentla ze-cyanide - iindlela zokususa, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation yegolide kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka e-cyanide.